{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T00:27:49Z","timestamp":1792715269974,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,1,1]],"date-time":"2012-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1325376000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Current Problems in Diagnostic Radiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,1]]},"DOI":"10.1067\/j.cpradiol.2011.06.002","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,1,11]],"date-time":"2012-01-11T17:51:12Z","timestamp":1326304272000},"page":"1-10","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":47,"title":["Gestatational Trophoblastic Disease: Multimodality Imaging Assessment With Special Emphasis on Spectrum of Abnormalities and Value of Imaging in Staging and Management of Disease"],"prefix":"10.1067","volume":"41","author":[{"given":"Kimia Khalatbari","family":"Kani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jean H.","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manjiri","family":"Dighe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mariam","family":"Moshiri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Orpheus","family":"Kolokythas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Theodore","family":"Dubinsky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1067\/j.cpradiol.2011.06.002_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1148\/radiographics.16.1.131","article-title":"From the archives of the AFIP. Gestational trophoblastic disease: Radiologic-pathologic correlation","volume":"16","author":"Wagner","year":"1996","journal-title":"Radiographics"},{"key":"10.1067\/j.cpradiol.2011.06.002_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2010.06.073","article-title":"Gestational trophoblastic disease I: Epidemiology, pathology, clinical presentation and diagnosis of gestational trophoblastic disease, and management of hydatidiform mole","volume":"203","author":"Lurain","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1067\/j.cpradiol.2011.06.002_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1016\/j.crad.2005.12.003","article-title":"Radiology of gestational trophoblastic neoplasia","volume":"61","author":"Allen","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin Radiol"},{"key":"10.1067\/j.cpradiol.2011.06.002_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2010.06.072","article-title":"Gestational trophoblastic disease, vol II: classification and management of gestational trophoblastic neoplasia","volume":"204","author":"Lurain","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1067\/j.cpradiol.2011.06.002_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.1148\/radiographics.22.3.g02ma03563","article-title":"Fast MR imaging in obstetrics","volume":"22","author":"Nagayama","year":"2002","journal-title":"RadioGraphics"},{"key":"10.1067\/j.cpradiol.2011.06.002_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"906","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(86)90482-5","article-title":"Epidemiology of hydatidiform mole during early gestation","volume":"154","author":"Atrash","year":"1986","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1067\/j.cpradiol.2011.06.002_bib7","series-title":"Gestational Trophoblastic Neoplasia","author":"Fraser-Hill","year":"2005"},{"key":"10.1067\/j.cpradiol.2011.06.002_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1136\/jmg.2008.064196","article-title":"Identification of 13 novel NLRP7 mutations in 20 families with recurrent hydatidiform mole: Missense mutations cluster in the leucine-rich region","volume":"46","author":"Wang","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Med Genet"},{"key":"10.1067\/j.cpradiol.2011.06.002_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"662","DOI":"10.1046\/j.0960-7692.2001.00589.x","article-title":"The diagnostic implications of routine ultrasound examination in histologically confirmed early molar pregnancies","volume":"18","author":"Sebire","year":"2001","journal-title":"Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1067\/j.cpradiol.2011.06.002_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1097\/00006254-199109000-00001","article-title":"Clinical management and diagnostic possibilities in hydatidiform mole with coexistent fetus","volume":"46","author":"Vejerslev","year":"1991","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol Surv"},{"key":"10.1067\/j.cpradiol.2011.06.002_bib11","first-page":"35","article-title":"Natural history of twin pregnancy with complete hydatidiform mole and coexisting fetus","volume":"83","author":"Steller","year":"1994","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1067\/j.cpradiol.2011.06.002_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.7863\/jum.1991.10.8.473","article-title":"Appearance of molar pregnancy 9.5 weeks after conception. Use of transvaginal ultrasound