{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,13]],"date-time":"2026-02-13T10:27:30Z","timestamp":1770978450141,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":69,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2000,12,1]],"date-time":"2000-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":975628800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Environ Plann C Gov Policy"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2000,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:p> Welfare States in the European Union have many different characteristics, including the role assigned to local government. In order to explain these institutional differences the authors discuss the concept of a welfare state regime (WSR), and suggest a taxonomy of four types of WSR. They also address the changes which have occurred in the different types of WSR over time, especially since 1975. Two case studies\u2014Portugal and Denmark\u2014were selected to document in detail the changes in WSR and especially in the role of local government. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1068\/c9914","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,3,3]],"date-time":"2006-03-03T12:24:13Z","timestamp":1141388653000},"page":"749-771","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Transformation of the Welfare States after World War 2: The Cases of Portugal and Denmark"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Frank","family":"Hansen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geography, University of Copenhagen, Oster Voldgade 10, DK-1350 Copenhagen, Denmark"}]},{"given":"Carlos Nunes","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Estudos Geogr\u00e1ficos, Faculdade de Letras da Universidade de Lisboa, Cidade Universit\u00e1ria 1699, Lisboa, Portugal"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2000,12,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-c9914","volume-title":"The Scandinavian Welfare Model in a Time of Change","author":"Abrahamson P","year":"1994"},{"key":"bibr2-c9914","volume-title":"Solidaritet og f\u00e6lles-marked? [Solidarity and the Common Market?]","author":"Abrahamson P","year":"1992"},{"key":"bibr3-c9914","volume-title":"Velf\u00e6rdsstaten i Danmark og Europa [The welfare state in Denmark and in Europe]","author":"Andersen B R","year":"1991"},{"key":"bibr4-c9914","volume-title":"Fattigdom i Velf\u00e6rdsstaten [Poverty in the welfare state]","author":"Andersen J","year":"1989"},{"key":"bibr5-c9914","volume-title":"L'Apr\u00e8s-fordisme [Post-Fordism]","author":"Boyer R","year":"1993"},{"key":"bibr6-c9914","volume-title":"La Protection Sociale [Social Protection] (Editions De Fallois, Paris)","author":"D'Intignano M","year":"1993"},{"key":"bibr7-c9914","unstructured":"1995 N\u00f8gletal. Copenhagen [Key figures Copenhagen]."},{"key":"bibr8-c9914","unstructured":"1997 Kommunal udligning og generelle tilskud 98 (Copenhagen) [Equalisation among municipalities and grants 98 (Copenhagen)]."},{"key":"bibr9-c9914","unstructured":"1999 Municipalities and Counties in Denmark: Tasks and Finance."},{"key":"bibr10-c9914","volume-title":"The Three Worlds of Welfare Capitalism","author":"Esping-Andersen G","year":"1995"},{"key":"bibr11-c9914","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/0198742002.001.0001"},{"key":"bibr12-c9914","volume-title":"Sociale indikatorer for de Europ\u00e6ske F\u00e6llesskaber 1960 \u2013 78 [Social indicators for European economic cooperation 1960 \u2013 78]","author":"Eurostat","year":"1978"},{"key":"bibr13-c9914","volume-title":"Social Protection Expenditure and Receipts 1980 \u2013 94","author":"Eurostat","year":"1996"},{"key":"bibr14-c9914","first-page":"13","volume-title":"Florence Conference: Comparing Social Welfare Systems in Southern Europe","volume":"3","author":"Ferrera M","year":"1997"},{"key":"bibr15-c9914","first-page":"37","volume-title":"The Development of Welfare States in Europe and America","author":"Flora P","year":"1982"},{"key":"bibr16-c9914","volume-title":"Repenser la Securit\u00e9 Sociale [Rethinking social security]","author":"Fragni\u00e8re J P","year":"1995"},{"key":"bibr17-c9914","volume-title":"\u201cHistory of social security in Denmark\u201d","author":"Greve B","year":"1995"},{"key":"bibr18-c9914","first-page":"27","volume":"5","author":"Guibentif P","year":"1985","journal-title":"Ler Hist\u00f3ria"},{"key":"bibr19-c9914","first-page":"47","volume-title":"Florence Conference: Comparing Social Welfare Systems in Southern Europe","volume":"3","author":"Guibentif P","year":"1997"},{"key":"bibr20-c9914","volume-title":"The Welfare State in Crisis: Local and Regional Effects","author":"Hansen F","year":"1993"},{"key":"bibr21-c9914","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00343409612331349558"},{"key":"bibr22-c9914","volume-title":"Institute Nacional de Estat\u00edstico","author":"INE"},{"key":"bibr23-c9914","unstructured":"Administra\u00e7\u00f5es P\u00fablicas [Public administrations]."