{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,24]],"date-time":"2026-01-24T07:00:58Z","timestamp":1769238058740,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2003,3,1]],"date-time":"2003-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1046476800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["The Journal of Pediatrics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,3]]},"DOI":"10.1067\/mpd.2003.116","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,3,26]],"date-time":"2003-03-26T02:25:50Z","timestamp":1048645550000},"page":"297-304","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":84,"title":["Vitamin A supplementation and childhood morbidity from diarrhea and respiratory infections: A meta-analysis"],"prefix":"10.1067","volume":"142","author":[{"given":"Itamar","family":"Grotto","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marc","family":"Mimouni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Gdalevich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Mimouni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1067\/mpd.2003.116_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"691","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.2.3537.691","article-title":"Vitamin A as an anti-infective agent","volume":"3","author":"Green","year":"1928","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1067\/mpd.2003.116_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"708","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.2.3745.708","article-title":"Intensive vitamin therapy in measles","volume":"2","author":"Ellison","year":"1932","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1067\/mpd.2003.116_bib3","series-title":"Nutritional blindness: Xerophthalmia and keratomalacia","author":"Sommer","year":"1982"},{"key":"10.1067\/mpd.2003.116_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1169","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(86)91157-8","article-title":"Impact of vitamin A supplementation on childhood mortality: A randomized controlled trial","volume":"1","author":"Sommer","year":"1986","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1067\/mpd.2003.116_bib5","series-title":"ACC\/SCN State-of-the-Art Series, Nutrition Policy Discussion Paper No. 13. United Nations, Geneva, Switzerland","article-title":"Effectiveness of vitamin A supplementation in the control of young child morbidity and mortality in developing countries","author":"Beaton","year":"1993"},{"key":"10.1067\/mpd.2003.116_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"366","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.306.6874.366","article-title":"Vitamin A supplementation in infectious diseases: A meta-analysis","volume":"306","author":"Glasziou","year":"1993","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1067\/mpd.2003.116_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"898","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1993.03500070078033","article-title":"Vitamin A supplementation and child mortality: A meta-analysis","volume":"269","author":"Fawzi","year":"1993","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1067\/mpd.2003.116_bib8","first-page":"609","article-title":"Potential interventions for the prevention of childhood pneumonia in developing countries: A meta-analysis of data from field trials to assess the impact of vitamin A supplementation on pneumonia morbidity and mortality","volume":"73","author":"Vitamin","year":"1995","journal-title":"Bull World Health Organ"},{"key":"10.1067\/mpd.2003.116_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(93)91671-8","article-title":"Vitamin A and childhood mortality","volume":"342","author":"Latham","year":"1993","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1067\/mpd.2003.116_bib10","first-page":"CD000501","article-title":"Vitamin A supplementation for preventing morbidity and mortality in very low birthweight infants","volume":"2","author":"Darlow","year":"2000","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"10.1067\/mpd.2003.116_bib11","first-page":"95","article-title":"Vitamin A status in children who are prone to respiratory tract infections","volume":"22","author":"Pinnock","year":"1986","journal-title":"Aust Paediatr J"},{"key":"10.1067\/mpd.2003.116_bib12","first-page":"286","article-title":"Vitamin A status of children with a history of respiratory syncytial virus infection in infancy","volume":"24","author":"Pinnock","year":"1988","journal-title":"Aust Paediatr J"},{"key":"10.1067\/mpd.2003.116_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1342","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(90)92895-O","article-title":"Effect of massive dose vitamin A on morbidity and mortality in Indian children","volume":"336","author":"Vijayaraghavan","year":"1990","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1067\/mpd.2003.116_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"332","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a115502","article-title":"Mild vitamin A deficiency and risk of respiratory tract diseases and diarrhoea in preschool and school children in northeastern Thailand","volume":"131","author":"Bloem","year":"1990","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1067\/mpd.2003.116_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1654","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.81.12.1654","article-title":"The