{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,5]],"date-time":"2025-11-05T20:32:22Z","timestamp":1762374742892},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2003,3,1]],"date-time":"2003-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1046476800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Annals of Emergency Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,3]]},"DOI":"10.1067\/mem.2003.88","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,2,25]],"date-time":"2003-02-25T21:00:48Z","timestamp":1046206848000},"page":"355-369","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":41,"title":["2002 update to the ACC\/AHA guidelines for the management of patients with unstable angina and non\u2013ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction: Implications for emergency department practice"],"prefix":"10.1067","volume":"41","author":[{"suffix":"Jr.","given":"Charles V.","family":"Pollack","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Matthew T.","family":"Roe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eric D.","family":"Peterson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1067\/mem.2003.88_bib1","author":"Braunwald"},{"key":"10.1067\/mem.2003.88_bib2","first-page":"1","article-title":"Unstable Angina: Diagnosis and Management","author":"Braunwald","year":"1944"},{"key":"10.1067\/mem.2003.88_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1067\/mem.2001.117955","article-title":"ACC\/AHA guidelines for the management of patients with unstable angina and non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction: a practical summary for emergency physicians","volume":"38","author":"Pollack","year":"2000","journal-title":"Ann Emerg Med"},{"key":"10.1067\/mem.2003.88_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1067\/mem.2001.117944","article-title":"Advances create opportunities: implementing the major tenets of the new unstable angina guidelines in the emergency department","volume":"38","author":"Pollack","year":"2001","journal-title":"Ann Emerg Med"},{"key":"10.1067\/mem.2003.88_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1893","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000037106.76139.53","volume":"106","author":"Braunwald","year":"2002","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1067\/mem.2003.88_bib6","author":"National Center for Health Statistics","year":"1996"},{"key":"10.1067\/mem.2003.88_bib7","series-title":"National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey: 1997 Emergency Department Summary","author":"Nouraj","year":"1997"},{"key":"10.1067\/mem.2003.88_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1016\/S0196-0644(00)70006-0","article-title":"Chest pain centers: diagnosis of acute coronary syndrome","volume":"35","author":"Storrow","year":"2000","journal-title":"Ann Emerg Med"},{"key":"10.1067\/mem.2003.88_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2557","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.101.22.2557","article-title":"Predictors of outcomes in patients with a cute coronary syndromes without persistent ST-segment elevation: results for an international trial of 9461 patients","volume":"101","author":"Boersma","year":"2000","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1067\/mem.2003.88_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"835","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.284.7.835","article-title":"The TIMI risk score for unstable angina\/non-ST elevation MI: a method for prognostication and therapeutic decision making","volume":"284","author":"Antman","year":"2000","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1067\/mem.2003.88_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1593","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.100.15.1593","article-title":"Enoxaparin prevents death and cardiac ischemic events in unstable angina\/non\u2013Q-wave myocardial infarction: results of the Thrombolysis In Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) 11B trial","volume":"100","author":"Antman","year":"1999","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1067\/mem.2003.88_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199708143370702","article-title":"A comparison of low-molecular-weight heparin with unfractionated heparin for unstable coronary artery disease","volume":"337","author":"Cohen","year":"1997","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1067\/mem.2003.88_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1879","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200106213442501","article-title":"Comparison of early invasive and conservative strategies in patients with unstable coronary syndromes treated with the glycoprotein IIb\/IIIa inhibitor tirofiban","volume":"344","author":"Cannon","year":"2001","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1067\/mem.2003.88_bib15","first-page":"1488","article-title":"Platelet Receptor Inhibition in Ischemic Syndrome Management in Patients Limited by Unstable Signs and Symptoms (PRISM-PLUS)","volume":"338","author":"Study Investigators","year":"1998","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1067\/mem.2003.88_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1053\/euhj.2001.2738","article-title":"An integrated clinical approach to predicting the benefit of tirofiban in non-ST elevation acute coronary syndromes: application of the TIMI risk score for UA\/NSTEMI in PRISM-PLUS","volume":"23","author":"Morrow","year":"2002","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"10.1067\/mem.2003.88_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"959","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(00)00804-4","volume":"36","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1067\/mem.2003.88_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1333","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199610313351801","article-title":"Cardiac troponin T levels for risk stratification in acute myocardial ischemia","volume":"335","author":"Ohman","year":"1996","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1067\/mem.2003.88_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1342","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199610313351802","article-title":"Cardiac-specific troponin I levels to predict the risk of mortality in patients with acute coronary syndromes","volume":"335","author":"Antman","year":"1996","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1067\/mem.2003.88_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"510","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9149(97)00405-0","article-title":"Usefulness of positive troponin-T and negative creatine kinase levels in identifying high-risk patients with unstable angina pectoris","volume":"80","author":"Pettijohn","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1067\/mem.2003.88_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"762","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.eurheartj.a015341","article-title":"Risk stratification in unstable coronary artery disease: additive value of troponin T determinations and pre-discharge exercise tests. FRISC Study Group","volume":"18","author":"Lindahl","year":"1997","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"10.1067\/mem.2003.88_bib23","series-title":"The role of a biochemical marker for ischemia in the management of acute coronary syndrome patients","author":"Jesse","year":"2002"},{"key":"10.1067\/mem.2003.88_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"708","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(99)07349-3","article-title":"Invasive compared with non-invasive treatment in unstable coronary-artery disease: FRISC II prospective randomised multicentre study","volume":"354","author":"Fragmin and Fast Revascularisation During Instability in Coronary Artery Disease