{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,23]],"date-time":"2026-07-23T09:06:50Z","timestamp":1784797610484,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"National University of Health Sciences","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2000,9,1]],"date-time":"2000-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":967766400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Manipulative and Physiological Therapeutics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2000,9]]},"DOI":"10.1067\/mmt.2000.108816","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,25]],"date-time":"2002-07-25T00:17:08Z","timestamp":1027556228000},"page":"490-497","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Complex regional pain syndrome and chiropractic"],"prefix":"10.67400","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Jeffrey M.","family":"Muir","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Howard","family":"Vernon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"57152","reference":[{"key":"10.1067\/mmt.2000.108816_bib1","series-title":"Gunshot wounds and other injuries of nerves","author":"Mitchell","year":"1864"},{"key":"10.1067\/mmt.2000.108816_bib2","first-page":"178","article-title":"De la causalgie envisagee comme une nevrite due sympathique et de son traitment par la denudation et l'excision des plexus nerveux peri-arteriels","volume":"24","author":"Leriche","year":"1916","journal-title":"Presse Med"},{"key":"10.1067\/mmt.2000.108816_bib3","series-title":"Classification of chronic pain: descriptions of chronic pain syndromes and definitions of pain terms","author":"Merskey","year":"1994"},{"key":"10.1067\/mmt.2000.108816_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1012","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(93)92877-V","article-title":"Signs and symptoms of reflex sympathetic dystrophy: prospective study of 829 patients","volume":"342","author":"Veldman","year":"1993","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1067\/mmt.2000.108816_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.1097\/00002508-199812000-00003","article-title":"Complex regional pain syndrome I (CRPS I): prospective study and laboratory evaluation","volume":"14","author":"Sandroni","year":"1998","journal-title":"Clin J Pain"},{"key":"10.1067\/mmt.2000.108816_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/28.5.399","article-title":"Reflex sympathetic dystrophy (algoneurodystrophy): temperature studies in the upper limb","volume":"28","author":"Cooke","year":"1989","journal-title":"Br J Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1067\/mmt.2000.108816_bib7","first-page":"249","article-title":"Clinical manifestations of reflex sympathetic dystrophy and sympathetically maintained pain","author":"Blumberg","year":"1993"},{"key":"10.1067\/mmt.2000.108816_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"883","DOI":"10.3928\/0147-7447-19880601-07","article-title":"Treatment of upper extremity reflex sympathetic dystrophy with joint stiffness using sympatholytic Bier blocks and manipulation","volume":"11","author":"Duncan","year":"1988","journal-title":"Orthopedics"},{"key":"10.1067\/mmt.2000.108816_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1080\/00325481.1991.11701015","article-title":"Burning pain in an extremity: breaking the destructive cycle of reflex sympathetic dystrophy","volume":"90","author":"Levine","year":"1991","journal-title":"Postgrad Med"},{"key":"10.1067\/mmt.2000.108816_bib10","first-page":"401","article-title":"Reflex sympathetic dystrophy syndrome: a review","volume":"10","author":"Kozin","year":"1992","journal-title":"Clin Exp Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1067\/mmt.2000.108816_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"601","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.bmb.a072495","article-title":"Management of sympathetic pain","volume":"47","author":"Charlton","year":"1991","journal-title":"Br Med Bull"},{"key":"10.1067\/mmt.2000.108816_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.3810\/pgm.1997.04.202","article-title":"Reflex sympathetic dystrophy: timely diagnosis and treatment can prevent severe contracture","volume":"101","author":"Lopez","year":"1997","journal-title":"Postgrad Med"},{"key":"10.1067\/mmt.2000.108816_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1148\/117.1.21","article-title":"The reflex sympathetic dystrophy syndrome: a comprehensive analysis using fine-detail radiography, photon absorptiometry and bone and joint scintigraphy","volume":"117","author":"Genant","year":"1975","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"10.1067\/mmt.2000.108816_bib14","first-page":"141","article-title":"Causalgia and other reflex sympathetic dystrophies","volume":"3","author":"Bonica","year":"1979","journal-title":"Adv Pain Res Ther"},{"key":"10.1067\/mmt.2000.108816_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1097\/00002508-199403000-00010","article-title":"Stability of temperature asymmetries in reflex sympathetic dystrophy over time and changes in pain","volume":"10","author":"Sherman","year":"1994","journal-title":"Clin J Pain"},{"key":"10.1067\/mmt.2000.108816_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-198608000-00036","article-title":"Reflex sympathetic dystrophy of the knee","volume":"209","author":"Tietjen","year":"1986","journal-title":"Clin