{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,30]],"date-time":"2026-08-30T21:44:56Z","timestamp":1788126296081,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2001,5,1]],"date-time":"2001-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":988675200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Laboratory and Clinical Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2001,5]]},"DOI":"10.1067\/mlc.2001.114105","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,25]],"date-time":"2002-07-25T04:21:43Z","timestamp":1027570903000},"page":"324-329","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":38,"title":["The controversial role of deferiprone in the treatment of thalassemia"],"prefix":"10.1067","volume":"137","author":[{"given":"Des R.","family":"Richardson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1067\/mlc.2001.114105_bib1","first-page":"197","article-title":"The future of new iron chelating drugs","author":"Cerami","year":"1981"},{"key":"10.1067\/mlc.2001.114105_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1096-8652(199808)58:4<299::AID-AJH9>3.0.CO;2-L","article-title":"The development of iron chelators to treat iron overload disease and their use as experimental tools to probe intracellular iron metabolism","volume":"58","author":"Richardson","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am J Hematol"},{"key":"10.1067\/mlc.2001.114105_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"739","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V89.3.739","article-title":"Iron chelation therapy and the treatment of thalassemia","volume":"89","author":"Olivieri","year":"1997","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"10.1067\/mlc.2001.114105_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2141","DOI":"10.1517\/13543784.8.12.2141","article-title":"Therapeutic potential of iron chelators","volume":"8","author":"Richardson","year":"1999","journal-title":"Exp Opin Invest Drugs"},{"key":"10.1067\/mlc.2001.114105_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2741","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V79.10.2741.bloodjournal79102741","article-title":"Reduction of tissue iron stores and normalisation of serum ferritin during treatment with the oral iron chelator L1 in thalassemia intermedia","volume":"79","author":"Olivieri","year":"1992","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"10.1067\/mlc.2001.114105_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"918","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199504063321404","article-title":"Iron chelation therapy with oral deferiprone in patients with thalassemia major","volume":"332","author":"Olivieri","year":"1995","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1067\/mlc.2001.114105_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199808133390701","article-title":"Long-term safety and effectiveness of iron-chelation therapy with deferiprone for thalassemia major","volume":"339","author":"Olivieri","year":"1998","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1067\/mlc.2001.114105_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V91.1.295","article-title":"Long-term trial of deferiprone in 51-transfusion-dependent iron overloaded patients","volume":"91","author":"Hoffbrand","year":"1998","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"10.1067\/mlc.2001.114105_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2141.1993.tb03184.x","article-title":"Subcellular distribution of desferrioxamine and hydroxypyridin-4-one chelators in K562 cells affects chelation of intracellular iron pools","volume":"85","author":"Hoyes","year":"1993","journal-title":"Br J Haematol"},{"key":"10.1067\/mlc.2001.114105_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2141.1995.tb03318.x","article-title":"Pharmacokinetics of the oral iron chelator deferiprone (L1) in patients with iron overload","volume":"89","author":"al Refaie","year":"1995","journal-title":"Br J Haematol"},{"key":"10.1067\/mlc.2001.114105_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1497","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V72.5.1497.1497","article-title":"Iron mobilization from hepatocyte monolayer cultures by chelators: the importance of membrane permeability and the iron-binding constant","volume":"72","author":"Porter","year":"1988","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"10.1067\/mlc.2001.114105_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-5793(85)80859-0","article-title":"Site specificity of iron removal from transferrin by \u03b1-ketohydroxypyridone chelators","volume":"189","author":"Kontoghiorghes","year":"1985","journal-title":"FEBS Lett"},{"key":"10.1067\/mlc.2001.114105_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1136\/jcp.48.2.110","article-title":"Changes in transferrin saturation after treatment with the oral iron chelator deferiprone in patients with iron overload","volume":"48","author":"al Refaie","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Clin Pathol"},{"key":"10.1067\/mlc.2001.114105_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"632","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V92.2.632","article-title":"The iron chelator L1 potentiates oxidative DNA damage in iron-loaded liver cells","volume":"92","author":"Cragg","year":"1998","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"10.1067\/mlc.2001.114105_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20291","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.271.34.20291","article-title":"The relationship of intracellular iron