for early diagnosis","volume":"10","author":"Crade","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Ultrasound Med"},{"key":"10.1067\/j.cpradiol.2011.06.002_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.1016\/S0009-9260(82)80190-6","article-title":"Ultrasonic patterns in trophoblastic disease","volume":"33","author":"Hussain","year":"1982","journal-title":"Clin Radiol"},{"key":"10.1067\/j.cpradiol.2011.06.002_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.160.1.8416610","article-title":"An unusual first-trimester sonographic finding associated with development of hydatidiform mole: The hyperechoic ovoid mass","volume":"160","author":"Bronson","year":"1993","journal-title":"AJR"},{"key":"10.1067\/j.cpradiol.2011.06.002_bib15","first-page":"130","article-title":"Imaging of gestational trophoblastic disease","volume":"22","author":"DeBaz","year":"1995","journal-title":"Semin Oncol"},{"key":"10.1067\/j.cpradiol.2011.06.002_bib16","first-page":"40","article-title":"Evolving concepts of molar pregnancy","volume":"36","author":"Berkowitz","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Reprod Med"},{"key":"10.1067\/j.cpradiol.2011.06.002_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1639","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMcp0900696","article-title":"Clinical practice. Molar pregnancy","volume":"360","author":"Berkowitz","year":"2009","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1067\/j.cpradiol.2011.06.002_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1159\/000292708","article-title":"Partial hydatidiform mole in the fallopian tube","volume":"35","author":"Terada","year":"1993","journal-title":"Gynecol Obstet Invest"},{"issue":"suppl 1","key":"10.1067\/j.cpradiol.2011.06.002_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-7292(03)90120-2","article-title":"Gestational trophoblastic neoplasia, FIGO 2000 staging and classification","volume":"83","author":"Ngan","year":"2003","journal-title":"Int J Gynecol Obstet"},{"key":"10.1067\/j.cpradiol.2011.06.002_bib20","first-page":"96","article-title":"Pathology of gestational trophoblastic disease","volume":"22","author":"Redline","year":"1995","journal-title":"Semin Oncol"},{"key":"10.1067\/j.cpradiol.2011.06.002_bib21","first-page":"142","article-title":"Gestational trophoblastic disease: Prognostic variables and staging","volume":"22","author":"Greenfield","year":"1995","journal-title":"Semin Oncol"},{"key":"10.1067\/j.cpradiol.2011.06.002_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1097\/00003081-198403000-00022","article-title":"The epidemiology of molar pregnancy and choriocarcinoma","volume":"27","author":"Buckley","year":"1984","journal-title":"Clin Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1067\/j.cpradiol.2011.06.002_bib23","first-page":"172","article-title":"Identification and management of high-risk gestational trophoblastic disease","volume":"22","author":"Soper","year":"1995","journal-title":"Semin Oncol"},{"key":"10.1067\/j.cpradiol.2011.06.002_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1148\/126.1.215","article-title":"Sonographic patterns in trophoblastic diseases","volume":"126","author":"Fleischer","year":"1978","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"10.1067\/j.cpradiol.2011.06.002_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.165.2.2821575","article-title":"Gestational trophoblastic neoplasia: Diagnosis with Doppler US","volume":"165","author":"Taylor","year":"1987","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"10.1067\/j.cpradiol.2011.06.002_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"787","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.157.4.1892037","article-title":"Diagnosis of gestational trophoblastic disease: Value of endovaginal color flow Doppler sonography","volume":"157","author":"Desai","year":"1991","journal-title":"AJR"},{"key":"10.1067\/j.cpradiol.2011.06.002_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1006\/gyno.1993.1025","article-title":"Evaluation of the criteria used to make the diagnosis of nonmetastatic gestational trophoblastic neoplasia","volume":"48","author":"Kohorn","year":"1993","journal-title":"Gynecol Oncol"},{"key":"10.1067\/j.cpradiol.2011.06.002_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1371","DOI":"10.1148\/radiographics.16.6.8946542","article-title":"Gestational trophoblastic disease: A spectrum of radiologic diagnosis","volume":"16","author":"Green","year":"1996","journal-title":"RadioGraphics"},{"key":"10.1067\/j.cpradiol.2011.06.002_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.161.1.3020607","article-title":"Gestational trophoblastic neoplasm of the uterus: MR assessment","volume":"161","author":"Hricak","year":"1986","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"10.1067\/j.cpradiol.2011.06.002_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.186.1.7677973","article-title":"Pelvic