Orthop"},{"key":"10.1067\/mmt.2000.108816_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1125","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(91)91974-Y","article-title":"Does failed natural opioid modulation in regional sympathetic ganglia cause reflex sympathetic dystrophy?","volume":"338","author":"Hannington-Kiff","year":"1991","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1067\/mmt.2000.108816_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1097\/00002508-199212000-00012","article-title":"Reflex sympathetic dystrophy: a disease of medical understanding","volume":"8","author":"Ochoa","year":"1992","journal-title":"Clin J Pain"},{"key":"10.1067\/mmt.2000.108816_bib19","first-page":"210","article-title":"Clinical signs and symptoms of acute reflex sympathetic dystrophy in one hindlimb of the rat, induced by infusion of a free-radical donor","volume":"64","author":"van der Lann","year":"1998","journal-title":"Acta Orthop Belg"},{"key":"10.1067\/mmt.2000.108816_bib20","first-page":"445","article-title":"Role of neuropeptides in pathogenesis of reflex sympathetic dystrophy","volume":"64","author":"Blair","year":"1998","journal-title":"Acta Orthop Belg"},{"key":"10.1067\/mmt.2000.108816_bib21","first-page":"441","article-title":"Neurogenic inflammation and reflex sympathetic dystrophy (in vivo and in vitro assessment in an experimental model)","volume":"64","author":"Daemen","year":"1998","journal-title":"Acta Orthop Belg"},{"key":"10.1067\/mmt.2000.108816_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2025","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/114.5.2025","article-title":"Reflex sympathetic dystrophy: the significance of differing plasma catecholamine concentrations in affected and unaffected limbs","volume":"114","author":"Drummond","year":"1991","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"10.1067\/mmt.2000.108816_bib23","first-page":"371","article-title":"Causalgia: sympathetically-aggravated chronic pain from damaged nerves","volume":"7","author":"Perl","year":"1993","journal-title":"Pain (Clin Update)"},{"issue":"Suppl","key":"10.1067\/mmt.2000.108816_bib24","first-page":"252","article-title":"Personality of patients with Sudeck's atrophy following tibial fracture","volume":"58","author":"De Vilder","year":"1992","journal-title":"Acta Orthop Belg"},{"key":"10.1067\/mmt.2000.108816_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1549","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-9993(98)90418-X","article-title":"Reflex sympathetic dystrophy: is the immune system involved?","volume":"79","author":"Ribbers","year":"1998","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"key":"10.1067\/mmt.2000.108816_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-510X(97)00078-6","article-title":"Long-term outcome following sympathectomy for complex regional pain syndrome type I (RSD)","volume":"159","author":"Schwartzman","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Neurol Sci"},{"key":"10.1067\/mmt.2000.108816_bib27","first-page":"1","article-title":"Therapeutic approaches to reflex sympathetic dystrophy of the upper extremity","volume":"1","author":"Lewis","year":"1985","journal-title":"Clin Issues Reg Anesth"},{"key":"10.1067\/mmt.2000.108816_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1645","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.310.6995.1645","article-title":"Fortnightly review. Reflex sympathetic dystrophy","volume":"310","author":"Paice","year":"1995","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1067\/mmt.2000.108816_bib29","first-page":"452","article-title":"Results of the treatment of posttraumatic reflex sympathetic dystrophy of the upper extremity with regional intravenous blocks of methlyprednisolone and lidocaine","volume":"64","author":"Zyluk","year":"1998","journal-title":"Acta Orthop Belg"},{"key":"10.1067\/mmt.2000.108816_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1097\/00002508-199903000-00010","article-title":"Subcutaneous infusion of lidocaine provides effective pain relief for CRPS patients","volume":"15","author":"Linchitz","year":"1999","journal-title":"Clin J Pain"},{"key":"10.1067\/mmt.2000.108816_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1097\/00002508-198909000-00002","article-title":"A comparison of regional intravenous guanethidine and reserpine in reflex sympathetic dystrophy. A controlled, randomized, double-blind crossover study","volume":"5","author":"Rocco","year":"1989","journal-title":"Clin J Pain"},{"key":"10.1067\/mmt.2000.108816_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"818","DOI":"10.1213\/00000539-199206000-00007","article-title":"Intravenous regional bretylium and lidocaine for treatment of reflex sympathetic dystrophy: randomized, double-blind study","volume":"74","author":"Hord","year":"1992","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"key":"10.1067\/mmt.2000.108816_bib33","first-page":"351","article-title":"L'algodystrophie du pied. A propos de 199 observations","volume":"57","author":"Eulry","year":"1990","journal-title":"Rev Rhum"},{"key":"10.1067\/mmt.2000.108816_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02206656","article-title":"Regional intravenous guanethidine blocks in algodystrophy","volume":"10","author":"Eulry","year":"1991","journal-title":"Clin Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1067\/mmt.2000.108816_bib35","first-page":"102","article-title":"The calcitonin treatment of patients with