{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,8]],"date-time":"2026-01-08T17:34:40Z","timestamp":1767893680304,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,11,1]],"date-time":"2010-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1288569600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Environ Plan A"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:p> Urban mobility problems, such as congestion, have been threatening the quality of life, competitiveness, and sustainable development of urban areas. The need for an integrated approach to land use and transport in mobility management has been widely recognised. Accessibility measures are believed to provide a useful framework to support this integrated approach. Some of these measures can also reveal the mobility potential created by urban structures. This paper introduces the concept of structural accessibility and a new planning tool\u2014the Structural Accessibility Layer (SAL). This tool measures structural accessibility by comparing accessibility levels between different transport modes to a range of activities in a given territory. An application to Greater Oporto is developed in order to discuss the potential of SAL for planning practice. Results were assessed by a number of local experts discussing its applicability, robustness, and usefulness. This research produced sound evidence of the added value of the SAL in planning practice. Indeed, the SAL was found to deliver a good representation of location conditions for mobility providing interesting insights for policy design and for planning practice. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1068\/a42477","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,11,16]],"date-time":"2010-11-16T11:27:37Z","timestamp":1289906857000},"page":"2735-2752","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":54,"title":["The Structural Accessibility Layer (SAL): Revealing how Urban Structure Constrains Travel Choice"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"42","author":[{"given":"Cecilia","family":"Silva","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Engineering of Oporto University, Research Centre for Territory, Transport and Environment, Rua Dr Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Oporto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Paulo","family":"Pinho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Engineering of Oporto University, Research Centre for Territory, Transport and Environment, Rua Dr Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Oporto, Portugal"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,11,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-a42477","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4324\/9780203449462"},{"key":"bibr2-a42477","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3828\/tpr.65.4.d3609p1j47362224"},{"key":"bibr3-a42477","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tranpol.2005.01.006"},{"key":"bibr4-a42477","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2148\/benv.29.1.66.53948"},{"key":"bibr5-a42477","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1361-9209(97)00009-6"},{"key":"bibr6-a42477","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ewing R, Cervero R, 2001, \u201cTravel and the built environment\u201d Transportation Research Record number 1780, 87\u2013114.","DOI":"10.3141\/1780-10"},{"key":"bibr7-a42477","volume-title":"\u201cAccessibility measures: review and applications: evaluation of accessibility impacts of land-use\u2013transport scenarios, and related social and economic impacts\u201d","author":"Geurs K","year":"2001"},{"key":"bibr8-a42477","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtrangeo.2003.10.005"},{"key":"bibr9-a42477","volume-title":"\u201cSpatial diffusion\u201d","author":"Gould P","year":"1969"},{"key":"bibr10-a42477","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0967-070X(02)00017-3"},{"key":"bibr11-a42477","unstructured":"Halden D, McGuigan D, Nisbet A, McKinnon A, 2000, \u201cAccessibility: Review of measuring techniques and their application\u201d, Scottish Executive, http:\/\/www.scotland.gov.uk\/Publications\/2001\/11\/10328\/File-1."},{"key":"bibr12-a42477","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1361-9209(96)00010-7"},{"key":"bibr13-a42477","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1068\/a291175"},{"key":"bibr14-a42477","volume-title":"Recenseamento Geral da Popula\u00e7\u00e3o 1991","author":"INE","year":"1991"},{"key":"bibr15-a42477","volume-title":"Inqu\u00e9rito \u00e0 Mobilidade da Popula\u00e7\u00e3o Residente 2000","author":"INE","year":"2000"},{"key":"bibr16-a42477","volume-title":"Recenseamento Geral da Popula\u00e7\u00e3o 2001","author":"INE","year":"2001"},{"key":"bibr17-a42477","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09595237100185131"},{"key":"bibr18-a42477","volume-title":"Outline of Concept. 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