{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,14]],"date-time":"2026-07-14T04:05:16Z","timestamp":1784001916112,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"CSIRO Publishing","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,29]],"date-time":"2026-06-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782691200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,24]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is a crucial global cereal crop, severely threatened by the brown planthopper (BPH), which causes extensive damage through direct feeding and virus transmission. To elucidate the resistance mechanism mediated by the BPH-resistance gene Bph6, metabolic responses to BPH infestation were compared between the resistant rice line G6 and the susceptible cultivar Nipponbare using LC-MS-based metabolomics combined with quantitative real-time PCR analysis. The Bph6 gene conferred both antixenotic and antibiotic resistance to BPH. A total of 673 metabolites were identified across all samples. BPH infestation induced more pronounced metabolic alterations in susceptible Nipponbare than in the resistant G6 line. Compared with Nipponbare, G6 exhibited a more coordinated defense response characterized by enhanced accumulation of amino acid-derived metabolites, flavonoids, and serotonin-associated compounds. Consistently, the expression levels of key biosynthetic genes, including TDC and CYP71A1 involved in serotonin biosynthesis and CHS and F3H associated with flavonoid biosynthesis, were significantly upregulated in G6. These findings demonstrate that Bph6 mediates a more stable and effective defense metabolism in rice through coordinated regulation of primary and secondary metabolism, particularly flavonoid- and serotonin-related pathways.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1071\/fp26076","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,14]],"date-time":"2026-07-14T03:16:32Z","timestamp":1783998992000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Metabolome profiling reveals the resistance mechanisms of rice against brown planthopper"],"prefix":"10.1071","volume":"53","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-0390-2639","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jiajiao","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"ACollege of Life Sciences, Nanyang normal University, Nanyang, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qian","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BNational Forestry and Grassland Administration Engineering Research Center for Osmanthus Fragrans, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"YinHua","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CState Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lili","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CState Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guangcun","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CState Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiaru","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CState Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"67","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,14]]},"reference":[{"issue":"11\u201312","key":"2026071323162573000_R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1038","DOI":"10.1515\/znc-2000-11-1232","article-title":"Probing stimulants from the rice plant towards the smaller brown planthopper, Laodelphax striatellus (FALLEN) (Homoptera: Delphacidae).","volume":"55","author":"Adjei-Afriyie","year":"2000","journal-title":"Zeitschrift f\u00fcr Naturforschung C: Journal of Biosciences"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026071323162573000_R2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1111\/pce.12640","article-title":"Systematic analysis of rice (Oryza sativa) metabolic responses to herbivory.","volume":"39","author":"Alamgir","year":"2016","journal-title":"Plant, Cell & Environment"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026071323162573000_R3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1303\/aez.9.174","article-title":"Metabolic changes in the rice plant during infestation by the brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens ST\u00c5L (Hemiptera: Delphacidae).","volume":"9","author":"Cagampang","year":"1974","journal-title":"Applied Entomology and Zoology"},{"issue":"6","key":"2026071323162573000_R4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1769","DOI":"10.1093\/mp\/sst080","article-title":"A novel integrated method for large-scale detection, identification, and quantification of widely targeted metabolites: application in the study of rice metabolomics.","volume":"6","author":"Chen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Molecular Plant"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026071323162573000_R5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1007\/s11427-021-2024-0","article-title":"Rice functional genomics: decades\u2019 efforts and roads ahead.","volume":"65","author":"Chen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Science China Life Sciences"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026071323162573000_R6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"621","DOI":"10.1093\/mp\/sst030","article-title":"Towards understanding of molecular interactions between rice and the brown planthopper.","volume":"6","author":"Cheng","year":"2013","journal-title":"Molecular Plant"},{"issue":"52","key":"2026071323162573000_R7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22163","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0912139106","article-title":"Identification and characterization of Bph14, a gene conferring resistance to brown planthopper in rice.","volume":"106","author":"Du","year":"2009","journal-title":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026071323162573000_R8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1104\/pp.20.00433","article-title":"Plant secondary metabolites as defenses, regulators, and primary metabolites: the blurred functional trichotomy.","volume":"184","author":"Erb","year":"2020","journal-title":"Plant Physiology"},{"key":"2026071323162573000_R9","first-page":"913","article-title":"Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) apigenin glycosides and their effect on the pea aphid (Acyrthosiphon pisum).","volume":"19","author":"Go\u0142awska","year":"2010","journal-title":"Polish Journal of Environmental Studies"},{"issue":"6","key":"2026071323162573000_R10","first-page":"1613","article-title":"Do the contents of luteolin, tricin, and chrysoeriol glycosides in alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) affect