{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,9]],"date-time":"2026-06-09T15:01:08Z","timestamp":1781017268658,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1988,7,1]],"date-time":"1988-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":583718400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Environ Plan A"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1988,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Migrational flows as recorded in the census are a heterogeneous mixture of sets of movements responding in quite different ways to area characteristics and to the friction of distance. To model such flows requires a multistream approach reflecting the principal options in the decision tree facing prospective residential or workplace movers. In this paper an existing three-stream model of migration is adopted and extended to provide a first representation of district\u2014district flows within Great Britain in 1980\u201381. The extended model incorporates an option for prospective migrants to choose commuting rather than a residential move after finding a new workplace, and employs a logistic function of distance in the regional or environmental stream where migrational opportunities tend not to be independent. Results are presented for the distribution of flows between local, regional, and national streams and for the geographical pattern of pushes and pulls in each.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1068\/a200907","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,10,12]],"date-time":"2006-10-12T12:16:46Z","timestamp":1160655406000},"page":"907-924","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Interdistrict Migration in Great Britain 1980\u201381: A Multistream Model with a Commuting option"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"I","family":"Gordon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Urban and Regional Studies Unit, University of Kent at Canterbury, Cornwallis Building, Canterbury, Kent CT2 7NF"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1988,7,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-a200907","first-page":"1483","volume":"19","author":"Amemiya T","year":"1981","journal-title":"Journal of Economic Literature"},{"key":"bibr2-a200907","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/490436"},{"key":"bibr3-a200907","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00420988320080321"},{"key":"bibr4-a200907","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09595238500185241"},{"key":"bibr5-a200907","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-9485.1975.tb00056.x"},{"key":"bibr6-a200907","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1068\/a140005"},{"key":"bibr7-a200907","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-349-10044-6_2"},{"key":"bibr8-a200907","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1068\/a140237"},{"key":"bibr9-a200907","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00420988520080691"},{"key":"bibr10-a200907","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01939874"},{"key":"bibr11-a200907","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00420988220080491"},{"key":"bibr12-a200907","volume-title":"\u201cOpportunities, preferences and constraints on population movement in the London region\u201d","author":"Gordon I R","year":"1983"},{"key":"bibr13-a200907","volume-title":"Applied Discrete Choice Modelling","author":"Hensher D A","year":"1981"},{"key":"bibr14-a200907","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1068\/a010105"},{"key":"bibr15-a200907","volume-title":"\u201cA reasonable theory of migration\u201d","author":"Hyman G M","year":"1976"},{"key":"bibr16-a200907","first-page":"105","volume-title":"Frontiers in Econometrics","author":"McFadden D","year":"1973"},{"key":"bibr17-a200907","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-9485.1982.tb00455.x"},{"key":"bibr18-a200907","volume-title":"\u201cA behavioural map of commuting distances in the London region\u201d","author":"Molho I I","year":"1986"},{"key":"bibr19-a200907","first-page":"205","volume-title":"Regional Labour Markets","author":"Saunders M N K","year":"1987"},{"key":"bibr20-a200907","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/030913258200600103"},{"key":"bibr21-a200907","volume-title":"Demographic Research and Spatial Policy","author":"Verster A C P","year":"1984"},{"key":"bibr22-a200907","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/03081068508717314"},{"key":"bibr23-a200907","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00420988420080021"},{"key":"bibr24-a200907","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/143226"}],"container-title":["Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1068\/a200907","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1068\/a200907","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T21:43:25Z","timestamp":1777412605000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1068\/a200907"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1988,7]]},"references-count":24,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1988,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1068\/a200907"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1068\/a200907","relation":{},"ISSN":["0308-518X","1472-3409"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0308-518X","type":"print"},{"value":"1472-3409","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1988,7]]}}}