{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,18]],"date-time":"2026-10-18T02:39:14Z","timestamp":1792291154011,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,1]],"date-time":"2002-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1025481600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["American Heart Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,7]]},"DOI":"10.1067\/mhj.2002.123144","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,10,9]],"date-time":"2002-10-09T17:24:11Z","timestamp":1034184251000},"page":"31-38","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":317,"title":["Diuretic resistance predicts mortality in patients with advanced heart failure"],"prefix":"10.1067","volume":"144","author":[{"given":"Gerald W.","family":"Neuberg","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alan B.","family":"Miller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chris M.","family":"O'Connor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert N.","family":"Belkin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter E.","family":"Carson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anne B.","family":"Cropp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David J.","family":"Frid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Regina G.","family":"Nye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Milton L.","family":"Pressler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John H.","family":"Wertheimer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Milton","family":"Packer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1067\/mhj.2002.123144_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1A","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9149(99)00358-6","article-title":"Consensus recommendations for the management of congestive heart failure","volume":"83","author":"Packer","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1067\/mhj.2002.123144_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1376","DOI":"10.1016\/0735-1097(95)00469-6","article-title":"Guidelines for the evaluation and management of heart failure: report of the American College of Cardiology\/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Committee on Evaluation and Management of Heart Failure)","volume":"26","author":"Williams","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"issue":"2 Suppl","key":"10.1067\/mhj.2002.123144_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S293","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-8703(98)70257-1","article-title":"Optimizing therapy for complex or refractory heart failure: a management algorithm","volume":"135","author":"Stevenson","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am Heart J"},{"key":"10.1067\/mhj.2002.123144_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/0735-1097(93)90812-F","article-title":"24th Bethesda Conference: cardiac transplantation. Task Force 3: recipient guidelines\/prioritization","volume":"22","author":"Mudge","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1067\/mhj.2002.123144_bib5","first-page":"52","article-title":"Prognosis determination in patients with advanced heart failure","volume":"16","author":"Kao","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Heart Lung Transplant"},{"key":"10.1067\/mhj.2002.123144_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-129-4-199808150-00004","article-title":"Clinical, hemodynamic and cardiopulmonary exercise determinants of survival in patients referred for evaluation of heart failure","volume":"129","author":"Myers","year":"1998","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"issue":"6 Suppl","key":"10.1067\/mhj.2002.123144_bib7","first-page":"5","article-title":"Ejection fraction, peak exercise oxygen consumption, cardiothoracic ratio, ventricular arrhythmias, and plasma norepinephrine as determinants of prognosis in heart failure","volume":"87","author":"Cohn","year":"1993","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1067\/mhj.2002.123144_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39A","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9149(89)90218-X","article-title":"Predictors of mortality change as the disease progresses in patients with chronic heart failure [abstract]","volume":"13","author":"Gottlieb","year":"1989","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1067\/mhj.2002.123144_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1107","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199610103351504","article-title":"Effect of amlodipine on morbidity and mortality in severe chronic heart failure","volume":"335","author":"Packer","year":"1996","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1067\/mhj.2002.123144_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"881","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9149(98)00496-2","article-title":"Calcium channel blockade with amlodipine in advanced heart failure: effects on mode of death in the PRAISE trial","volume":"82","author":"O'Connor","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1067\/mhj.2002.123144_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1429","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198706043162301","article-title":"Effects of enalapril on mortality in severe congestive heart failure: results of the Cooperative North Scandinavian Enalapril Survival Study (CONSENSUS)","volume":"316","author":"The CONSENSUS Trial Study Group","year":"1987","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1067\/mhj.2002.123144_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199108013250501","article-title":"Effect of enalapril on survival in patients with reduced left ventricular ejection fractions and congestive heart failure","volume":"325","author":"The SOLVD Investigators","year":"1991","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1067\/mhj.2002.123144_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199108013250502","article-title":"A comparison of enalapril with hydralazine-isosorbide dinitrate in the treatment of chronic congestive heart failure","volume":"325","author":"Cohn","year":"1991","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1067\/mhj.2002.123144_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2312","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.100.23.2312","article-title":"Comparative effects of low and high doses of the angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor, lisinopril, on morbidity and mortality in chronic heart failure","volume":"100","author":"Packer","year":"1999","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1067\/mhj.2002.123144_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9343(98)00365-9","article-title":"Diuretic treatment and diuretic resistance in heart failure","volume":"106","author":"Kramer","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"10.1067\/mhj.2002.123144_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"886","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-114-10-886","article-title":"The physiologic basis of diuretic synergism: its role in treating diuretic resistance","volume":"114","author":"Ellison","year":"1991","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"issue":"A Suppl","key":"10.1067\/mhj.2002.123144_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1016\/0735-1097(93)90484-I","article-title":"Clinical trials of diuretic therapy in heart failure: research directions and clinical considerations","volume":"22","author":"Cody","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1067\/mhj.2002.123144_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9343(98)00111-9","article-title":"The effects of diuresis on the pharmacokinetics of the loop diuretics furosemide and torsemide in patients with heart failure","volume":"104","author":"Gottlieb","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"10.1067\/mhj.2002.123144_bib19","first-page":"846","article-title":"Treatment of subclinical fluid retention in patients with symptomatic heart failure: effect on exercise performance","volume":"16","author":"Chomsky","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Heart Lung Transplant"},{"key":"10.1067\/mhj.2002.123144_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"725","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(97)00208-8","article-title":"Impact of a comprehensive heart failure management program on hospital readmission and functional status of patients with advanced heart failure","volume":"30","author":"Fonarow","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1067\/mhj.2002.123144_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"881","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9149(94)90815-X","article-title":"Discontinuation of chronic diuretic therapy in