{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T12:36:52Z","timestamp":1790339812702,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,1]],"date-time":"2016-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1472688000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":5267,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["aao-hnsfjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Otolaryngol.--head neck surg."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>OBJECTIVE<\/jats:title><jats:p>Several recent reports suggest there may be a relationship between chronic rhinitis and extraesophageal manifestations of gastroe\u2010sophageal reflux (EER). It is hypothesized that this relationship is a result of autonomic nervous system (ANS) dysfunction.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>STUDY DESIGN<\/jats:title><jats:p>Patients with isolated vasomotor rhinitis (VR), both VR and EER, and a control group were studied by a battery of tests designed to objectively evaluate ANS function. In addition all 3\u00a0groups underwent barium esophagogram and 4\u2010site (proximal pharynx, distal pharynx, proximal esophagus, and distal esophagus) ambulatory pH monitoring. Adult patients fulfilling diagnostic criteria for VR, and with both VR and EER underwent objective ANS testing in a recently developed ANS testing laboratory. The control group consisted of age\u2010 and sex\u2010matched adults without diagnostic criteria for VR or EER.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title><jats:p>In patients with VR only (n = 9), 2 patients had a positive esophagogram, whereas a positive pharyngeal reflux probe was found in 1 and an abnormal composite autonomic scoring scale (CASS) was found in 8 (mean VR CASS = 1.750 vs control CASS 0.556, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> =. 02). The group with VR and EER (n = 12) had a positive esophagogram in 10 patients, positive pharyngeal reflux by probe in 9, and all 12 had an abnormal CASS (mean CASS VR\/EER = 2.909 vs CASS control = 0.556, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> =. 001 and vs VR CASS = 1.750, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> =. 05). The control patients (n = 9) had normal transesopohageal gastroduo\u2010denoscopy in 8, 1 had a positive pharyngeal probe study, and all 9 had a normal CASS. In addition ANS testing in patients with diagnostic criteria for both VR\/EER revealed statistically significant evidence of an adrenergic deficit as compared with control patients on the basis of mean phase II blood pressure response to Valsalva maneuver (mean phase II VR\/EER = \u221216.730 vs control = \u22127.780, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> =. 05). In the VR only group, the phase II blood pressure decrease was greater than in control patients, but did not reach statistical significance (mean phase II VR = \u22129.370 vs control = \u2212 7.780, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.672).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>CONCLUSION<\/jats:title><jats:p>Patients with VR and VR\/EER have objective evidence of ANS dysfunction when compared with a group of age\u2010 and sex\u2010matched control patients. Patients with both VR\/EER demonstrate a significantly greater degree of ANS dysfunction than patients with isolated VR. The mechanism by which VR and EER interact is not entirely clear, but ANS dysfunction is objectively associated with both disorders. In addition, patients with VR\/EER seem to demonstrate hypo\u2010function of the adrenergic component of the ANS, in contrast to the generally held hypothesis that VR results from increased cholinergic activity. Further characterization of the type of ANS abnormality may allow the development of novel pharmacologic therapies for these disorders.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1067\/mhn.2002.123857","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,2,4]],"date-time":"2003-02-04T21:49:09Z","timestamp":1044395349000},"page":"382-387","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":73,"title":["Autonomic dysfunction, vasomotor rhinitis, and extraesophageal manifestations of gastroesophageal reflux"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"126","author":[{"given":"Todd A.","family":"Loehrl","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Otolaryngology and Communication Sciences The Medical College of Wisconsin Milwaukee Wisconsin"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Timothy L.","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Otolaryngology and Communication Sciences The Medical College of Wisconsin Milwaukee Wisconsin"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ronald J.","family":"Darling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Otolaryngology and Communication Sciences The Medical College of Wisconsin Milwaukee Wisconsin"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Torrico","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Otolaryngology and Communication Sciences The Medical College of Wisconsin Milwaukee Wisconsin"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas E.","family":"Prieto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology The Medical College of Wisconsin Milwaukee Wisconsin"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Reza","family":"Shaker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Gastroenterology and Hepatology The Medical College of Wisconsin Milwaukee Wisconsin"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert J.","family":"Toohill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Otolaryngology and Communication Sciences The Medical College of Wisconsin Milwaukee Wisconsin"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Safwan S.","family":"Jaradeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology The Medical College of Wisconsin Milwaukee Wisconsin"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_1","first-page":"123","article-title":"A concept of allergy as autonomic dysfunction suggested as an improved working hypothesis","volume":"52","author":"Williams HL.","year":"1950","journal-title":"Trans Am Acad Ophthalmol Otolaryngol"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_1","first-page":"235","volume-title":"Principles and Practice of Rhinology.","author":"Goldman JL.","year":"1987"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2273.1996.tb01031.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_5_1","first-page":"1","volume-title":"The Nose: An Experimental Study of Reactions Within the Nose in Human Subjects During Various Life Experiences","author":"Holmes TH","year":"1950"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005537-199704000-00014"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2500\/105065899781389777"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0194-5998(99)70181-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_9_1","unstructured":"SilversS KimH GoldS et al.Reflux and chronic sinusitis: are they related?Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Rhinologic Society 2000; 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