{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]],"date-time":"2026-10-04T06:53:11Z","timestamp":1791096791917,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2002,12,1]],"date-time":"2002-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1038700800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Annals of Emergency Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,12]]},"DOI":"10.1067\/mem.2002.128681","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,11,25]],"date-time":"2002-11-25T14:48:54Z","timestamp":1038235734000},"page":"625-632","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":286,"title":["Occupational fatalities in emergency medical services: A hidden crisis"],"prefix":"10.1067","volume":"40","author":[{"given":"Brian J.","family":"Maguire","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katherine L.","family":"Hunting","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gordon S.","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nadine R.","family":"Levick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1067\/mem.2002.128681_bib2","series-title":"Census of Fatal Occupational Injuries, CFOI Research","author":"Bureau of Labor Statistics","year":"1998"},{"key":"10.1067\/mem.2002.128681_bib6","first-page":"108","article-title":"EMS workforce","volume":"25","author":"Heightman","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Emerg Med Serv JEMS"},{"key":"10.1067\/mem.2002.128681_bib7","first-page":"3","article-title":"Fatalities to law enforcement officers and firefighters, 1992-97","volume":"4","author":"Clarke","year":"1999","journal-title":"Compensation and Working Conditions"},{"key":"10.1067\/mem.2002.128681_bib8","first-page":"34","article-title":"National census of fatal occupational injuries, 1995","volume":"1","author":"Toscano","year":"1996","journal-title":"Compensation and Working Conditions"},{"key":"10.1067\/mem.2002.128681_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1686","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1994.03520210070034","article-title":"Workplace-related homicide among health care workers in the United States, 1980 through 1990","volume":"272","author":"Goodman","year":"1994","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1067\/mem.2002.128681_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1017\/S1049023X00041583","article-title":"Review of accidents\/injuries among emergency medical services workers in Baltimore, Maryland","volume":"10","author":"Gershon","year":"1995","journal-title":"Prehosp Disaster Med"},{"key":"10.1067\/mem.2002.128681_bib11","author":"Bureau of Labor Statistics"},{"key":"10.1067\/mem.2002.128681_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1017\/S1049023X00041418","article-title":"Disabling job injuries among urban EMS providers","volume":"9","author":"Tortella","year":"1994","journal-title":"Prehosp Disaster Med"},{"key":"10.1067\/mem.2002.128681_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1017\/S1049023X00040000","article-title":"The prevalence of occupational injuries in EMTs in New England","volume":"8","author":"Schwartz","year":"1993","journal-title":"Prehosp Disaster Med"},{"key":"10.1067\/mem.2002.128681_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.1016\/0735-6757(90)90081-A","article-title":"Evaluation of the injury profile of personnel in a busy urban EMS system","volume":"8","author":"Hogya","year":"1990","journal-title":"Am J Emerg Med"},{"key":"10.1067\/mem.2002.128681_bib15","first-page":"60","article-title":"Dispelling myths on ambulance accidents","volume":"11","author":"Elling","year":"1989","journal-title":"J Emerg Med Serv JEMS"},{"key":"10.1067\/mem.2002.128681_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1276","DOI":"10.1016\/S0196-0644(05)80106-4","article-title":"Violent patients and the prehospital provider","volume":"22","author":"Tintinalli","year":"1993","journal-title":"Ann Emerg Med"},{"key":"10.1067\/mem.2002.128681_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"320","DOI":"10.1016\/S0099-1767(98)90104-0","article-title":"Exposure of prehospital providers to violence and abuse","volume":"24","author":"Pozzi","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Emerg Nurs"},{"key":"10.1067\/mem.2002.128681_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1080\/10903129808958856","article-title":"Exposure of prehospital care providers to violence","volume":"2","author":"Corbett","year":"1998","journal-title":"Prehosp Emerg Care"},{"issue":"suppl","key":"10.1067\/mem.2002.128681_bib19","first-page":"S36","article-title":"Emergency medical services providers' experiences and concerns with occupational safety","volume":"32","author":"Sayah","year":"1998","journal-title":"Ann Emerg Med"},{"key":"10.1067\/mem.2002.128681_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/0736-4679(93)90003-P","article-title":"Occupational infectious disease exposures in EMS personnel","volume":"11","author":"Reed","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Emerg Med"},{"key":"10.1067\/mem.2002.128681_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/0736-4679(88)90243-0","article-title":"Epidemiology of needlestick injury in emergency medical service personnel","volume":"6","author":"Hochreiter","year":"1988","journal-title":"J Emerg Med"},{"key":"10.1067\/mem.2002.128681_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1016\/S0196-0644(05)81122-9","article-title":"Under-reporting of contaminated needlestick injuries in emergency health care workers","volume":"20","author":"Tandberg","year":"1991","journal-title":"Ann