{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T06:31:46Z","timestamp":1777876306464,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":69,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,4,1]],"date-time":"2007-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1175385600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Perception"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Extending the work of Corballis et al (1985, Cortex 21 225\u2013236), we investigated mental rotation of letters (experiment 1), and of letters and shapes (experiment 2) in normal readers and developmental dyslexics. Whereas the overall response times were equal for shapes in both groups, for letters they were slower in dyslexics. For letters as well as for shapes, however, the same mental-rotation effects were obtained between the groups. The results are interpreted as support for the notion of developmental dyslexia as a deficit in functional coordination between graphemic and phonological letter representations.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1068\/p5644","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,4,27]],"date-time":"2007-04-27T08:58:29Z","timestamp":1177664309000},"page":"617-631","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":41,"title":["Mental Rotation of Letters and Shapes in Developmental Dyslexia"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"36","author":[{"given":"Patrycja","family":"Rusiak","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychophysiology, Kazimierz Wielki University, PL 85-837 Bydgoszcz, Poland"},{"name":"Department of Psychology, University of Leipzig, D 04009 Leipzig, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Lachmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, University of Bamberg, Markusplatz 3, D 96045 Bamberg, Germany"},{"name":"Laboratory for Perceptual Dynamics, Brain Science Institute, Riken, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako-shi, Saitama 351-0198, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Piotr","family":"Jaskowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, University of L\u00fcbeck, D 23538 L\u00fcbeck, Germany"},{"name":"Department of Psychology, University of Finance and Management, Pawia 55, PL 01030 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cees","family":"van Leeuwen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory for Perceptual Dynamics, Brain Science Institute, Riken, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako-shi, Saitama 351-0198, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2007,4,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-p5644","volume-title":"Diagnostic and Statistical Manual on Mental Disorders","author":"American Psychiatric Association","year":"1994","edition":"4"},{"key":"bibr2-p5644","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.neuro.20.1.303"},{"key":"bibr3-p5644","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11881-005-0003-x"},{"key":"bibr4-p5644","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/002221948501800604"},{"key":"bibr5-p5644","first-page":"273","volume":"21","author":"Becker C","year":"2005","journal-title":"Cognitive Neuropsychology"},{"key":"bibr6-p5644","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8749.1973.tb05180.x"},{"key":"bibr7-p5644","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/271746a0"},{"key":"bibr8-p5644","volume-title":"Phonological Processes in Literacy: A Tribute to Isabelle Y Liberman","author":"Brady S A","year":"1991"},{"key":"bibr9-p5644","first-page":"308","volume-title":"Proceedings of the International Society for Psychophysics","author":"Brendler K","year":"2001"},{"key":"bibr10-p5644","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/122.10.1901"},{"key":"bibr11-p5644","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0142716400008389"},{"key":"bibr12-p5644","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/119.1.89"},{"key":"bibr13-p5644","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3758\/BF03198104"},{"key":"bibr14-p5644","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-170150-5.50009-3"},{"key":"bibr15-p5644","first-page":"57","volume-title":"Visual Processes in Reading and Reading Disabilities","author":"Corballis M C","year":"1993"},{"key":"bibr16-p5644","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0010-9452(85)80028-9"},{"key":"bibr17-p5644","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7610.1985.tb00607.x"},{"key":"bibr18-p5644","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0010-9452(78)80025-2"},{"key":"bibr19-p5644","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01688639108401082"},{"key":"bibr20-p5644","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4615-1011-6_2"},{"key":"bibr21-p5644","volume-title":"Uncertainty and Structure as Psychological Concepts","author":"Garner W R","year":"1962"},{"key":"bibr22-p5644","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004647-200106000-00005"},{"key":"bibr23-p5644","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/123.1.65"},{"key":"bibr24-p5644","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1162\/089892903321593054"},{"key":"bibr25-p5644","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.54.9.841"},{"key":"bibr26-p5644","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.55782\/ane-2005-1542","volume":"65","author":"Ja\u015bkowski