MR imaging findings in gestational trophoblastic disease, incomplete abortion, and ectopic pregnancy: Are they specific?","volume":"186","author":"Barton","year":"1993","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"10.1067\/j.cpradiol.2011.06.002_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.180.2.2068306","article-title":"Uterine changes after dilation and curettage: MR imaging findings","volume":"180","author":"Ascher","year":"1991","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"10.1067\/j.cpradiol.2011.06.002_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1006\/gyno.1993.1173","article-title":"Placental site trophoblastic tumor: A report of radiologic, surgical, and pathologic methods of evaluating the extent of disease","volume":"50","author":"Hoffman","year":"1993","journal-title":"Gynecol Oncol"},{"key":"10.1067\/j.cpradiol.2011.06.002_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.170.2.9456970","article-title":"MR appearance of placental site trophoblastic tumor: A report of three cases","volume":"170","author":"Brandt","year":"1998","journal-title":"AJR"},{"key":"10.1067\/j.cpradiol.2011.06.002_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"939","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.65.6.939","article-title":"Metastatic choriocarcinoma presenting as multiple intracerebral haemorrhages: The role of imaging in the elucidation of the pathology","volume":"65","author":"Kidd","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg, Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1067\/j.cpradiol.2011.06.002_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.148.1.165","article-title":"Malignant gestational trophoblastic disease: CT findings","volume":"148","author":"Sanders","year":"1987","journal-title":"AJR"},{"key":"10.1067\/j.cpradiol.2011.06.002_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.1007\/s002709900152","article-title":"Reduced systemic toxicity from superselective chemoembolization compared with systemic chemotherapy in patients with high-risk metastatic gestational trophoblastic disease","volume":"20","author":"Lang","year":"1997","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Interv Radiol"},{"key":"10.1067\/j.cpradiol.2011.06.002_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"713","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2005.01.049","article-title":"Occult choriocarcinoma discovered by positron emission tomography\/computed tomography imaging following a successful pregnancy","volume":"97","author":"Numnum","year":"2005","journal-title":"Gynecol Oncol"},{"key":"10.1067\/j.cpradiol.2011.06.002_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1016\/S0090-8258(03)00437-2","article-title":"[18F]fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography as a useful indicator of metastatic gestational trophoblastic tumor: Preliminary results in three patients","volume":"91","author":"Sironi","year":"2003","journal-title":"Gynecol Oncol"},{"key":"10.1067\/j.cpradiol.2011.06.002_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"942","DOI":"10.1259\/0007-1285-63-756-942","article-title":"Ultrasonic morphology of the uterus and ovaries after treatment of invasive mole and gestational choriocarcinoma","volume":"63","author":"Long","year":"1990","journal-title":"Br J Radiol"},{"key":"10.1067\/j.cpradiol.2011.06.002_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"624","DOI":"10.1259\/0007-1285-69-823-624","article-title":"Pregnancy after uterine artery embolization to control haemorrhage from gestational trophoblastic tumour","volume":"69","author":"McIvor","year":"1996","journal-title":"Br J Radiol"},{"key":"10.1067\/j.cpradiol.2011.06.002_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"640","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2223010035","article-title":"Embolization of bleeding residual uterine vascular malformations in patients with treated gestational trophoblastic tumors","volume":"222","author":"Lim","year":"2002","journal-title":"Radiology"}],"container-title":["Current Problems in Diagnostic Radiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0363018811000508?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0363018811000508?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,26]],"date-time":"2018-11-26T23:55:04Z","timestamp":1543276504000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0363018811000508"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,1]]},"references-count":41,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,1]]}},"alternative-id":["S0363018811000508"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1067\/j.cpradiol.2011.06.002","relation":{},"ISSN":["0363-0188"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0363-0188","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,1]]}}}