the behavior of pea aphid (Acyrthosiphon pisum)?","volume":"21","author":"Go\u0142awska","year":"2012","journal-title":"Polish Journal of Environmental Studies"},{"key":"2026071323162573000_R11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"691","DOI":"10.17660\/ActaHortic.1994.381.100","article-title":"Phenolics in rice phloem sap as sucking deterrents to the brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens.","volume":"381","author":"Grayer","year":"1994","journal-title":"Acta Horticulturae"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026071323162573000_R12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1038\/s41588-018-0039-6","article-title":"Bph6 encodes an exocyst-localized protein and confers broad resistance to planthoppers in rice.","volume":"50","author":"Guo","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nature Genetics"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026071323162573000_R13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.pcp.a077899","article-title":"Chemical composition of phloem sap from the uppermost internode of the rice plant.","volume":"31","author":"Hayashi","year":"1990","journal-title":"Plant and Cell Physiology"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026071323162573000_R14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.phyto.34.1.249","article-title":"Biology and epidemiology of rice viruses.","volume":"34","author":"Hibino","year":"1996","journal-title":"Annual Review of Phytopathology"},{"issue":"12","key":"2026071323162573000_R15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3157","DOI":"10.1105\/tpc.17.00263","article-title":"The coiled-coil and nucleotide-binding domains of brown planthopper resistance 14 function in signaling and resistance against planthopper in rice.","volume":"29","author":"Hu","year":"2017","journal-title":"The Plant Cell"},{"key":"2026071323162573000_R16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11306-019-1523-4","article-title":"Comparative metabolomics analysis of different resistant rice varieties in response to the brown planthopper Nilaparvata lugens (Hemiptera: Delphacidae).","volume":"15","author":"Kang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Metabolomics"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026071323162573000_R17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1584\/jpestics.D25-047","article-title":"Accumulation of phytoalexins and alteration in plant hormone profiles in rice leaves following sap sucking by the brown planthopper and green rice leafhopper.","volume":"50","author":"Kariya","year":"2025","journal-title":"Journal of Pesticide Science"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026071323162573000_R18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00989555","article-title":"Isolation of C-glycosylflavones as probing stimulant of planthoppers in rice plant.","volume":"11","author":"Kim","year":"1985","journal-title":"Journal of Chemical Ecology"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026071323162573000_R19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/agronomy12040808","article-title":"Molecular mapping of a new brown planthopper resistance gene Bph43 in rice (Oryza sativa L.).","volume":"12","author":"Kim","year":"2022","journal-title":"Agronomy"},{"issue":"11","key":"2026071323162573000_R20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5316","DOI":"10.1021\/jf000229y","article-title":"Role of endogenous flavonoids in resistance mechanism of Vigna to aphids.","volume":"48","author":"Lattanzio","year":"2000","journal-title":"Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry"},{"key":"2026071323162573000_R21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2024.1359315","article-title":"A key ABA biosynthetic gene OsNCED3 is a positive regulator in resistance to Nilaparvata lugens in Oryza sativa.","volume":"15","author":"Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"Frontiers in Plant Science"},{"issue":"12","key":"2026071323162573000_R22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6774","DOI":"10.1021\/pr100747d","article-title":"Revealing different systems responses to brown planthopper infestation for pest susceptible and resistant rice plants with the combined metabonomic and gene-expression analysis.","volume":"9","author":"Liu","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of Proteome Research"},{"key":"2026071323162573000_R23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"129173","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2021.129173","article-title":"Association of enriched metabolites profile with the corresponding volatile characteristics induced by rice yellowing process.","volume":"349","author":"Liu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Food Chemistry"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026071323162573000_R24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.1006\/meth.2001.1262","article-title":"Analysis of relative gene expression data using real-time quantitative PCR and the 2^\u2212\u0394\u0394CT method.","volume":"25","author":"Livak","year":"2001","journal-title":"Methods"},{"issue":"6","key":"2026071323162573000_R25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.1038\/s41477-018-0152-7","article-title":"Resistance of rice to insect pests mediated by suppression of serotonin biosynthesis.","volume":"4","author":"Lu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nature Plants"},{"issue":"10","key":"2026071323162573000_R26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16240","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules191016240","article-title":"Flavonoids as important molecules of plant interactions with the environment.","volume":"19","author":"Mierziak","year":"2014","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"issue":"8","key":"2026071323162573000_R27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11306-016-1077-7","article-title":"Comparative metabolomics of the interaction between rice and the brown planthopper.","volume":"12","author":"Peng","year":"2016","journal-title":"Metabolomics"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026071323162573000_R28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1111\/pbi.14481","article-title":"Limonene enhances rice plant resistance to a piercing-sucking herbivore and rice pathogens.","volume":"23","author":"Qiu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Plant Biotechnology Journal"},{"issue":"23","key":"2026071323162573000_R29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms242316959","article-title":"Recent