{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,10]],"date-time":"2026-06-10T07:51:36Z","timestamp":1781077896839,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2002,10,1]],"date-time":"2002-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1033430400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,10]]},"DOI":"10.1067\/mob.2002.128085","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,11,5]],"date-time":"2002-11-05T08:49:19Z","timestamp":1036486159000},"page":"981-983","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":42,"title":["Informed consent and birth: Protecting the pelvic floor and ourselves"],"prefix":"10.1067","volume":"187","author":[{"given":"Amy L.","family":"O'Boyle","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gary D.","family":"Davis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Byron C.","family":"Calhoun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1067\/mob.2002.128085_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"731","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.1996.tb09864.x","article-title":"Preserving the pelvic floor and perineum during childbirth-elective caesarean?","volume":"103","author":"Sultan","year":"1996","journal-title":"Br J Obstet Gynaecol"},{"key":"10.1067\/mob.2002.128085_bib2","first-page":"575","article-title":"The pelvic floor sequelae of childbirth","volume":"55","author":"Sultan","year":"1996","journal-title":"Br J Hosp Med"},{"key":"10.1067\/mob.2002.128085_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"470","DOI":"10.1016\/0029-7844(96)00151-2","article-title":"Protecting the pelvic floor: obstetric management to prevent incontinence and pelvic organ prolapse","volume":"88","author":"Handa","year":"1996","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1067\/mob.2002.128085_bib4","first-page":"119","article-title":"Long-term complications of the second stage of labor","author":"Devine","year":"1999","journal-title":"Contemp OB\/GYN"},{"key":"10.1067\/mob.2002.128085_bib5","first-page":"18","article-title":"Identifying and managing anal sphincter injury","author":"DeLancy","year":"2000","journal-title":"OBG Manage"},{"key":"10.1067\/mob.2002.128085_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.89.2.209","article-title":"Prevalent urinary incontinence as a correlate of pregnancy, vaginal birth, and obstetric techniques","volume":"89","author":"Foldspang","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am J Public Health"},{"key":"10.1067\/mob.2002.128085_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"579","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.1997.tb11536.x","article-title":"Epidemiology of genital prolapse: observations from the Oxford family planning association study","volume":"104","author":"Mant","year":"1997","journal-title":"Br J Obstet Gynaecol"},{"key":"10.1067\/mob.2002.128085_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1067\/mob.2000.107583","article-title":"The distribution of pelvic organ support in a population of female subjects seen for routine gynecologic health care","volume":"183","author":"Swift","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1067\/mob.2002.128085_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-7292(00)00327-1","article-title":"The risk of urinary incontinence of parous women who delivered only by cesarean section","volume":"72","author":"Faundes","year":"2001","journal-title":"Int J Gynecol Obstet"},{"key":"10.1067\/mob.2002.128085_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1358","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.1800771213","article-title":"Effect of vaginal delivery on the pelvic floor: a 5-year follow-up","volume":"77","author":"Snooks","year":"1990","journal-title":"Br J Surg"},{"key":"10.1067\/mob.2002.128085_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1259\/0007-1285-64-759-225","article-title":"Unsuspected sphincter damage following childbirth revealed by anal endosonography","volume":"64","author":"Burnett","year":"1991","journal-title":"Br J Radiol"},{"key":"10.1067\/mob.2002.128085_bib12","first-page":"263","article-title":"Anal sphincter trauma during instrumental delivery","volume":"43","author":"Sultan","year":"1993","journal-title":"In J Gynecol Obstet"},{"key":"10.1067\/mob.2002.128085_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.1994.tb13005.x","article-title":"Pudendal nerve damage during labor: prospective study before and after childbirth","volume":"101","author":"Sultan","year":"1994","journal-title":"Br J Obstet Gynaecol"},{"key":"10.1067\/mob.2002.128085_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1905","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199312233292601","article-title":"Anal-sphincter disruption during vaginal delivery","volume":"329","author":"Sultan","year":"1993","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1067\/mob.2002.128085_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1034","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.1996.tb09557.x","article-title":"Anal and urinary incontinence in women with obstetric anal sphincter rupture","volume":"103","author":"Tetzschner","year":"1996","journal-title":"Br J Obstet Gynaecol"},{"key":"10.1067\/mob.2002.128085_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1537","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02236202","article-title":"Obstetric anal sphincter injury: prospective evaluation of incidence","volume":"42","author":"Varma","year":"1999","journal-title":"Dis Colon Rectum"},{"key":"10.1067\/mob.2002.128085_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1244","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02234778","article-title":"Anal sphincter injury after vaginal delivery in primiparous females","volume":"44","author":"Belmonte-Montes","year":"2001","journal-title":"Dis Colon Rectum"},{"key":"10.1067\/mob.2002.128085_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2168.1998.00693.x","article-title":"Management of faecal incontinence following obstetric injury","volume":"85","author":"Cook","year":"1998","journal-title":"Br J Surg"},{"key":"10.1067\/mob.2002.128085_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1002","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199204093261507","article-title":"Fecal