{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,9]],"date-time":"2026-06-09T18:01:04Z","timestamp":1781028064609,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"CSIRO Publishing","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,29]],"date-time":"2025-05-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748476800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":3733,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1071\/journalslicense"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,31]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This paper presents analysis of consumer focus groups that were undertaken as a part of the project to develop the now current Nursing and Midwifery Board of Australia\u2019s Nurse Practitioner Standards for Practice.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Six focus groups were conducted with consumers around Australia, including urban and remote areas. One purpose for these groups was to explore what was known of nurse practitioners and whether consumers could articulate the difference between the regulated titles of enrolled nurse, registered nurse and nurse practitioner.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Consumers\u2019 knowledge of nurses\u2019 roles in the Australian primary healthcare system, and hence system literacy (particularly in terms of navigating the system), was low. Of perhaps greatest importance is the fact that those consumers with low health systems literacy also exhibited a low level of motivation to seek new knowledge. Many consumers relied on the medical profession to direct care.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The low levels of health literacy raise questions of how to meaningfully include health consumers in innovative health-related policy work.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>What is known about the topic?<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Health literacy includes individual attributes and those of the system in which the context of care is placed. Individual attributes include not only knowledge and confidence but also motivation. It is known that consumer knowledge related to the nursing workforce is low.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>What does this paper add<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>? This paper adds the finding that along with knowledge that consumer motivation is low to find out more about the nursing workforce in general. This finding extends to Nurse Practitioners in particular. This is occurring in the context of frequent contact with nurses in the context in which care is received.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>What are the implications for practitioners?<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This finding informs strategies to build health literacy in the community, as the approach that will lead to success is clearly not just one of providing accessible information. The factor of motivation warrants attention.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1071\/ah14126","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,9]],"date-time":"2015-03-09T18:14:33Z","timestamp":1425924873000},"page":"470-475","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Knowledge and motivation: two elements of health literacy that remain low with regard to nurse practitioners in Australia"],"prefix":"10.1071","volume":"39","author":[{"given":"Andrew","family":"Cashin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"ASchool of Health and Human Sciences, Southern Cross University, PO Box 157, Lismore, NSW 2480, Australia."},{"name":"ECorresponding author. Email: andrew.cashin@scu.edu.au"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marie","family":"Heartfield","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ASchool of Health and Human Sciences, Southern Cross University, PO Box 157, Lismore, NSW 2480, Australia."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Darlene","family":"Cox","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BHealth Care Consumers\u2019 Association Inc, 100 Maitland Street, Hackett, ACT 2602, Australia."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sandra","family":"Dunn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CClinical Practice, School of Health, Casurina Campus, Charles Darwin University, NT 0811, Australia."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Helen","family":"Stasa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"DSydney Nursing School, University of Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"67","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025121501144454000_R1","unstructured":"American Association of Nurse Practitioners. Historical timeline. 2013. Available at: http:\/\/www.aanp.org\/about-aanp\/historical-timeline [verified August 2014]."},{"key":"2025121501144454000_R2","unstructured":"Australian College of Nurse Practitioners (ACNP). ACNP history. 2015. Available at: http:\/\/acnp.org.au\/history [verified August 2014]."},{"key":"2025121501144454000_R3","unstructured":"Nursing and Midwifery Board. Australian nurse practitoner standards for practice. 0000. Available at: http:\/\/www.nursingmidwiferyboard.gov.au\/Codes-Guidelines-Statements\/FAQ\/Nurse-practitioner-standards-of- practice-FAQ.aspx [verified August 2014]."},{"key":"2025121501144454000_R4","unstructured":"Nursing and Midwifery Board of Australia. Registered nurse and enrolled nurse data: March 2014. 2014. Available at: http:\/\/www.nursingmidwiferyboard.gov.au\/Codes-Guidelines-Statements\/Codes-Guidelines.aspx [verified August 2014]."},{"key":"2025121501144454000_R5"},{"key":"2025121501144454000_R6"},{"key":"2025121501144454000_R7"},{"key":"2025121501144454000_R8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.12927\/cjnl.2010.22276","article-title":"Clinical nurse specialists and nurse practitioners: title confusion and lack of role clarity.","volume":"23","author":"Donald","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nurs Leadersh"},{"key":"2025121501144454000_R9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"850","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2012.01.011","article-title":"How are acute care nurse practitioners enacting their roles in healthcare teams? 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