advances in the genetic and biochemical mechanisms of rice resistance to brown planthoppers (Nilaparvata lugens St\u00e5l).","volume":"24","author":"Shi","year":"2023","journal-title":"International Journal of Molecular Sciences"},{"key":"2026071323162573000_R30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2023.1213257","article-title":"Integrated transcriptomics and metabolomics analysis provide insight into the resistance response of rice against brown planthopper.","volume":"14","author":"Shi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Frontiers in Plant Science"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026071323162573000_R31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/S0031-9422(03)00293-0","article-title":"Flavonoid\u2013insect interactions: recent advances in our knowledge.","volume":"64","author":"Simmonds","year":"2003","journal-title":"Phytochemistry"},{"key":"2026071323162573000_R32","first-page":"31","article-title":"Feeding of the rice plant- and leafhoppers.","volume":"6","author":"Sogawa","year":"1973","journal-title":"Review of Plant Protection Research"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026071323162573000_R33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1303\/aez.11.160","article-title":"Studies on the feeding habits of the brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens (St\u00e5l) (Hemiptera: Delphacidae). V. Probing stimulatory effect of rice flavonoid.","volume":"11","author":"Sogawa","year":"1976","journal-title":"Applied Entomology and Zoology"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026071323162573000_R34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.en.27.010182.000405","article-title":"The rice brown planthopper: feeding physiology and host plant interactions.","volume":"27","author":"Sogawa","year":"1982","journal-title":"Annual Review of Entomology"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026071323162573000_R35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1111\/1748-5967.12238","article-title":"Effect of plant secondary metabolites on common cutworm, Spodoptera litura (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae).","volume":"48","author":"Su","year":"2018","journal-title":"Entomological Research"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026071323162573000_R36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12864-020-6556-6","article-title":"A combined microRNA and transcriptome analyses illuminates the resistance response of rice against brown planthopper.","volume":"21","author":"Tan","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMC Genomics"},{"issue":"6","key":"2026071323162573000_R37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1640","DOI":"10.1007\/s11306-015-0817-4","article-title":"Quantitative ^1H NMR metabolome profiling of Thai Jasmine rice (Oryza sativa) reveals primary metabolic response during brown planthopper infestation.","volume":"11","author":"Uawisetwathana","year":"2015","journal-title":"Metabolomics"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026071323162573000_R38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-09143-y","article-title":"Identification and analysis of brown planthopper-responsive microRNAs in resistant and susceptible rice plants.","volume":"7","author":"Wu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Scientific Reports"},{"issue":"9","key":"2026071323162573000_R39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11032-023-01416-x","article-title":"Large-scale rice germplasm screening for identification of novel brown planthopper resistance sources.","volume":"43","author":"Yang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Molecular Breeding"},{"issue":"13","key":"2026071323162573000_R40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2990","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2024.05.028","article-title":"Brown planthoppers manipulate rice sugar transporters to benefit their own feeding.","volume":"34","author":"Yu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Current Biology"},{"issue":"9","key":"2026071323162573000_R41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11306-018-1422-0","article-title":"Lipid profiles reveal different responses to brown planthopper infestation for pest susceptible and resistant rice plants.","volume":"14","author":"Zhang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Metabolomics"},{"issue":"8","key":"2026071323162573000_R42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23084083","article-title":"Transcriptome and metabolome profiling reveal the resistance mechanisms of rice against brown planthopper.","volume":"23","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"International Journal of Molecular Sciences"},{"issue":"45","key":"2026071323162573000_R43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12850","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1614862113","article-title":"Allelic diversity in an NLR gene BPH9 enables rice to combat planthopper variation.","volume":"113","author":"Zhao","year":"2016","journal-title":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America"},{"issue":"9","key":"2026071323162573000_R44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1502","DOI":"10.1007\/s11427-020-1834-9","article-title":"Lipidomic analyses reveal enhanced lipolysis in planthoppers feeding on resistant host plants.","volume":"64","author":"Zheng","year":"2021","journal-title":"Science China Life Sciences"}],"container-title":["Functional Plant Biology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/connectsci.au\/fp\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.1071\/FP26076\/1946258\/fp26076.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/connectsci.au\/fp\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.1071\/FP26076\/1946258\/fp26076.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,14]],"date-time":"2026-07-14T03:16:34Z","timestamp":1783998994000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/connectsci.au\/fp\/article\/53\/7\/FP26076\/274747\/Metabolome-profiling-reveals-the-resistance"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Calum","family":"Wilson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,14]]},"references-count":44,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,24]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1071\/fp26076","relation":{},"ISSN":["1445-4408","1445-4416"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1445-4408","type":"print"},{"value":"1445-4416","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,14]]},"article-number":"FP26076"}}