Investigators","year":"1999","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1067\/mem.2003.88_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"436","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199808133390704","article-title":"Inhibition of platelet glycoprotein IIb\/IIIa with eptifibatide in patients with acute coronary syndromes","volume":"339","author":"PURSUIT Trial Investigators","year":"1998","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"10.1067\/mem.2003.88_bib26","first-page":"I560","article-title":"Does earlier administration of eptifibatide reduce death and MI in patients with acute coronary syndromes?","volume":"98","author":"Bhatt","year":"1998","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1067\/mem.2003.88_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"492","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(00)01143-8","article-title":"Therapeutic value of eptifibatide at community hospitals transferring patients to tertiary referral centers early after admission for acute coronary syndromes","volume":"37","author":"Greenbaum","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1067\/mem.2003.88_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9149(00)01386-2","article-title":"Upstream use of tirofiban in patients admitted for an acute coronary syndrome in hospitals with or without facilities for invasive management","volume":"87","author":"Theroux","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1067\/mem.2003.88_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"494","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa010746","article-title":"Effects of clopidogrel in addition to aspirin in patients with acute coronary syndromes without ST-segment elevation","volume":"345","author":"Yusuf","year":"2001","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1067\/mem.2003.88_bib30","first-page":"2386","article-title":"Platelet IIb\/IIIa antagonism for the reduction of acute coronary syndrome events in a global organizational network","volume":"97","author":"PARAGON Investigators","year":"1998","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1067\/mem.2003.88_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(01)05701-4","article-title":"Effects of pretreatment with clopidogrel and aspirin followed by long-term therapy in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention: the PCI-CURE study","volume":"358","author":"Mehta","year":"2001","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1067\/mem.2003.88_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"658","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.103.5.658","article-title":"Percutaneous coronary intervention after subcutaneous enoxaparin pretreatment in patients with unstable angina pectoris","volume":"103","author":"Collet","year":"2001","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1067\/mem.2003.88_bib33","first-page":"272","article-title":"Enoxaparin and abciximab adjunctive pharmacotherapy during percutaneous coronary intervention","volume":"13","author":"Kereiakes","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Invasive Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1067\/mem.2003.88_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.96.1.61","article-title":"Comparison of low-molecular-weight heparin with unfractionated heparin acutely and with placebo for 6 weeks in the management of unstable coronary artery disease. FRagmin In unstable Coronary artery disease study (FRIC)","volume":"96","author":"Klein","year":"1997","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1067\/mem.2003.88_bib35","first-page":"365a","article-title":"Enoxaparin versus tinzaparin in the management of unstable coronary artery disease (EVET Study)","volume":"37","author":"Michalis","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1067\/mem.2003.88_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.97.3.251","article-title":"Platelet activation with unfractionated heparin at therapeutic concentrations and comparisons with a low-molecular-weight heparin and with a direct thrombin inhibitor","volume":"97","author":"Xiao","year":"1998","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1067\/mem.2003.88_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1330","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199505183322003","article-title":"Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia in patients treated with low-molecular-weight heparin or unfractionated heparin","volume":"332","author":"Warkentin","year":"1995","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"Suppl II","key":"10.1067\/mem.2003.88_bib38","first-page":"II826","article-title":"Anti-thrombotic combination using tirofiban and enoxaparin: the ACUTE II Study","volume":"102","author":"Cohen","year":"2000","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"Suppl E","key":"10.1067\/mem.2003.88_bib39","first-page":"E14","article-title":"Low-molecular-weight heparin therapy in percutaneous coronary intervention: the NICE 1 and NICE 4 trials. National Investigators Collaborating on Enoxaparin Investigators","volume":"12","author":"Young","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Invasive Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1067\/mem.2003.88_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"348","DOI":"10.1067\/mhj.2001.113217","article-title":"Dalteparin in combination with abciximab during percutaneous coronary intervention","volume":"141","author":"Kereiakes","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am Heart J"},{"key":"10.1067\/mem.2003.88_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000050144.67910.13","volume":"107","author":"Goodman","year":"2003","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1067\/mem.2003.88_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1067\/mem.2001.117881","article-title":"Platelet glycoprotein inhibitors in patients with medically managed acute coronary syndrome: does the enthusiasm exceed the science?","volume":"38","author":"Schriger","year":"2001","journal-title":"Ann Emerg Med"},{"key":"10.1067\/mem.2003.88_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1915","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(00)05060-1","article-title":"Effect of glycoprotein IIb\/IIIa receptor blocker abciximab on outcome in patients with acute coronary syndromes without early coronary revascularisation: the GUSTO IV-ACS randomised trial","volume":"357","author":"Simoons","year":"2001","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1067\/mem.2003.88_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(02)07442-1","article-title":"Platelet glycoprotein IIb\/IIIa inhibitors in acute coronary syndromes: a metaanalysis of all major randomised clinical trials","volume":"359","author":"Boersma","year":"2002","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1067\/mem.2003.88_bib45","first-page":"1","article-title":"Outcome-effective management of acute coronary syndromes: guidelines, protocols, and recommendations for emergency medical practice","volume":"1","author":"Pollack","year":"2002","journal-title":"CEVAT Panel Reports"}],"container-title":["Annals of Emergency Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0196064402850272?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0196064402850272?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,27]],"date-time":"2019-03-27T08:58:56Z","timestamp":1553677136000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0196064402850272"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2003,3]]},"references-count":43,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,3]]}},"alternative-id":["S0196064402850272"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1067\/mem.2003.88","relation":{},"ISSN":["0196-0644"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0196-0644","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2003,3]]}}}