chelation to the inhibition and regeneration of human ribonucleotide reductase","volume":"271","author":"Cooper","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"10.1067\/mlc.2001.114105_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2141.1995.tb08927.x","article-title":"Iron chelators induce apoptosis in proliferating cells","volume":"89","author":"Hileti","year":"1995","journal-title":"Br J Haematol"},{"key":"10.1067\/mlc.2001.114105_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1471","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(94)92585-2","article-title":"Arthropathy in thalassemic patients receiving deferiprone","volume":"343","author":"Berkovitch","year":"1994","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1067\/mlc.2001.114105_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2329","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V83.8.2329.2329","article-title":"Iron balance and dose-response studies of the oral iron chelator 1,2-dimethyl-3-hydroxypyrid-4-one (L1) in iron-loaded patients with sickle cell disease","volume":"83","author":"Collins","year":"1994","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"10.1067\/mlc.2001.114105_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"894","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V90.2.894a","article-title":"The effectiveness of deferiprone in thalassemia","volume":"90","author":"Dogherty","year":"1997","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"10.1067\/mlc.2001.114105_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-2143(98)90180-9","article-title":"Pyridoxal isonicotinoyl hydrazone and its analogues: potential orally effective iron-chelating agents for the treatment of iron overload disease","volume":"131","author":"Richardson","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Lab Clin Med"},{"key":"10.1067\/mlc.2001.114105_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-2143(98)90049-X","article-title":"Orally effective iron chelators for the treatment of iron overload disease: the case for a further look at pyridoxal isonicotinoyl hydrazone (PIH) and its analogs","volume":"132","author":"Richardson","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Lab Clin Med"},{"key":"10.1067\/mlc.2001.114105_bib22","series-title":"Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Proteins of Iron Transport and Storage","first-page":"118","article-title":"Oral iron chelators may do more harm than good","author":"Florence","year":"1989"},{"key":"10.1067\/mlc.2001.114105_NEWBIB1","series-title":"Proceedings of the Tenth International Conference on Oral Chelators in the Treatment of Thalassemia and Other Diseases and Biomed Meeting","first-page":"6","article-title":"The Sydney children's hospital experience with the oral iron chelator deferiprone","author":"Berdoukas","year":"2000"},{"key":"10.1067\/mlc.2001.114105_bib24","series-title":"Proceedings of the Tenth International Conference on Oral Chelators in the Treatment of Thalassemia and Other Diseases and Biomed Meeting.","first-page":"4","article-title":"Deferi- prone (Kelfer-L1). A review of Indian study over 10 years","author":"Gogtey","year":"2000"},{"key":"10.1067\/mlc.2001.114105_bib25","series-title":"Proceedings of the Tenth International Conference on Oral Chelators in the Treatment of Thalassemia and Other Diseases and Biomed Meeting.","first-page":"3","article-title":"A report of 22 patients who have taken it for over a decade","author":"Agarwal","year":"2000"},{"key":"10.1067\/mlc.2001.114105_bib26","series-title":"Proceedings of the Tenth International Conference on Oral Chelators in the Treatment of Thalassemia and Other Diseases and Biomed Meeting","first-page":"9","article-title":"Liver iron and fibrosis during long-term treatment with deferiprone in Swiss thalassaemic patients, 1989-2000.","author":"T\u00f6ndury","year":"2000"},{"key":"10.1067\/mlc.2001.114105_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2141.1998.00725.x","article-title":"Liver iron and fibrosis during long-term treatment wih deferiprone in Swiss thalassaemic patients","volume":"101","author":"T\u00f6ndury","year":"1998","journal-title":"Br J Haematol"},{"key":"10.1067\/mlc.2001.114105_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2141.1998.01002.x","article-title":"Combined therapy with deferiprone and desferrioxamine","volume":"103","author":"Wonke","year":"1998","journal-title":"Br J Haematol"},{"key":"10.1067\/mlc.2001.114105_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1159\/000040962","article-title":"Sequential use of deferiprone and desferrioxamine in primary school children with thalassemia major in Turkey","volume":"102","author":"Aydinok","year":"1999","journal-title":"Acta Haematol"},{"key":"10.1067\/mlc.2001.114105_bib30","series-title":"Proceedings of the Tenth International Conference on Oral Chelators in the Treatment of Thalassemia and Other Diseases and Biomed Meeting.","first-page":"9","article-title":"Combining deferiprone and desferrioxamine to optimize chelation","author":"Grady","year":"2000"},{"key":"10.1067\/mlc.2001.114105_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"574","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-2143(96)90148-1","article-title":"Mode of action of iron(III) chelators as anti-malarials. IV. Potentiation of desferal action by benzoyl and isonicotinoyl hydrazone derivatives","volume":"127","author":"Tsafack","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Lab Clin Med"},{"key":"10.1067\/mlc.2001.114105_bib32","first-page":"403","article-title":"Mode of action of iron(III) chelators as antimalarials. 