{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,21]],"date-time":"2025-10-21T00:43:38Z","timestamp":1761007418437,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,1]],"date-time":"2016-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1472688000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":5114,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["aao-hnsfjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Otolaryngol.--head neck surg."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>OBJECTIVE<\/jats:title><jats:p>Three\u2010dimensional imaging can improve the understanding and comprehension of complex anatomy. Recent advances in software development allow the construction of a virtual endoscopic view of anatomic structures. This report applies virtual endoscopic capabilities to imaging of the internal auditory canal.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>STUDY DESIGN, SETTING, AND PATIENTS<\/jats:title><jats:p>We conducted a retrospective case review at a tertiary referral center of patients with abnormal internal auditory canal anatomy on computed tomography.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>INTERVENTIONS<\/jats:title><jats:p>Computed tomography images were obtained using conventional clinical algorithms involving multiple, 1\u2010mm\u2010thick slices through the temporal bone. Three\u2010dimensional reconstructions were made using General Electric Advantage Windows Navigator software. The virtual endoscopic image\u2010processing algorithm used selected image intensity threshold levels to visualize internal auditory canal anatomy from an endoscopic perspective.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title><jats:p>Eleven cases of abnormalities of the internal auditory canal were retrospectively identified. Clinical applications using the virtual endoscopic images are presented. The virtual endoscopic images supported prior clinical decision making in 6 of the 11 cases evaluated.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>CONCLUSION<\/jats:title><jats:p>This technique shows promise for the diagnosis, surgical planning, and teaching of temporal bone anatomy. Usefulness is dependent on acquisition parameters and clinical indications for examination.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1067\/mhn.2002.127413","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,2,4]],"date-time":"2003-02-04T21:49:09Z","timestamp":1044395349000},"page":"145-152","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Evaluation of the Internal Auditory Canal with Virtual Endoscopy"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"127","author":[{"given":"Jeffrey T.","family":"Vrabec","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Bobby R. 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