{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]],"date-time":"2026-10-04T06:27:08Z","timestamp":1791095228136,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1997,2,1]],"date-time":"1997-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":854755200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Perception"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1997,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Phenomenally strong visual illusions are described in which the motion of an object\u2018s cast shadow determines the perceived 3-D trajectory of the object. Simply adjusting the motion of a shadow is sufficient to induce dramatically different apparent trajectories of the object casting the shadow. Psychophysical results obtained with the use of 3-D graphics are reported which show that: (i) the information provided by the motion of an object's shadow overrides other strong sources of information and perceptual biases, such as the assumption of constant object size and a general viewpoint; (ii) the natural constraint of shadow darkness plays a role in the interpretation of a moving image patch as a shadow, but under some conditions even unnatural light shadows can induce apparent motion in depth of an object; (iii) when shadow motion is caused by a moving light source, the visual system incorrectly interprets the shadow motion as consistent with a moving object, rather than a moving light source. The results support the hypothesis that the human visual system incorporates a stationary light-source constraint in the perceptual processing of spatial layout of scenes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1068\/p260171","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,1,23]],"date-time":"2007-01-23T10:36:13Z","timestamp":1169548573000},"page":"171-192","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":124,"title":["Moving Cast Shadows Induce Apparent Motion in Depth"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Daniel","family":"Kersten","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"N218 Elliott Hall, Psychology Department, University of Minnesota, 75 East River Road, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pascal","family":"Mamassian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"N218 Elliott Hall, Psychology Department, University of Minnesota, 75 East River Road, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David C","family":"Knill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"N218 Elliott Hall, Psychology Department, University of Minnesota, 75 East River Road, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1997,2,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-p260171","volume-title":"Art and Visual Perception","author":"Arnheim R","year":"1954"},{"key":"bibr2-p260171","first-page":"1741","volume":"35","author":"B\u00fclthoff I","year":"1994","journal-title":"Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science"},{"key":"bibr3-p260171","first-page":"S184","volume":"36","author":"Cavanagh P","year":"1995","journal-title":"Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual 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