3. Overadditive effects in the combined action of hydroxamate-based agents on in vitro growth of Plasmodium falciparum","volume":"47","author":"Tsafack","year":"1995","journal-title":"Mol Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1067\/mlc.2001.114105_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"298","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0609.1994.tb01323.x","article-title":"Deferiprone-associated myelotoxicity","volume":"53","author":"al Refaie","year":"1994","journal-title":"Eur J Haematol"},{"key":"10.1067\/mlc.2001.114105_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2141.1995.tb05274.x","article-title":"Results of long-term deferiprone (L1) therapy: a report by the international study group on oral iron chelators","volume":"91","author":"al Refaie","year":"1995","journal-title":"Br J Haematol"},{"key":"10.1067\/mlc.2001.114105_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2141.1997.d01-2014.x","article-title":"Agranulocytosis, arthritis and systemic vasculitis in a patient receiving the oral iron chelator L1 (deferiprone)","volume":"96","author":"Castriota-Scanderbeg","year":"1997","journal-title":"Br J Hematol"},{"key":"10.1067\/mlc.2001.114105_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1007\/s002770050236","article-title":"Long-term treatment of transfusional iron overload with the oral iron chelator deferiprone (L1): a Dutch multicenter trial","volume":"73","author":"Kersten","year":"1996","journal-title":"Ann Hematol"},{"key":"10.1067\/mlc.2001.114105_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2141.2000.01866.x","article-title":"Safety profile of the oral iron chelator deferiprone: a multicentre study","volume":"108","author":"Cohen","year":"2000","journal-title":"Br J Haematol"},{"key":"10.1067\/mlc.2001.114105_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1520-6017(200004)89:4<545::AID-JPS12>3.0.CO;2-J","article-title":"The hexadentate hydroxypyridinonate TREN-(Me-3,2-HOPO) is a more orally active iron chelator than its bidentate analogue","volume":"89","author":"Yokel","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Pharm Sci"},{"key":"10.1067\/mlc.2001.114105_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1990.tb24320.x","article-title":"The development of hydroxypyridin-4-ones as orally active iron chelators","volume":"612","author":"Hider","year":"1990","journal-title":"Ann NY Acad Sci"},{"key":"10.1067\/mlc.2001.114105_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2049","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V77.9.2049.2049","article-title":"Iron mobilization from myocardial cells by 3-hydroxypyridin-4-one chelators: studies in rat heart cells in culture","volume":"77","author":"Hershko","year":"1991","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"10.1067\/mlc.2001.114105_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4814","DOI":"10.1021\/jm991080o","article-title":"Synthesis, physicochemical characterisation, and biological evaluation of 2-(1\u2032-hydroxyalkyl)-3-hydroxypyridin-4-ones: novel iron chelators with enhanced pFe(3+) values","volume":"42","author":"Liu","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Med Chem"},{"key":"10.1067\/mlc.2001.114105_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-5793(79)80111-8","article-title":"Mobilization of iron from reticulocytes. Identification of pyridoxal isonicotinoyl hydrazone as a new iron chelating agent","volume":"97","author":"Ponka","year":"1979","journal-title":"FEBS Lett"},{"key":"10.1067\/mlc.2001.114105_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"278","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-4165(79)90100-4","article-title":"A study of intracellular iron metabolism using pyridoxal isonicotinoyl hydrazone and other synthetic chelating agents","volume":"586","author":"Ponka","year":"1979","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta"},{"key":"10.1067\/mlc.2001.114105_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3011","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-2952(85)90142-X","article-title":"Iron chelation by pyridoxal isonicotinoyl hydrazone and analogues in hepatocytes in culture","volume":"34","author":"Baker","year":"1985","journal-title":"Biochem Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1067\/mlc.2001.114105_bib45","first-page":"81","article-title":"Effects of pyridoxal isonicotinoyl hydrazone and analogs on iron metabolism in hepatocytes and macrophages in culture","volume":"23","author":"Richardson","year":"1988","journal-title":"Birth Defects"},{"key":"10.1067\/mlc.2001.114105_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-4165(88)90197-3","article-title":"Effect of pyridoxal isonicotinoyl hydrazone and other hydrazones on iron release from macrophages, reticulocytes and hepatocytes","volume":"967","author":"Ponka","year":"1988","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta"},{"key":"10.1067\/mlc.2001.114105_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"492","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.1840150323","article-title":"Evaluation of the iron chelation potential of hydrazones of pyridoxal, salicylaldehyde and 2-hydroxy-1-naphthylaldehyde using the hepatocyte in culture","volume":"15","author":"Baker","year":"1992","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1067\/mlc.2001.114105_bib48","first-page":"399","article-title":"An in vivo evaluation of iron chelating drugs derived from pyridoxal and its analogues","volume":"221","author":"Johnson","year":"1982","journal-title":"J