{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T06:00:49Z","timestamp":1787724049763,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":11,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,1]],"date-time":"2016-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1472688000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":5418,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["aao-hnsfjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Otolaryngol.--head neck surg."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2001,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>OBJECTIVE<\/jats:title><jats:p>To evaluate the clinical presentation and management of internal carotid artery rupture after irradiation and osteoradionecrosis of the skull base.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING<\/jats:title><jats:p>A retrospective review of the patients in an otorhinolaryngology\u2010head and neck secondary and tertiary referral center.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>METHODOLOGY<\/jats:title><jats:p>From January 1993 to December 1996, patients with hemorrhage from internal carotid artery as a complication of irradiation and osteoradionecrosis of skull base were reviewed and analyzed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title><jats:p>Four patients with internal carotid arterial rupture were included in this study. Angiography was performed in all cases. Embolization of the aneurysm was performed on 2 patients and the remaining 2 patients underwent occlusion of their internal carotid arteries. Three of the 4 patients did not survive. The fourth is currently alive and well 18\u00a0months after embolization of 1\u00a0internal carotid artery.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>CONCLUSION<\/jats:title><jats:p>Skull base osteoradionecrosis with bleeding from internal carotid artery is a potentially fatal complication of irradiation. Angiography was the mainstay of diagnosis with embolization of the aneurysm and embolization or ligation of the internal carotid artery being the management options. Internal carotid artery occlusion is the definitive treatment provided cross circulation is adequate.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>SIGNIFICANCE<\/jats:title><jats:p>The advantages and disadvantages of the treatment options are discussed and a management protocol is proposed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1067\/mhn.2001.118248","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,2,4]],"date-time":"2003-02-04T21:49:09Z","timestamp":1044395349000},"page":"522-527","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Internal Carotid Artery Hemorrhage after Irradiation and Osteoradionecrosis of the Skull Base"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"125","author":[{"given":"Henry Chuen","family":"Kwong Lam","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of ENT Alice Ho Mui Ling Nethersole Hospital Tai Po NT Hong Kong China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Victor James","family":"Abdullah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of ENT Alice Ho Mui Ling Nethersole Hospital Tai Po NT Hong Kong China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter John","family":"Wormald","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Otorhinolaryngology Department of Surgery The Chinese University of Hong Kong Prince of Wales Hospital Shatin NT, Hong Kong China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charles Andrew","family":"Van Hasselt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Otorhinolaryngology Department of Surgery The Chinese University of Hong Kong Prince of Wales Hospital Shatin NT, Hong Kong China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","first-page":"92","article-title":"Nasopharyngeal carcinoma, an analysis of 100 Chinese patients","volume":"28","author":"Hasselt CA","year":"1990","journal-title":"South African J Surg"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022215100081226"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/028418512600600135"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S002221510012242X"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","first-page":"137","article-title":"Toynbee memorial lecture, Mastoidectomy","volume":"107","author":"Hasselt CA","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Laryngol Otol"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.18002810906"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1966.25.6.0660"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1965.23.6.0572"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.28.8.769"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1227\/00006123-198501000-00026"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006123-198205000-00003"}],"container-title":["Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1067\/mhn.2001.118248","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1067\/mhn.2001.118248","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/aao-hnsfjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1067\/mhn.2001.118248","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,20]],"date-time":"2025-10-20T12:15:36Z","timestamp":1760962536000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/aao-hnsfjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1067\/mhn.2001.118248"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2001,11]]},"references-count":11,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2001,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1067\/mhn.2001.118248"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1067\/mhn.2001.118248","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0194-5998","1097-6817"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0194-5998","type":"print"},{"value":"1097-6817","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2001,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2016-09-01","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}