impact of vitamin A supplementation on morbidity: A randomized community intervention trial","volume":"81","author":"Abdeljaber","year":"1991","journal-title":"Am J Public Health"},{"key":"10.1067\/mpd.2003.116_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"568","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/54.3.568","article-title":"Diarrhoea, respiratory infections, and growth are not affected by a weekly low-dose vitamin A supplement: A masked, controlled field trial in children in southern India","volume":"54","author":"Rahmathulla","year":"1991","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"10.1067\/mpd.2003.116_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(93)91879-Q","article-title":"Vitamin A supplementation in northern Ghana: Effects on clinic attendances, hospital admissions, and child mortality","volume":"342","author":"Ghana VAST Study Team","year":"1993","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1067\/mpd.2003.116_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(92)91677-Z","article-title":"Impact of vitamin A supplementation on childhood morbidity in northern Ghana","volume":"339","author":"Arthur","year":"1992","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1067\/mpd.2003.116_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"578","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(93)91410-N","article-title":"Vitamin A supplementation and increased prevalence of childhood diarrhoea and acute respiratory infections","volume":"342","author":"Stansfield","year":"1993","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1067\/mpd.2003.116_bib20","first-page":"88","article-title":"Impact of large-dose vitamin A supplementation on childhood diarrhoea, respiratory disease and growth","volume":"47","author":"Lie","year":"1993","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"10.1067\/mpd.2003.116_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1404","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.309.6966.1404","article-title":"Impact of massive dose of vitamin A given to preschool children with acute diarrhoea on subsequent respiratory and diarrhoeal morbidity","volume":"309","author":"Bhandari","year":"1994","journal-title":"Br Med J"},{"key":"10.1067\/mpd.2003.116_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(94)92998-X","article-title":"Effect of vitamin A supplementation on diarrhoea and acute lower-respiratory-tract infections in young children in Brazil","volume":"344","author":"Barreto","year":"1994","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1067\/mpd.2003.116_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01717453","article-title":"Effect of vitamin A supplementation on diarrhoea and acute respiratory tract infection in children: A double blind placebo controlled trial in a Calcutta slum community","volume":"10","author":"Biswas","year":"1994","journal-title":"Eur J Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1067\/mpd.2003.116_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.1016\/0962-8479(95)90535-9","article-title":"Plasma retinol level, vitamin A supplementation and acute respiratory infections in children of 1-5 years old in a developing country: Respiratory Diseases Working Group","volume":"76","author":"Kartasasmita","year":"1995","journal-title":"Tuber Lung Dis"},{"key":"10.1067\/mpd.2003.116_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1246","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.85.9.1246","article-title":"Child morbidity and mortality following vitamin A supplementation in Ghana: Time since dosing, number of doses, and time of year","volume":"85","author":"Ross","year":"1995","journal-title":"Am J Public Health"},{"key":"10.1067\/mpd.2003.116_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1076","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.85.8_Pt_1.1076","article-title":"The effects of vitamin A supplementation on the morbidity of children born to HIV-infected women","volume":"85","author":"Coutsoudis","year":"1995","journal-title":"Am J Public Health"},{"key":"10.1067\/mpd.2003.116_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"434","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/62.2.434","article-title":"Vitamin A supplementation, morbidity, and serum acute0phase proteins in young Ghanaian children","volume":"62","author":"Filteau","year":"1995","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"10.1067\/mpd.2003.116_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1295","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/61.6.1295","article-title":"Vitamin A supplementation and morbidity among preschool children in south India","volume":"61","author":"Ramakrishnan","year":"1995","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"10.1067\/mpd.2003.116_bib29","first-page":"1211","article-title":"Dietary vitamin A intake and the incidence of diarrhoea and respiratory infection among Sudanese children","volume":"125","author":"Fawzi","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Nutr"},{"key":"10.1067\/mpd.2003.116_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(96)70359-1","article-title":"Impact of neonatal vitamin A supplementation on infant morbidity and mortality","volume":"128","author":"Humphrey","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"10.1067\/mpd.2003.116_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"628","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/126.3.628","article-title":"Acute