Pharmacol Exp Ther"},{"key":"10.1067\/mlc.2001.114105_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4368","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V91.11.4368","article-title":"Biliary iron excretion in rats following treatment with analogues of pyridoxal isonicotinoyl hydrazone","volume":"91","author":"Blaha","year":"1998","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"10.1067\/mlc.2001.114105_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01142555","article-title":"Iron chelators of the pyridoxal isonicotinoyl hydrazone class III. Formation constants with calcium(II), magnesium(II) and zinc(II)","volume":"2","author":"Richardson","year":"1989","journal-title":"Biol Met"},{"key":"10.1067\/mlc.2001.114105_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-1693(00)80472-7","article-title":"Iron chelators of the pyridoxal isonicotinoyl hydrazone class part 2. Formation constants with iron(III) and iron(II)","volume":"170","author":"Vitolo","year":"1990","journal-title":"Inorg Chim Acta"},{"key":"10.1067\/mlc.2001.114105_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-1693(00)80471-5","article-title":"Iron chelators of the pyridoxal isonicotinoyl hydrazone class part 1. Ionisation characteristics of the ligands and their relevance to biological properties","volume":"170","author":"Richardson","year":"1990","journal-title":"Inorg Chim Acta"},{"key":"10.1067\/mlc.2001.114105_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"294","DOI":"10.1016\/0167-4889(91)90192-Z","article-title":"The release of iron and transferrin from the human melanoma cell","volume":"1091","author":"Richardson","year":"1991","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta"},{"key":"10.1067\/mlc.2001.114105_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4295","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V86.11.4295.bloodjournal86114295","article-title":"The potential of iron chelators of the pyridoxal isonicotinoyl hydrazone class as effective antiproliferative agents","volume":"86","author":"Richardson","year":"1995","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"10.1067\/mlc.2001.114105_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3025","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V89.8.3025","article-title":"The potential of iron chelators of the pyridoxal isonicotinoyl hydrazone class as effective anti-proliferative agents II: the mechanism of action of ligands derived from salicylaldehyde benzoyl hydrazone and 2-hydroxy-1-naphthylaldehyde benzoyl hydrazone","volume":"89","author":"Richardson","year":"1997","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"10.1067\/mlc.2001.114105_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"781","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V94.2.781","article-title":"The potential of analogues of the pyridoxal isonicotinoyl hydrazone class as effective anti-proliferative agents III: the effect of the ligands on molecular targets involved in proliferation","volume":"94","author":"Darnell","year":"1999","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"10.1067\/mlc.2001.114105_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1007\/s007750050312","article-title":"Crystal and molecular structure of 2-hydroxy-1-naphthylaldehyde isonicotinoyl hydrazone (NIH) and its iron(III) complex: an iron chelator with anti-proliferative activity","volume":"4","author":"Richardson","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Biol Inorg Chem"},{"key":"10.1067\/mlc.2001.114105_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"510","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-2143(99)90173-7","article-title":"Development of novel aroylhydrazone ligands for iron chelation therapy: the 2-pyridylcarboxaldehyde isonicotinoyl hydrazone (PCIH) analogues","volume":"134","author":"Becker","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Lab Clin Med"},{"key":"10.1067\/mlc.2001.114105_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2102","DOI":"10.1107\/S0108270199011531","article-title":"The biologically active iron chelators 2-pyridylcarboxaldehyde isonicotinoyl hydrazone, 2-pyridylcarboxaldehyde benzoyl hydrazone and 2-furfural isonicotinoyl hydrazone","volume":"C55","author":"Richardson","year":"1999","journal-title":"Acta Crystallogr C"},{"key":"10.1067\/mlc.2001.114105_bib60","unstructured":"Richardson DR, Becker E, Bernhardt PV. Iron chelators and uses thereof. International Patent Application No. PCT\/ AU00\/01050."},{"key":"10.1067\/mlc.2001.114105_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-1693(99)00126-7","article-title":"New chelating agents suitable for the treatment of iron overload","volume":"291","author":"Martell","year":"1999","journal-title":"Inorg Chim Acta"}],"container-title":["Journal of Laboratory and Clinical Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0022214301859655?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0022214301859655?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,16]],"date-time":"2019-12-16T03:19:18Z","timestamp":1576466358000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0022214301859655"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2001,5]]},"references-count":61,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2001,5]]}},"alternative-id":["S0022214301859655"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1067\/mlc.2001.114105","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-2143"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-2143","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2001,5]]}}}