P","year":"2005","journal-title":"Acta Neurobiologiae Experimentalis"},{"key":"bibr27-p5644","volume-title":"Podr\u0119cznik do Testu Matryc Ravena. Wersja dla Zaawansowanych","author":"Jaworowska A","year":"1992"},{"key":"bibr28-p5644","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/nimg.2000.0677"},{"key":"bibr29-p5644","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0010-0277(79)90008-8"},{"key":"bibr30-p5644","first-page":"105","volume-title":"Reading Development and Dyslexia","author":"Kibel M","year":"1994"},{"key":"bibr31-p5644","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1469-8986.3520151"},{"key":"bibr32-p5644","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4615-1011-6_11"},{"key":"bibr33-p5644","volume-title":"Political Foundations for the Diagnosis and the Educational Treatment of Children with Developmental Dyslexia","author":"Lachmann T","year":"2005"},{"key":"bibr34-p5644","first-page":"436","volume-title":"Proceedings of the International Society for Psychophysics","author":"Lachmann T","year":"2004"},{"key":"bibr35-p5644","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2004.11.005"},{"key":"bibr36-p5644","first-page":"53","volume":"45","author":"Lachmann T","year":"2003","journal-title":"Psychology Science"},{"key":"bibr37-p5644","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10339-004-0032-0"},{"key":"bibr38-p5644","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02724980443000584"},{"key":"bibr39-p5644","first-page":"67","volume":"31","author":"Lachmann T","year":"2006","journal-title":"Developmental Neuropsychology"},{"key":"bibr40-p5644","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0142716400002058"},{"key":"bibr41-p5644","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3758\/BF03194984"},{"key":"bibr42-p5644","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0010-9452(71)80009-6"},{"key":"bibr43-p5644","first-page":"37","volume":"1","author":"Miles E","year":"1995","journal-title":"Dyslexia"},{"key":"bibr44-p5644","volume-title":"Dyslexia: The Pattern of Difficulties","author":"Miles T R","year":"1993"},{"key":"bibr45-p5644","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0894-4105.17.3.362"},{"key":"bibr46-p5644","first-page":"81","volume":"25","author":"Ober J","year":"1998","journal-title":"Logopedia"},{"key":"bibr47-p5644","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archneurpsyc.1925.02200170002001"},{"key":"bibr48-p5644","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1928.02690410007003"},{"key":"bibr49-p5644","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/119.1.143"},{"key":"bibr50-p5644","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2044-8295.1983.tb01849.x"},{"key":"bibr51-p5644","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/drev.1993.1013"},{"key":"bibr52-p5644","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(74)92267-3"},{"key":"bibr53-p5644","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09297040490920168"},{"key":"bibr54-p5644","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0096-1523.21.3.552"},{"key":"bibr55-p5644","volume-title":"Lese- und Rechtschreibst\u00f6rung und Sprachwahrnehmung","author":"Schulte-K\u00f6rne G","year":"2001"},{"key":"bibr56-p5644","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1990.03450080084036"},{"key":"bibr57-p5644","volume-title":"Mental Images and Their Transformations","author":"Shepard R N","year":"1982"},{"key":"bibr58-p5644","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.171.3972.701"},{"key":"bibr59-p5644","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1127827"},{"key":"bibr60-p5644","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/dys.185"},{"key":"bibr61-p5644","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.1992.72.4.967"},{"key":"bibr62-p5644","first-page":"65","volume-title":"Dyslexia: Theory and Good Practice","author":"Stein J","year":"2001"},{"key":"bibr63-p5644","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/002221940203500304"},{"key":"bibr64-p5644","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.17763\/haer.47.3.u117j10167686115"},{"key":"bibr65-p5644","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/scientificamerican0387-34"},{"key":"bibr66-p5644","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.0021-9630.2003.00305.x"},{"key":"bibr67-p5644","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0010-9452(72)80030-3"},{"key":"bibr68-p5644","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0142716400008390"},{"key":"bibr69-p5644","first-page":"31","volume-title":"Visual Processes in Reading and Reading Disabilities","author":"Willows D M","year":"1993"}],"container-title":["Perception"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1068\/p5644","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1068\/p5644","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T22:19:42Z","timestamp":1777587582000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1068\/p5644"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2007,4]]},"references-count":69,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1068\/p5644"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1068\/p5644","relation":{},"ISSN":["0301-0066","1468-4233"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0301-0066","type":"print"},{"value":"1468-4233","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2007,4]]}}}