raspatory infections prevent improvement of vitamin A status in young infants supplemented with vitamin A","volume":"126","author":"Rahman","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Nutr"},{"key":"10.1067\/mpd.2003.116_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"434","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/126.2.434","article-title":"Vitamin A supplementation fails to reduce incidence of acute respiratory illness and diarrhoea in preschool-age Indonesian children","volume":"126","author":"Dibley","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Nutr"},{"key":"10.1067\/mpd.2003.116_bib33","first-page":"533","article-title":"Impact of nutrition, education and mega-dose vitamin A supplementation on the health of children in Nepal","volume":"74","author":"Pant","year":"1996","journal-title":"Bull World Health Organ"},{"key":"10.1067\/mpd.2003.116_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1254","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/68.6.1254","article-title":"Randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial of the effect of a single high dose or daily low doses of vitamin A on the morbidity of hospitalized, malnourished children","volume":"68","author":"Donnen","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"10.1067\/mpd.2003.116_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"661","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-3156.1998.00259.x","article-title":"The impact of vitamin A supplementation given during a pneumonia episode on the subsequent morbidity of children","volume":"3","author":"Nacul","year":"1998","journal-title":"Trop Med Int Health"},{"key":"10.1067\/mpd.2003.116_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.104.1.e1","article-title":"The beneficial effects of weekly low-dose vitamin A supplementation on acute lower respiratory infections and diarrhoea in Ecuadorian children","volume":"104","author":"Sempertegui","year":"1999","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1067\/mpd.2003.116_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"660","DOI":"10.1067\/mpd.2000.110136","article-title":"Vitamin A supplements and diarrheal and respiratory tract infections among children in Dar es Salam, Tanzania","volume":"137","author":"Fawzi","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"10.1067\/mpd.2003.116_bib38","first-page":"730","article-title":"Effect of vitamin A supplementation on morbidity of low-birth-weight neonates","volume":"90","author":"Coutsoudis","year":"2000","journal-title":"S Afr Med J"},{"key":"10.1067\/mpd.2003.116_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/0197-2456(81)90056-8","article-title":"A method for assessing the quality of a randomized control trial","volume":"2","author":"Chalmers","year":"1981","journal-title":"Control Clin Trials"},{"key":"10.1067\/mpd.2003.116_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/13.1.112","article-title":"Elementary methods of cohort analysis","volume":"13","author":"Breslow","year":"1984","journal-title":"Int J Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1067\/mpd.2003.116_bib41","series-title":"Statistical methods for rates and proportions","first-page":"212","article-title":"The measurement of interrater agreement.","author":"Fleiss","year":"1981"},{"key":"10.1067\/mpd.2003.116_bib42","series-title":"Epidemiologic research","first-page":"321","article-title":"Stratified analysis.","author":"Kleinbaum","year":"1982"},{"key":"10.1067\/mpd.2003.116_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1016\/0197-2456(86)90046-2","article-title":"Meta-analysis in clinical trials","volume":"7","author":"DerSimonian","year":"1986","journal-title":"Control Clin Trials"},{"key":"10.1067\/mpd.2003.116_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1016\/0895-4356(92)90085-2","article-title":"Incorporating variations in the quality of individual randomized trials into meta-analysis","volume":"45","author":"Detsky","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1067\/mpd.2003.116_bib45","series-title":"Computer Programs for Epidemiologists: PEPI","author":"Abramson","year":"1999"},{"key":"10.1067\/mpd.2003.116_bib46","first-page":"21","article-title":"A randomized controlled trial of vitamin a supplementation in acute diarrhoea","volume":"32","author":"Dewan","year":"1995","journal-title":"Indian Pediatr"},{"key":"10.1067\/mpd.2003.116_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"422","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.316.7129.422","article-title":"Single dose vitamin A treatment in acute shigellosis in Bangladesh children: Randomised double blind controlled trial","volume":"316","author":"Houssain","year":"1998","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1067\/mpd.2003.116_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"827","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/46.5.827","article-title":"Mild vitamin A deficiency and childhood morbidity\u2014an Indian experience","volume":"46","author":"Milton","year":"1987","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"10.1067\/mpd.2003.116_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/39.1.87","article-title":"Malnutrition is a determining factor in diarrhoeal duration, but not