Emerg Med"},{"key":"10.1067\/mem.2002.128681_bib23","first-page":"604","article-title":"Occupational risk exposure reports among first responders in Oklahoma, January 1989-December 1990","volume":"84","author":"Gildon","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Okla State Med Assoc"},{"key":"10.1067\/mem.2002.128681_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"438","DOI":"10.1016\/S0196-0644(85)80288-2","article-title":"Accelerated hearing loss in urban emergency medical services firefighters","volume":"14","author":"Pepe","year":"1985","journal-title":"Ann Emerg Med"},{"key":"10.1067\/mem.2002.128681_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1093\/occmed\/48.2.119","article-title":"A five-year study comparing early retirements on medical grounds in ambulance personnel with those in other groups of health service staff. Part II: Causes of retirements","volume":"48","author":"Rodgers","year":"1998","journal-title":"Occup Med"},{"key":"10.1067\/mem.2002.128681_bib26","author":"Department of Transportation, National Highway Traffic Safety Administration"},{"key":"10.1067\/mem.2002.128681_bib27","author":"National Transportation Safety Board"},{"key":"10.1067\/mem.2002.128681_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"595","DOI":"10.1016\/0735-6757(93)90009-Z","article-title":"Differential front and back seat safety belt use by prehospital care providers","volume":"11","author":"Larmon","year":"1993","journal-title":"Am J Emerg Med"},{"key":"10.1067\/mem.2002.128681_bib29","author":"Levick"},{"key":"10.1067\/mem.2002.128681_bib30","author":"Levick"},{"key":"10.1067\/mem.2002.128681_bib31","author":"Levick"},{"key":"10.1067\/mem.2002.128681_bib32","first-page":"39","article-title":"EMS and vehicle safety","volume":"26","author":"Maguire","year":"1997","journal-title":"Emerg Med Serv"},{"key":"10.1067\/mem.2002.128681_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1017\/S1049023X00037468","article-title":"An eight year review of legal cases related to an urban 911 paramedic service","volume":"12","author":"Maguire","year":"1997","journal-title":"Prehosp Disaster Med"},{"key":"10.1067\/mem.2002.128681_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"806","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a115034","article-title":"An epidemiologic study of sudden death at work in an industrial county, 1979-1982","volume":"128","author":"Robinson","year":"1988","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1067\/mem.2002.128681_bib35","first-page":"36","article-title":"Practices of county medical examiners in classifying deaths as on the job","volume":"36","author":"Runyan","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Occup Med"},{"key":"10.1067\/mem.2002.128681_bib36","first-page":"347","article-title":"Preventing Occupational Disease and Injury","author":"Weeks","year":"1991"},{"key":"10.1067\/mem.2002.128681_bib37","first-page":"16","article-title":"Work injuries and illnesses occurring to women","volume":"3","author":"Toscano","year":"1998","journal-title":"Compensation and Working Conditions"},{"key":"10.1067\/mem.2002.128681_bib38","first-page":"94","article-title":"EMS hero commits suicide: a tragic end to the fairy tale rescue of Baby Jessica\u2026 Midland Fire Department paramedic Robert O'Donnell","volume":"24","author":"Donaldson","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Emerg Med Serv"},{"key":"10.1067\/mem.2002.128681_bib39","first-page":"16","article-title":"Crisis counselling in the metropolitan ambulance service","volume":"3","author":"Harkins","year":"1996","journal-title":"Aust J Emerg Care"},{"key":"10.1067\/mem.2002.128681_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"663","DOI":"10.1016\/S0196-0644(05)81844-X","article-title":"Helping the helpers: the development of a critical incident stress management team through university\/community cooperation","volume":"22","author":"Linton","year":"1993","journal-title":"Ann Emerg Med"},{"key":"10.1067\/mem.2002.128681_bib41","first-page":"146","article-title":"Critical incident stress in prehospital emergency care","volume":"88","author":"Linton","year":"1992","journal-title":"W V Med J"},{"key":"10.1067\/mem.2002.128681_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"725","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.81.6.725","article-title":"Effectiveness of source documents for identifying fatal occupational injuries: a synthesis of studies","volume":"81","author":"Stout","year":"1991","journal-title":"Am J Public Health"},{"key":"10.1067\/mem.2002.128681_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"921","DOI":"10.1002\/ajim.4700230608","article-title":"Mortality of urban firefighters in Alberta, 1927-1987","volume":"23","author":"Guidotti","year":"1993","journal-title":"Am J Ind Med"}],"container-title":["Annals of Emergency Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0196064402006613?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0196064402006613?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,2]],"date-time":"2019-04-02T12:50:07Z","timestamp":1554209407000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0196064402006613"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2002,12]]},"references-count":39,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,12]]}},"alternative-id":["S0196064402006613"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1067\/mem.2002.128681","relation":{},"ISSN":["0196-0644"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0196-0644","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2002,12]]}}}