{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,26]],"date-time":"2025-12-26T16:49:38Z","timestamp":1766767778579,"version":"3.48.0"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"CSIRO Publishing","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,29]],"date-time":"2025-05-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748476800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":2030,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1071\/journalslicense"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The aim of this study was to review animal hoarding cases referred to the Royal Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (RSPCA) in New South Wales (NSW) to examine mental health factors that influence the development of animal hoarding and to consider strategies for dealing with such cases.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Data were gathered by RSPCA inspectors regarding consecutive cases referred to the agency over 2 years.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Result<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Details were provided about animals and 50 identified hoarders (11 male, 39 female; mean age 57 years) on 48 properties. The mean number of animals per case was 53 (range 6\u2013300). Fifteen participants (30%) were known to have had involvement with mental health or social services. Mental health factors appeared to contribute to animal hoarding in well over 50% of cases. Severe and moderate squalor were observed in 52% and 21% of dwellings assessed respectively, many with accumulated rubbish.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Animal hoarding is largely attributable to psychological and psychiatric problems. It is recommended that clinical services work alongside animal welfare inspectorates, assessing (and, where appropriate, treating) such problems.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>What is known about the topic?<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Animal hoarding is believed to be partly attributable to the hoarders having psychiatric or psychological problems, but relevant mental health assessment of hoarders is not usually arranged. Recidivism after removal of animals is nearly 100%.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>What does this paper add?<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The study confirms that animal hoarders commonly have mental health issues. However, RSPCA inspectors are not expected to screen for such issues or refer cases to mental health clinicians.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>What are the implications for practitioners?<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>There is good reason to develop clinical services to help animal hoarders deal with their psychological or psychiatric problems.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1071\/ah19103","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,6]],"date-time":"2019-11-06T17:10:50Z","timestamp":1573060250000},"page":"480-484","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Mental health of animal hoarders: a study of consecutive cases in New South Wales"],"prefix":"10.1071","volume":"44","author":[{"given":"John","family":"Snowdon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"AConcord Centre for Mental Health, Sydney Local Health District, Concord, NSW 2139, Australia."},{"name":"BDiscipline of Psychiatry, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Concord Hospital, Concord, NSW 2139, Australia."},{"name":"ECorresponding author. Email: John.Snowdon@health.nsw.gov.au"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Graeme","family":"Halliday","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"AConcord Centre for Mental Health, Sydney Local Health District, Concord, NSW 2139, Australia."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rosemary","family":"Elliott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CVeterinary Animal Welfare Consultancy, Sentinet, The Veterinary Institute for Animal Ethics, Sydney, NSW 2223, Australia."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Glenn E.","family":"Hunt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"AConcord Centre for Mental Health, Sydney Local Health District, Concord, NSW 2139, Australia."},{"name":"BDiscipline of Psychiatry, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Concord Hospital, Concord, NSW 2139, Australia."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Steve","family":"Coleman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"DRoyal Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (RSPCA), Yagoona, NSW 2199, Australia."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"67","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025121500514366900_R1"},{"key":"2025121500514366900_R2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1093\/phr\/114.1.81","article-title":"Hoarding of animals: an under-recognized public health problem in a difficult-to-study population.","volume":"114","author":"Patronek","year":"1999","journal-title":"Public Health Rep"},{"key":"2025121500514366900_R3"},{"key":"2025121500514366900_R4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2017.08.030","article-title":"Animal hoarding disorder: a new psychopathology?","volume":"258","author":"Ferreira","year":"2017","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res"},{"key":"2025121500514366900_R5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2018.12.127","article-title":"A description of 17 animal hoarding case files from animal control and a humane society.","volume":"272","author":"Dozier","year":"2019","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res"},{"key":"2025121500514366900_R6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2009.01.006","article-title":"A theoretical perspective to inform assessment and treatment strategies for animal hoarders.","volume":"29","author":"Patronek","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clin Psychol Rev"},{"key":"2025121500514366900_R7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1163\/156853002320292282","article-title":"Press reports of animal hoarding.","volume":"10","author":"Arluke","year":"2002","journal-title":"Soc Anim"},{"key":"2025121500514366900_R8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.2752\/175303714X13837396326332","article-title":"Animal hoarding in Victoria, Australia: an exploratory study.","volume":"27","author":"Ockenden","year":"2014","journal-title":"Anthrozoos"},{"key":"2025121500514366900_R9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1111\/avj.12249","article-title":"Characteristics of persons convicted for offences relating to animal hoarding in New South Wales.","volume":"92","author":"Joffe","year":"2014","journal-title":"Aust Vet J"},{"key":"2025121500514366900_R10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.7120\/09627286.23.2.199","article-title":"Characteristics of 24 cases of animal hoarding in Spain.","volume":"23","author":"Calvo","year":"2014","journal-title":"Anim Welf"},{"key":"2025121500514366900_R11","unstructured":"Patronek GJ, Loar L, Nathanson JN, editors. Animal hoarding: structuring interdisciplinary responses to help people, animals and communities at risk. Grafton: Hoarding of Animals Research Consortium, Tufts University; 2006. Available at: https:\/\/vet.tufts.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/AngellReport.pdf [verified 29 October 2019]."},{"key":"2025121500514366900_R12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1041","DOI":"10.1017\/S1041610209990135","article-title":"The Environmental Cleanliness and Clutter Scale (ECCS).","volume":"21","author":"Halliday","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int Psychogeriatr"},{"key":"2025121500514366900_R13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1111\/avj.12806","article-title":"Characteristics of animal hoarding cases referred to the RSPCA in New South Wales, Australia.","volume":"97","author":"Elliott","year":"2019","journal-title":"Aust Vet J"},{"key":"2025121500514366900_R14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"882","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(99)06250-9","article-title":"Community study of people who live in squalor.","volume":"355","author":"Halliday","year":"2000","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2025121500514366900_R15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.1017\/S1041610210000906","article-title":"A study of severe domestic squalor: 173 cases referred to an old age psychiatry service.","volume":"23","author":"Snowdon","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int Psychogeriatr"},{"key":"2025121500514366900_R16"},{"key":"2025121500514366900_R17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1093\/hsw\/27.2.125","article-title":"Health implications of animal hoarding.","volume":"27","author":"Hoarding of Animals Research Consortium (HARC)","year":"2002","journal-title":"Health Soc Work"},{"key":"2025121500514366900_R18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1080\/08946560903004839","article-title":"Animal hoarding: slipping into the darkness of comorbid animal and self-neglect.","volume":"21","author":"Nathanson","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Elder Abuse Negl"},{"key":"2025121500514366900_R19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1037\/a0023484","article-title":"Characteristics and antecedents of people who hoard animals: an exploratory comparative interview study.","volume":"15","author":"Steketee","year":"2011","journal-title":"Rev Gen Psychol"},{"key":"2025121500514366900_R20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1080\/10888705.2018.1490183","article-title":"A collaborative model for managing animal hoarding cases.","volume":"22","author":"Strong","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Appl Anim Welf Sci"}],"container-title":["Australian Health Review"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/connectsci.au\/ah\/article-pdf\/44\/3\/480\/437018\/ah19103.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/connectsci.au\/ah\/article-pdf\/44\/3\/480\/437018\/ah19103.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,15]],"date-time":"2025-12-15T05:51:48Z","timestamp":1765777908000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/connectsci.au\/ah\/article\/44\/3\/480\/70331\/Mental-health-of-animal-hoarders-a-study-of"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,7]]},"references-count":20,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,3]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1071\/ah19103","relation":{},"ISSN":["0156-5788","1449-8944"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0156-5788"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1449-8944"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,7]]}}}