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However, the integrated understanding of how its physiological, biochemical, molecular, and microbial responses collectively support salt tolerance remains fragmented. Moreover, how these traits contribute to soil restoration and agricultural use remains insufficiently understood. S. salsa achieves optimal growth at 200\u00a0mM NaCl and tolerates salinity up to 400\u00a0mM NaCl through coordinated salt-tolerance responses. These responses comprise Na+ uptake and vacuolar sequestration, maintenance of K+\/Na+ homeostasis, osmotic adjustment via compatible solutes, and strong antioxidant defenses. Moderate salinity enhances shoot biomass, chlorophyll content, electron transport rates, and carbon-assimilation enzyme activity, while high salinity triggers betacyanin accumulation that protects photosystems I and II integrity. Seed dimorphism and salinity-responsive reproductive development further support establishment in fluctuating saline habitats. Rhizosphere and endophytic microorganisms further enhance nutrient acquisition and salt tolerance, while field cultivation of S. salsa supports saline-soil reclamation and phytoremediation. Its genetic resources also highlight its potential for salt-tolerance breeding, establishing S. salsa as both a model halophyte and a practical resource for saline agriculture.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1071\/fp26159","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T04:21:21Z","timestamp":1788322881000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Suaeda salsa: stress adaptation, soil restoration, and agronomic potential in salt-affected environments"],"prefix":"10.1071","volume":"53","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-2972-8787","authenticated-orcid":true,"family":"Shahidin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"AJiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Department of Grassland Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu Province, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zi","family":"Chengting","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BCollege of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China."},{"name":"CResearch Center for Agricultural Chemistry, College of Science, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yang","family":"Liting","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"DJiangsu Yancheng Wetland Rare Birds National Nature Reserve Yancheng, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu Province, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yang","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"AJiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Department of Grassland Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu Province, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sauban","family":"Musa Jibril","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"EDepartment of Biological Sciences, College of Natural and Applied Science, Al-Qalam University, Katsina 2137, Katsina, Nigeria."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zakariyya","family":"Uba Zango","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"FDepartment of Chemistry, College of Natural and Applied Science, Al-Qalam University, Katsina, Katsina 2137, Katsina, Nigeria."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katar\u00edna","family":"Valachov\u00e1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"GCentre of Experimental Medicine of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava 84104, Slovakia."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ladislav","family":"\u0160olt\u00e9s","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"GCentre of Experimental Medicine of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava 84104, Slovakia."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wang","family":"Xiaoshan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"AJiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Department of Grassland Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu Province, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"67","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"2026090123570712900_R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40793-024-00592-3","article-title":"Unveiling the influence of salinity on bacterial microbiome assembly of halophytes and crops.","volume":"19","author":"Abdelfadil","year":"2024","journal-title":"Environmental Microbiome"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026090123570712900_R2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/foods10010119","article-title":"Halophytes of the Mediterranean Basin\u2014Underutilized species with the potential to be nutritious crops in the scenario of the climate change.","volume":"10","author":"Agudelo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Foods"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026090123570712900_R3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1007\/s10123-019-00115-y","article-title":"Mining the roots of various species of the halophyte Suaeda for halotolerant nitrogen-fixing endophytic bacteria with the potential for promoting plant growth.","volume":"23","author":"Alishahi","year":"2020","journal-title":"International Microbiology"},{"key":"2026090123570712900_R4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Amouri AA (2023) Effect of salt stress on pollen tube growth in two Medicago Truncatula ecotypes. 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