incontinence","volume":"326","author":"Madroff","year":"1992","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1067\/mob.2002.128085_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"770","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.1990.tb02570.x","article-title":"Pelvic floor damage and childbirth: a neurophysiological study","volume":"97","author":"Allen","year":"1990","journal-title":"Br J Obstet Gynaecol"},{"key":"10.1067\/mob.2002.128085_bib21","first-page":"216","article-title":"The prevalence of faecal and double incontinence","volume":"6","author":"Thomas","year":"1984","journal-title":"Commun Med"},{"key":"10.1067\/mob.2002.128085_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1007\/PL00004031","article-title":"Prevalence of anal incontinence and other anorectal symptoms in women","volume":"12","author":"Faltin","year":"2001","journal-title":"Int Urogynecol J"},{"key":"10.1067\/mob.2002.128085_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"730","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(94)92213-6","article-title":"Obstetric damage and faecal incontinence","volume":"344","author":"Kamm","year":"1994","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1067\/mob.2002.128085_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.1800810349","article-title":"Anal endosonography for identifying sphincter defects confirmed histologically","volume":"81","author":"Sultan","year":"1994","journal-title":"Br J Surg"},{"key":"10.1067\/mob.2002.128085_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1259\/0007-1285-69-817-6","article-title":"External anal sphincter defects: correlation between pre-operative anal endosonography and intraoperative findings","volume":"69","author":"Romano","year":"1996","journal-title":"Br J Radiol"},{"key":"10.1067\/mob.2002.128085_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"322","DOI":"10.1097\/00006254-198306000-00003","article-title":"Benefits and risks of episiotomy: an interpretive review of the English language literature, 1860-1980","volume":"38","author":"Thacker","year":"1983","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol Surv"},{"key":"10.1067\/mob.2002.128085_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"685","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.34.5.685","article-title":"The prevalence of anal sphincter defects in faecal incontinence: a prospective endosonic study","volume":"34","author":"Deen","year":"1993","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1067\/mob.2002.128085_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.37.1.4","article-title":"Anal endosonography in faecal incontinence","volume":"37","author":"Bartram","year":"1995","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1067\/mob.2002.128085_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1206","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02048338","article-title":"Multiple vaginal deliveries increase the risk of permanent incontinence of flatus and urine in normal premenopausal women","volume":"38","author":"Ryhammer","year":"1995","journal-title":"Dis Colon Rectum"},{"key":"10.1067\/mob.2002.128085_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"983","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(98)11205-9","article-title":"Effect of second vaginal delivery on anorectal physiology and fecal continence: a prospective study","volume":"354","author":"Fynes","year":"1999","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1067\/mob.2002.128085_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"684","DOI":"10.1016\/S0306-5456(00)00185-6","article-title":"Does a second delivery increase the risk of anal incontinence?","volume":"108","author":"Faltin","year":"2001","journal-title":"Br J Obstet Gynaecol"},{"key":"10.1067\/mob.2002.128085_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"887","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.308.6933.887","article-title":"Third degree obstetric anal sphincter tears: risk factors and outcomes of primary repair","volume":"308","author":"Sultan","year":"1994","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1067\/mob.2002.128085_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"678","DOI":"10.1016\/S0306-5456(00)00183-2","article-title":"Obstetric practice and faecal incontinence three months after delivery","volume":"108","author":"MacArthur","year":"2001","journal-title":"Br J Obstet Gynaecol"},{"key":"10.1067\/mob.2002.128085_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"496","DOI":"10.1016\/S0029-7844(98)00256-7","article-title":"Cesarean delivery and anal sphincter injury","volume":"92","author":"Fynes","year":"1998","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1067\/mob.2002.128085_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"408","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.1980.tb04569.x","article-title":"A comparison between midline and mediolateral episiotomies","volume":"87","author":"Coats","year":"1980","journal-title":"Br J Obstet Gynaecol"},{"key":"10.1067\/mob.2002.128085_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1220","DOI":"10.1067\/mob.2000.108880","article-title":"A randomized clinical trial comparing primary overlap with approximation repair of third-degree obstetric tears","volume":"183","author":"Fitzpatrick","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"}],"container-title":["American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S000293780200282X?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S000293780200282X?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,4]],"date-time":"2019-04-04T19:50:12Z","timestamp":1554407412000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S000293780200282X"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2002,10]]},"references-count":36,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,10]]}},"alternative-id":["S000293780200282X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1067\/mob.2002.128085","relation":{},"ISSN":["0002-9378"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0002-9378","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2002,10]]}}}