stable congestive heart failure secondary to coronary artery disease or to idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy","volume":"73","author":"Grinstead","year":"1994","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1067\/mhj.2002.123144_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1136\/hrt.57.1.17","article-title":"Untreated heart failure: clinical and neuroendocrine effects of introducing diuretics","volume":"57","author":"Bayliss","year":"1987","journal-title":"Br Heart J"},{"key":"10.1067\/mhj.2002.123144_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1724","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.82.5.1724","article-title":"Comparison of neuroendocrine activation in patients with left ventricular dysfunction with and without congestive heart failure","volume":"82","author":"Francis","year":"1990","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1067\/mhj.2002.123144_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1016\/0735-1097(92)90167-L","article-title":"The neurohormonal hypothesis: a theory to explain the mechanisms of disease progression in heart failure","volume":"20","author":"Packer","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1067\/mhj.2002.123144_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"370","DOI":"10.1002\/clc.4960180704","article-title":"Electrolyte disturbances in chronic heart failure: metabolic and clinical aspects","volume":"18","author":"Dei Cas","year":"1995","journal-title":"Clin Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1067\/mhj.2002.123144_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(91)90007-K","article-title":"Thiamine deficiency in patients with congestive heart failure receiving long-term furosemide therapy","volume":"91","author":"Seligmann","year":"1991","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"10.1067\/mhj.2002.123144_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14H","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9149(97)00816-3","article-title":"Pharmacotherapy for systolic dysfunction","volume":"80","author":"Gheorghiade","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1067\/mhj.2002.123144_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"739","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1997.03540330061036","article-title":"Health outcomes associated with anti-hypertensive therapies used as first-line agents: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"277","author":"Psaty","year":"1997","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1067\/mhj.2002.123144_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"967","DOI":"10.3109\/10641969309037085","article-title":"The effects of blood pressure reduction in older patients: an overview of five randomized controlled trials in elderly hypertensives","volume":"15","author":"MacMahon","year":"1993","journal-title":"Clin Exp Hypertens"},{"key":"10.1067\/mhj.2002.123144_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.3109\/10641969609088982","article-title":"Diuretics and risk of sudden death in hypertension: evidence and potential implications","volume":"18","author":"Hoes","year":"1996","journal-title":"Clin Exp Hypertens"},{"key":"10.1067\/mhj.2002.123144_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-122-3-199502010-00011","article-title":"The efficacy and safety of diuretics in treating hypertension","volume":"122","author":"Freis","year":"1995","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1067\/mhj.2002.123144_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1589","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(97)00361-6","article-title":"Primary prevention of sudden cardiac death in heart failure: will the solution be shocking?","volume":"30","author":"Uretsky","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1067\/mhj.2002.123144_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"902","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9149(96)00465-1","article-title":"Effectiveness of spironolactone added to an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor and a loop diuretic for severe congestive heart failure (The Randomized Aldactone Evaluation Study [RALES])","volume":"78","author":"The RALES Investigators","year":"1996","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1067\/mhj.2002.123144_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"709","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199909023411001","article-title":"The effect of spironolactone on morbidity and mortality in patients with severe heart failure","volume":"341","author":"Pitt","year":"1999","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1067\/mhj.2002.123144_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1589","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199105303242209","article-title":"Clinical trials: are they ethical?","volume":"324","author":"Passamani","year":"1991","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1067\/mhj.2002.123144_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"554","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1996.03530310060034","article-title":"Users' Guides to the Medical Literature. X. How to use an article reporting variations in the outcomes of health services","volume":"275","author":"Naylor","year":"1996","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1067\/mhj.2002.123144_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1540","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.97.16.1540","article-title":"Prospective study of a calcium channel blocker use, cardiovascular disease, and total mortality among hypertensive women: the Nurses' Health Study","volume":"97","author":"Michels","year":"1998","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1067\/mhj.2002.123144_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1514","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.97.15.1514","article-title":"Interpretation of outcomes of antiarrhythmic clinical trials: design features and population impact","volume":"97","author":"Myerburg","year":"1998","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1067\/mhj.2002.123144_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1675","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.80.6.1675","article-title":"Diverse mechanisms of unexpected cardiac arrest in advanced heart failure","volume":"80","author":"Luu","year":"1989","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1067\/mhj.2002.123144_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1016\/1071-9164(95)90014-4","article-title":"Interobserver discordance in the classification of mechanisms of death in studies of heart failure","volume":"1","author":"Ziesche","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Card Fail"},{"key":"10.1067\/mhj.2002.123144_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.93.3.519","article-title":"Exploration of the precision of classifying sudden death: implications for the interpretation of clinical trials","volume":"93","author":"Pratt","year":"1996","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"6 Suppl","key":"10.1067\/mhj.2002.123144_bib42","first-page":"24","article-title":"Mechanism of death in heart failure: the Vasodilator-Heart Failure Trials","volume":"87","author":"Goldman","year":"1993","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1067\/mhj.2002.123144_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1311","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.100.12.1311","article-title":"Diuretics and risk of arrhythmic death in patients with left ventricular dysfunction","volume":"100","author":"Cooper","year":"1999","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1067\/mhj.2002.123144_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1016\/S1071-9164(97)90029-4","article-title":"Angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitors in heart failure: physicians' prescribing behavior","volume":"3","author":"Ferreira","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Card Fail"}],"container-title":["American Heart Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0002870302000406?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0002870302000406?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,11]],"date-time":"2019-04-11T11:53:32Z","timestamp":1554983612000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0002870302000406"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2002,7]]},"references-count":44,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,7]]}},"alternative-id":["S0002870302000406"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1067\/mhj.2002.123144","relation":{},"ISSN":["0002-8703"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0002-8703","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2002,7]]}}}