},{"key":"bibr24-c9914","unstructured":"Anu\u00e1rio Estat\u00edstico de Portugal [Statistical yearbook of Portugal]."},{"key":"bibr25-c9914","unstructured":"Estat\u00edsticas da Protec\u00e7\u00e3o Social, 1995 \u2013 96 [Social protection statistics]."},{"key":"bibr26-c9914","unstructured":"Estat\u00edsticas da Sa\u00fade, 1997 [Health statistics]."},{"key":"bibr27-c9914","unstructured":"Estat\u00edsticas da Sa\u00fade, Assist\u00eancia e Protec\u00e7\u00e3o Social [Health, assistance and social protection statistics]."},{"key":"bibr28-c9914","unstructured":"Estat\u00edsticas do Emprego e Forma\u00e7\u00e3o Profissional [Employment and training statistics]."},{"key":"bibr29-c9914","unstructured":"Portugal Social, 1991 \u2013 95 [Social Portugal]."},{"key":"bibr30-c9914","first-page":"13","volume-title":"Towards a Post-Fordist Welfare State","author":"Jessop B","year":"1994"},{"key":"bibr31-c9914","volume-title":"Dansk socialpolitik 1708 \u2013 1994 [Danish social politics 1708 \u2013 1994]","author":"Jonasen V","year":"1994"},{"key":"bibr32-c9914","first-page":"307","volume-title":"The Development of Welfare States in Europe and America","author":"Kohl J","year":"1982"},{"key":"bibr33-c9914","first-page":"125","volume-title":"The Development of Welfare States in Europe and America","author":"Kuhnle S","year":"1982"},{"key":"bibr34-c9914","first-page":"925","volume":"87","author":"Leal A S","year":"1985","journal-title":"An\u00e1lise Social"},{"key":"bibr35-c9914","volume-title":"Seguran\u00e7a social em Portugal\u2014Evolu\u00e7\u00e3o e Tend\u00eancias [Social security in Portugal: Evolution and trends]","author":"Maia F","year":"1985"},{"key":"bibr36-c9914","first-page":"18","volume-title":"New Perspectives on the Welfare State in Europe","author":"Mishra R","year":"1993"},{"key":"bibr37-c9914","volume-title":"Social Protection in the Member States of the European Union","author":"MISSOC","year":"1997"},{"key":"bibr38-c9914","volume-title":"Velf\u00e6rdsstatens udbygning [The enlargement of the welfare state]","author":"M\u00f8ller I H","year":"1994"},{"key":"bibr39-c9914","volume-title":"Minist\u00e9rio da Solidariedade e Seguran\u00e7a Social","author":"MSSS"},{"key":"bibr40-c9914","unstructured":"1996 Seguran\u00e7a social. Evolu\u00e7\u00e3o recente: 1992 \u2013 1995 [Social security. Recent evolution: 1992 \u2013 1995]."},{"key":"bibr41-c9914","unstructured":"1997 Livro Verde da Seguran\u00e7a Social. Vers\u00e3o preliminar do Livro Branco [Green book on social security. 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Rethinking the welfare state]","author":"Rosavallon P","year":"1995"},{"key":"bibr58-c9914","volume-title":"Uma vis\u00e3o solid\u00e1ria da reforma da seguran\u00e7a social [A solidarity vision of social security reform]","author":"Santos B S","year":"1998"},{"key":"bibr59-c9914","unstructured":"Silva C N, 1995a, \u201cPoder local e territ\u00f3rio: An\u00e1lise geogr\u00e1fica das pol\u00edticas municipais, 1974 \u2013 94\u201d [Local government and territory: Geographical analysis of municipal policies, 1974 \u2013 94], unpublished manuscript; copy available from the author."},{"key":"bibr60-c9914","first-page":"104","volume":"21","author":"Silva C N","year":"1995","journal-title":"Sociedade e Territ\u00f3rio"},{"key":"bibr61-c9914","first-page":"433","volume-title":"Hist\u00f3ria dos Munic\u00edpios e do Poder Local. Dos finais da Idade M\u00e9dia \u00e0 Uni\u00e3o Europeia","author":"Silva C N","year":"1996"},{"key":"bibr62-c9914","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1068\/c160411"},{"key":"bibr63-c9914","volume":"6","author":"Silva C N","year":"1998","journal-title":"Poder Local e pol\u00edticas sociais em Portugal. Subsidiariedade e parceria na seguran\u00e7a social\u2014Relat\u00f3rio Final [Local government and social policies. 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