incidence, among young children in a longitudinal study in rural Bangladesh","volume":"39","author":"Black","year":"1984","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"10.1067\/mpd.2003.116_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"753","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.42.6.753","article-title":"Tissue change following deprivation of fat-soluble vitamin A","volume":"42","author":"Wolbach","year":"1925","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"10.1067\/mpd.2003.116_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1090","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/40.5.1090","article-title":"Increased risk of respiratory disease and diarrhoea in children with preexisting mild vitamin A deficiency","volume":"40","author":"Sommer","year":"1984","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"10.1067\/mpd.2003.116_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"294","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.294.6567.294","article-title":"Vitamin A supplements and mortality related to measles: A randomised clinical trial","volume":"294","author":"Barclay","year":"1987","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1067\/mpd.2003.116_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199007193230304","article-title":"A randomized, controlled trial of vitamin A in children with severe measles","volume":"323","author":"Hussey","year":"1990","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1067\/mpd.2003.116_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"790","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/119.5.790","article-title":"Antigen-specific immune response impairment in the chick as influence by dietary vitamin A","volume":"119","author":"Friedman","year":"1989","journal-title":"J Nutr"},{"key":"10.1067\/mpd.2003.116_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/121.3.395","article-title":"Decreased resistance and immune response to Escherichia coli infection in chicks with low or high intakes of vitamin A","volume":"121","author":"Friedman","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Nutr"},{"key":"10.1067\/mpd.2003.116_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"857","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/55.4.857","article-title":"Evaluation of vitamin A absorption by using oil-soluble and water-miscible vitamin A preparations in normal adults and in patients with gastrointestinal disease","volume":"55","author":"Johnson","year":"1992","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"10.1067\/mpd.2003.116_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"807","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(95)70416-7","article-title":"Clinical trial of vitamin A as adjuvant treatment for lower respiratory tract infections","volume":"126","author":"Kjolhede","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"10.1067\/mpd.2003.116_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"777","DOI":"10.1097\/00006454-199609000-00008","article-title":"Vitamin A therapy for children with respiratory syncytial virus infection: A multicenter trial in the United States","volume":"15","author":"Bresee","year":"1996","journal-title":"Pediatr Infect Dis J"},{"key":"10.1067\/mpd.2003.116_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.315.7107.505","article-title":"Randomised, double blind, placebo controlled clinical trial of efficacy of vitamin A treatment in non-measles childhood pneumonia","volume":"315","author":"Nacul","year":"1997","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1067\/mpd.2003.116_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/68.1.187","article-title":"Vitamin A supplementation and severity of pneumonia in children admitted to the hospital in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania","volume":"68","author":"Fawzi","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"10.1067\/mpd.2003.116_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e3","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.101.5.e3","article-title":"Adverse effects of high-dose vitamin A supplements in children hospitalized with pneumonia","volume":"101","author":"Stephensen","year":"1998","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1067\/mpd.2003.116_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1177\/156482658801000315","article-title":"Distribution of vitamin-A capsules for the prevention and control of vitamin-A deficiency in Bangladesh","volume":"10","author":"Darnton-Hill","year":"1988","journal-title":"Food Nutr Bull"}],"container-title":["The Journal of Pediatrics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0022347602403666?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0022347602403666?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,18]],"date-time":"2020-03-18T00:31:18Z","timestamp":1584491478000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0022347602403666"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2003,3]]},"references-count":62,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,3]]}},"alternative-id":["S0022347602403666"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1067\/mpd.2003.116","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-3476"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-3476","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2003,3]]}}}