{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T23:26:49Z","timestamp":1777591609623,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,6,1]],"date-time":"2009-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1243814400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Environ Plann C Gov Policy"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The institutionalization of just decision making in urban policy and planning is fundamental for the achievement of social justice in the city. In this paper we highlight the importance of generating adequate institutional conditions for the constitution of cosmopolis, Sandercock's postmodern utopia of justice. In doing that we resort to sociological institutionalist approaches to planning and policy analysis to evaluate a specific planning practice in the Portuguese planning system. Hence, after putting forward an appropriate analytical framework we tell the story of the decision-making process in the revision of Porto's Municipal Director Plan by delving through its intertwined history and evaluating it against the chosen criteria of social justice. The transcendent aim of this paper is to help to find opportunities for institutional improvements which can open the way for nonoppressive decision making and a more socially just urban future in Portugal and elsewhere.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1068\/c0781r","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,2,12]],"date-time":"2009-02-12T08:19:54Z","timestamp":1234426794000},"page":"413-432","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["The Institutionalization of Just Decision Making: Analyzing Planning Practice in Portugal"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Ricardo","family":"Cardoso","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Engineering, CITTA\u2014Research Centre for Territory, Transports and Environment, University of Oporto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, s\/n 4200-465 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Isabel","family":"Breda-V\u00e1zquez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Engineering, CITTA\u2014Research Centre for Territory, Transports and Environment, University of Oporto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, s\/n 4200-465 Porto, Portugal"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,6,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-c0781r","volume-title":"Dictionary of Sociology","author":"Abercrombie N","year":"1988"},{"key":"bibr2-c0781r","volume-title":"Reflectir o Porto e a Regiao Metropolitana do Porto [Reflecting on Porto and the Metropolitan Region]","author":"Campo Aberto","year":"2006"},{"key":"bibr3-c0781r","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-2427.2007.00729.x"},{"key":"bibr4-c0781r","volume-title":"Urban Governance, Institutional Capacity and Social Milieux","author":"Cars G","year":"2002"},{"key":"bibr5-c0781r","volume-title":"Pelouro do Urbanismo e Mobilidade","author":"CMP","year":"2005"},{"key":"bibr6-c0781r","volume-title":"Administra\u00e7\u00e3o Urban\u00edstica: Evolu\u00e7\u00e3o Legal e a sua Pr\u00e1tica [Urban administration: legal evolution and its practice]","author":"Costa Lobo M","year":"2001"},{"key":"bibr7-c0781r","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9780470712788"},{"key":"bibr8-c0781r","first-page":"311","volume-title":"National Policy Responses to Urban Challenges in Europe","author":"Domingues A","year":"2007"},{"key":"bibr9-c0781r","first-page":"173","volume-title":"Readings in Planning Theory","author":"Fainstein S","year":"2003"},{"key":"bibr10-c0781r","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0739456X05279275"},{"key":"bibr11-c0781r","volume-title":"Searching for the Just City","author":"Fainstein S"},{"key":"bibr12-c0781r","volume-title":"Power\/Knowledge: Selected Interviews and Other Writings 1972\u20131977","author":"Foucault M","year":"1980"},{"key":"bibr13-c0781r","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00420980500279778"},{"key":"bibr14-c0781r","volume-title":"Planning and the Intelligence of Institutions","author":"Gualini E","year":"2001"},{"key":"bibr15-c0781r","first-page":"29","volume-title":"Urban Governance, Institutional Capacity and Social Milieux","author":"Gualini E","year":"2002"},{"key":"bibr16-c0781r","volume-title":"Social justice and the City","author":"Harvey D","year":"1973"},{"key":"bibr17-c0781r","volume-title":"Spaces of Hope","author":"Harvey D","year":"2000"},{"key":"bibr18-c0781r","first-page":"386","volume-title":"Readings in Urban Theory","author":"Harvey D","year":"2002"},{"key":"bibr19-c0781r","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09654310500420792"},{"key":"bibr20-c0781r","first-page":"61","volume-title":"Institutions and Planning","author":"Healey P","year":"2007"},{"key":"bibr21-c0781r","volume-title":"Shadows of Power: An Allegory of Prudence in Land Use Planning","author":"Hillier J","year":"2002"},{"key":"bibr22-c0781r","volume-title":"Development Planning Unit","author":"Levy C","year":"1996"},{"key":"bibr23-c0781r","volume-title":"As Tecnologias de Informa\u00e7\u00e3o Geogr\u00e1fica no Apoio \u00e0 Avalia\u00e7\u00e3o em Planeamento Territorial: Potencialidades e Limita\u00e7\u00f5es Face a Desafios [Geographic information technologies in the support of evaluation in spatial planning: potentials and limitations in the face of challenges]","author":"M\u00f3ia P","year":"2006"},{"key":"bibr24-c0781r","first-page":"181","volume-title":"The Changing Institutional Landscape of Planning","author":"Rosa Pires A","year":"2001"},{"key":"bibr25-c0781r","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/0965431042000321802"},{"key":"bibr26-c0781r","volume-title":"Um Estado Labir\u00edntico: O Poder Relacional nas Rela\u00e7\u00f5es entre Poderes Central e Local em Portugal","author":"Ruivo F","year":"2000"},{"key":"bibr27-c0781r","volume-title":"Towards Cosmopolis","author":"Sandercock L","year":"1998"},{"key":"bibr28-c0781r","volume-title":"Cosmopolis II: Mongrel Cities of the 21st Century","author":"Sandercock L","year":"2003"},{"key":"bibr29-c0781r","first-page":"132","volume-title":"Environmental Activism in Society","author":"Vasconcelos L","year":"2002"},{"key":"bibr30-c0781r","volume-title":"Justice and the Politics of Difference","author":"Young I","year":"1990"}],"container-title":["Environment and Planning C: Government and Policy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1068\/c0781r","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1068\/c0781r","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T20:23:36Z","timestamp":1777407816000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1068\/c0781r"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2009,6]]},"references-count":30,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1068\/c0781r"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1068\/c0781r","relation":{},"ISSN":["0263-774X","1472-3425"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0263-774X","type":"print"},{"value":"1472-3425","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2009,6]]}}}