algodystrophy","volume":"29","author":"Solarova","year":"1990","journal-title":"Vutreshni Bolesti"},{"key":"10.1067\/mmt.2000.108816_bib36","first-page":"225","article-title":"RSD in children","volume":"258","author":"Dietz","year":"1989","journal-title":"Clin Orthop"},{"key":"10.1067\/mmt.2000.108816_bib37","first-page":"146","article-title":"Sympathetic reflex dystrophy. Effectiveness of physical therapy treatment of Sudeck's syndrome","volume":"110","author":"Fialka","year":"1992","journal-title":"Fortschr Med"},{"key":"10.1067\/mmt.2000.108816_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-198906000-00012","article-title":"Reflex sympathetic dystrophy of the lower extremity","volume":"243","author":"Seale","year":"1989","journal-title":"Clin Orthop"},{"key":"10.1067\/mmt.2000.108816_bib39","first-page":"356","article-title":"New methods of achieving pain control with transcutaneous electrical stimulation","volume":"26","author":"Steig","year":"1976","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1067\/mmt.2000.108816_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-197611000-00024","article-title":"Increased sympathetic tone associated with transcutaneous electrical stimulation","volume":"45","author":"Abram","year":"1976","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"10.1067\/mmt.2000.108816_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-131-6-199909210-00003","article-title":"Use of complementary therapies for arthritis among patients of rheumatologists","volume":"131","author":"Rao","year":"1999","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1067\/mmt.2000.108816_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"626","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.52.3.626","article-title":"Utilization of unconventional treatments by persons with MS: is it alternative or complementary?","volume":"52","author":"Schwartz","year":"1999","journal-title":"Neurololy"},{"key":"10.1067\/mmt.2000.108816_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"294","DOI":"10.1345\/aph.18320","article-title":"Nonprescription and alternative medication use by individuals with HIV disease","volume":"33","author":"Smith","year":"1999","journal-title":"Ann Pharmacother"},{"key":"10.1067\/mmt.2000.108816_bib44","first-page":"45","article-title":"Effect of qigong on late-stage complex regional pain syndrome","volume":"5","author":"Wu","year":"1999","journal-title":"Altern Ther Health Med"},{"key":"10.1067\/mmt.2000.108816_bib45","first-page":"238","article-title":"Changes in vasomotor reflexes in painful vertebrogenic syndromes","volume":"10","author":"Figar","year":"1964","journal-title":"Rev Czech Med"},{"key":"10.1067\/mmt.2000.108816_bib46","first-page":"70","article-title":"The analysis of disorders of vasomotor reactions in lumbosacral syndromes","volume":"21","author":"Stary","year":"1965","journal-title":"Acta Univ Carol [Med] (Praha)"},{"key":"10.1067\/mmt.2000.108816_bib47","first-page":"17","article-title":"The role of plethysmography in the chiropractic management of costo-clavicular syndromes: review of principles and case report","volume":"5","author":"Vernon","year":"1982","journal-title":"J Manipulative Physiol Ther"},{"key":"10.1067\/mmt.2000.108816_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1097\/00005373-199801000-00027","article-title":"Treatment of chronic regional pain syndrome using manipulation therapy and regional anesthesia","volume":"44","author":"Muramatsu","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Trauma"},{"key":"10.1067\/mmt.2000.108816_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.7556\/jaoa.1997.97.5.286","article-title":"Osteopathic medical considerations of reflex sympathetic dystrophy","volume":"97","author":"Nelson","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Am Osteopath Assoc"},{"key":"10.1067\/mmt.2000.108816_bib50","first-page":"39","article-title":"Functiodal vasomotor hemi-paresthesia syndrome. Academy of applied osteopathy 1970 yearbook","author":"Larson","year":"1970"},{"key":"10.1067\/mmt.2000.108816_bib51","first-page":"62","article-title":"A study of the response of uncomplicated peripheral sensory disturbances to specific osteopathic manipulative treatment","volume":"72","author":"Larson","year":"1972","journal-title":"J Am Osteopath Assoc"},{"key":"10.1067\/mmt.2000.108816_bib52","first-page":"76","article-title":"Thermographic studies of skin temperature in patients receiving osteopathic manipulative treatment for peripheral nerve problems","volume":"84","author":"Kappler","year":"1984","journal-title":"J Am Osteopath Assoc"}],"container-title":["Journal of Manipulative and Physiological Therapeutics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0161475400795637?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0161475400795637?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,23]],"date-time":"2026-07-23T08:49:25Z","timestamp":1784796565000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/jmpt.kglmeridian.com\/doi\/10.1067\/mmt.2000.108816"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2000,9]]},"references-count":52,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2000,9]]}},"alternative-id":["S0161475400795637"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1067\/mmt.2000.108816","relation":{},"ISSN":["0161-4754"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0161-4754","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2000,9]]}}}