{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T21:34:37Z","timestamp":1790112877714,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2002,8,22]],"date-time":"2002-08-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1029974400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":21,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Clin Pharma and Therapeutics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,8]]},"abstract":"\n Background<\/jats:title>\n Valganciclovir is the oral prodrug of ganciclovir. The pharmacokinetics of valganciclovir in patients with renal impairment is not known. Furthermore, it is not known whether there are any pharmacokinetic differences between patients who are positive for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and cytomegalovirus (CMV) and healthy subjects.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n A total of 44 patients were included\u201418 with mild, medium, or severe renal impairment; 6 with end\u2010stage renal disease who were on long\u2010term hemodialysis;8 HIV\/CMV\u2010positive patients with normal renal function; and 12 healthy subjects serving as controls. Valganciclovir and ganciclovir serum concentrations were measured after oral administration of 900 mg of valganciclovir. Pharmacokinetic parameters were estimated by means of noncompartmental and compartmental methods.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n After oral administration of the prodrug valganciclovir, ganciclovir bioavailability was 60% and ganciclovir concentrations were higher (maximum concentration [C\n max<\/jats:sub>\n ], 8.5 \u03bcg\/mL versus 5.8 \u03bcg\/mL) and appeared later (time to maximum concentration [T\n max<\/jats:sub>\n ], 4.3 versus 2.0 hours) in patients with severe renal impairment compared with healthy subjects. The elimination half\u2010life (t\n 1\/2<\/jats:sub>\n )of ganciclovir was longer in patients with renal failure (t\n 1\/2<\/jats:sub>\n of 68.1 hours in patients with end\u2010stage renal disease compared with 3.5 hours in healthy subjects). Ganciclovir clearance was correlated with creatinine clearance (\n r<\/jats:italic>\n = 0.975). Hemodialysis removed 50% of ganciclovir. We observed no differences in pharmacokinetics between HIV\/CMV\u2010positive patients and healthy subjects. A 2\u2010compartment model with zero\u2010order input and first\u2010order elimination proved to be the most appropriate model for ganciclovir after oral administration of valganciclovir.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n The dosage of valganciclovir has to be adjusted to the degree of renal impairment. Dosage adjustment is not necessary for HIV\/CMV\u2010positive patients.<\/jats:p>\n \n Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics<\/jats:italic>\n (2002)\n 72<\/jats:bold>\n , 142\u2013150; doi:\n 10.1067\/mcp.2002.126306<\/jats:ext-link>\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1067\/mcp.2002.126306","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,10,9]],"date-time":"2002-10-09T17:24:11Z","timestamp":1034184251000},"page":"142-150","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":107,"title":["Pharmacokinetics of valganciclovir and ganciclovir in renal impairment"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"72","author":[{"given":"David","family":"Czock","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Nephrology, University Hospital Ulm Germany"},{"name":"PHAROS GmbH"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cornelia","family":"Scholle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Nephrology, University Hospital Ulm Germany"},{"name":"PHAROS GmbH"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Franz Maximilian","family":"Rasche","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Nephrology, University Hospital Ulm Germany"},{"name":"PHAROS GmbH"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dieter","family":"Schaarschmidt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Nephrology, University Hospital Ulm Germany"},{"name":"PHAROS GmbH"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frieder","family":"Keller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Nephrology, University Hospital Ulm Germany"},{"name":"PHAROS GmbH"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2002,8,22]]},"container-title":["Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/ascpt.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1067\/mcp.2002.126306","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,18]],"date-time":"2023-11-18T03:57:51Z","timestamp":1700279871000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ascpt.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1067\/mcp.2002.126306"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2002,8]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1067\/mcp.2002.126306"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1067\/mcp.2002.126306","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0009-9236","1532-6535"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0009-9236","type":"print"},{"value":"1532-6535","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2002,8]]}}}