{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T23:23:28Z","timestamp":1777591408104,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,4,1]],"date-time":"2006-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1143849600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Environ Plann C Gov Policy"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The Water Framework Directive institutionalises participatory processes in river basin planning across the European Union. This paper reports on three case studies from southern Europe where conflicts over water exist. In each a different method for participation was experimentally employed: scenario workshops, mediated modelling, and social multicriteria evaluation. Scenario workshops and mediated modelling proved well suited to the early stages of a planning process (problem solving and identification of goals and alternatives) and to be good at educating participants and supporting capacity building. Their performance was less satisfactory with respect to resolving long-standing conflicts and achieving consensus. In comparison, social multicriteria evaluation was better able to address the evaluation of alternatives, reveal trade-offs, and aid convergence between divergent stakeholders' views, but it relied more heavily on experts and allowed less participation and deliberation in goal-setting than the other two methods. These results show complementarities amongst methods which imply that hybrid or combined approaches would be best for aiding the water planning process. They also reveal problems confronting the use of participatory approaches and constraints which prevent theoretical promise from being converted into practical results.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1068\/c04102s","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,3,24]],"date-time":"2006-03-24T07:12:36Z","timestamp":1143184356000},"page":"215-234","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":91,"title":["Participatory Methods for Water Resources Planning"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Giorgos","family":"Kallis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Energy and Resources Group, University of California at Berkeley, 310 Barrows Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720-3040, USA"}]},{"given":"Nuno","family":"Videira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Energy and Resources Group, University of California at Berkeley, 310 Barrows Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720-3040, USA"}]},{"given":"Paula","family":"Antunes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Energy and Resources Group, University of California at Berkeley, 310 Barrows Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720-3040, USA"}]},{"given":"\u00c2ngela Guimar\u00e3es","family":"Pereira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Energy and Resources Group, University of California at Berkeley, 310 Barrows Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720-3040, USA"}]},{"given":"Clive L","family":"Spash","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Energy and Resources Group, University of California at Berkeley, 310 Barrows Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720-3040, USA"}]},{"given":"Harry","family":"Coccossis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Energy and Resources Group, University of California at Berkeley, 310 Barrows Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720-3040, USA"}]},{"given":"Serafin Corral","family":"Quintana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Energy and Resources Group, University of California at Berkeley, 310 Barrows Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720-3040, USA"}]},{"given":"Leandro","family":"del Moral","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Energy and Resources Group, University of California at Berkeley, 310 Barrows Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720-3040, USA"}]},{"given":"Dionisia","family":"Hatzilacou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Energy and Resources Group, University of California at Berkeley, 310 Barrows Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720-3040, USA"}]},{"given":"Gon\u00e7alo","family":"Lobo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Energy and Resources Group, University of California at Berkeley, 310 Barrows Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720-3040, USA"}]},{"given":"Alexandra","family":"Mexa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Energy and Resources Group, University of California at Berkeley, 310 Barrows Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720-3040, USA"}]},{"given":"Pilar","family":"Paneque","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Energy and Resources Group, University of California at Berkeley, 310 Barrows Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720-3040, USA"}]},{"given":"Belen Pedregal","family":"Mateos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Energy and Resources Group, University of California at Berkeley, 310 Barrows Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720-3040, USA"}]},{"given":"Rui","family":"Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Energy and Resources Group, University of California at Berkeley, 310 Barrows Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720-3040, USA"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,4,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-c04102s","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3152\/147154399781782301"},{"key":"bibr2-c04102s","first-page":"161","volume-title":"Proceedings of Third Iberian Congress on Water Management and Planning","author":"Antunes P.","year":"2002"},{"key":"bibr3-c04102s","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/3235238"},{"key":"bibr4-c04102s","volume-title":"Guidance on Public Participation in Relation to the Water Framework Directive\u2014Active Involvement, Consultation and Public Access to Information, Common Implementation Strategy","author":"Commission of the European Communities","year":"2002"},{"key":"bibr5-c04102s","volume-title":"An Integrated Methodology for the Exploration and Comprension of the Elaboration of Public Policies","author":"Quintana S. 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Corral, Guimar\u00e3es Pereira \u00c2, 2004, \u201cProtocol for Quality Assurance of Information and activities undertaken in the Portuguese case study of the ADVISOR Project\u201d, WP3 report of the ADVISOR project (EVK1-CT-2000\u201300074).","DOI":"10.1049\/cp:20000093"},{"key":"bibr7-c04102s","volume-title":"Focusing on Citizens: A Guide to Approaches and Methods","author":"COSLA","year":"2002"},{"key":"bibr8-c04102s","unstructured":"Council of the European Communities, 2000 Directive of the European Parliament and of the Council Establishing a Framework for Community Action in the Field of Water Policy: Joint Text Approved by the Conciliation Committee 0067(COD) C5\u20130347\/00."},{"key":"bibr9-c04102s","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0921-8009(00)00162-2"},{"key":"bibr10-c04102s","volume-title":"Integrated Water Resources Management","author":"Global Water Partnership","year":"2000"},{"key":"bibr11-c04102s","first-page":"57","volume":"2","author":"Guimar\u00e3es Pereira \u00c2","year":"2003","journal-title":"Technikfolgenabsch\u00e4tzung\u2014Theorie und Praxis"},{"key":"bibr12-c04102s","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1142\/S1464333203001383"},{"key":"bibr13-c04102s","volume-title":"\u201cParticipatory environmental policy process: Experiences from North and South\u201d","author":"Holmes T.","year":"2000"},{"key":"bibr14-c04102s","first-page":"215","volume":"18","author":"Mexa A. 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