{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T19:58:34Z","timestamp":1787169514969,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"CSIRO Publishing","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,21]],"date-time":"2025-05-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1747785600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":2458,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>INTRODUCTION<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The Mirena\u00ae, a levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system (LNG-IUS), is an effective form of contraception that lasts for 5 years. In New Zealand, it is not subsidised for contraception and the device costs NZ$340 at Family Planning clinics.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>AIM<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To determine if there is a difference in the socioeconomic status and ethnicity of women who chose an LNG-IUS for contraception compared with women opting for a subsidised long-acting contraceptive (copper intrauterine device (IUD) or Jadelle\u00ae implant) or who qualified for a Special Authority Mirena\u00ae (funded by Pharmac, as treatment for heavy menstrual bleeding).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>METHODS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>All the Mirena\u00ae, Jaydess\u00ae, IUD and Jadelle\u00ae insertions that occurred at Family Planning clinics in 2015 in the Wellington region were identified. The deprivation quintile of current address and ethnicity were determined.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In the study period, 1410 devices were inserted. Of the self-funded LNG-IUSs inserted, 5% were for women with quintile 5 addresses (areas with the most deprived New Zealand Deprivation (NZDep) scores) and 28% for quintile 1 areas (least deprived NZDep scores). Of the Special Authority Mirenas\u00ae inserted, 24% were for women residing in quintile 5 areas and 19%, quintile 1 areas. Self-funded LNG-IUS were chosen by 2.5% of M\u0101ori women choosing contraception at study Family Planning clinics and no Pacific Peoples, whereas 21% of New Zealand European women chose LNG-IUS. Special Authority Mirenas\u00ae were chosen by 9.5% M\u0101ori and 9.6% Pacific Peoples compared to 4% New Zealand Europeans.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>DISCUSSION<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>M\u0101ori, Pacific Peoples and women residing in quintile 5 areas chose self-funded LNG-IUSs less often than Special Authority Mirenas\u00ae. This was not the case for the other groups, who showed higher use of self-funded LNG-IUSs than Special Authority Mirenas\u00ae.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1071\/hc18024","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,16]],"date-time":"2018-09-16T22:07:19Z","timestamp":1537135639000},"page":"201-206","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Who can afford a Mirena\u00ae for contraception?"],"prefix":"10.1071","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Catriona","family":"Murray","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"ANew Zealand Family Planning, PO Box 11515, Wellington 6142, New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christine","family":"Roke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ANew Zealand Family Planning, PO Box 11515, Wellington 6142, New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"67","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,28]]},"reference":[{"issue":"21","key":"2025111814511467200_R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1998","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1110855","article-title":"Effectiveness of long-acting reversible contraception.","volume":"366","author":"Winner","year":"2012","journal-title":"N Engl J Med."},{"issue":"4","key":"2025111814511467200_R2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e44","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0000000000001106","article-title":"Committee Opinion No. 642: Increasing access to contraceptive implants and intrauterine devices to reduce unintended pregnancy.","volume":"126","author":"Committee on Gynecologic Practice Long-Acting Reversible Contraception Working Group","year":"2015","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol."},{"key":"2025111814511467200_R3","unstructured":"Family Planning New Zealand. Contraception Your Choice. Wellington: Family Planning New Zealand; 2015. [cited 2018 June 8]. Available from: http:\/\/www.familyplanning.org.nz\/media\/302850\/fp_cyc-chart.pdf"},{"issue":"4","key":"2025111814511467200_R4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"635","DOI":"10.1097\/GRF.0000000000000070","article-title":"The Contraceptive CHOICE Project Round Up.","volume":"57","author":"McNicholas","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin Obstet Gynecol."},{"issue":"1","key":"2025111814511467200_R5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1016\/j.contraception.2016.08.008","article-title":"A review of intrauterine contraception in the Asia-Pacific region.","volume":"95","author":"Bateson","year":"2017","journal-title":"Contraception."},{"issue":"3","key":"2025111814511467200_R6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1111\/ajo.12463","article-title":"Regional variation in post-abortion initiation of long-acting reversible contraception in New Zealand.","volume":"56","author":"Rose","year":"2016","journal-title":"Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol."},{"issue":"4","key":"2025111814511467200_R7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1016\/j.contraception.2010.04.021","article-title":"Uptake and adherence to long-acting reversible contraception post-abortion.","volume":"82","author":"Rose","year":"2010","journal-title":"Contraception."},{"key":"2025111814511467200_R8"},{"issue":"3","key":"2025111814511467200_R9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1016\/j.contraception.2013.11.011","article-title":"Worldwide use of intrauterine contraception: a review.","volume":"89","author":"Buhling","year":"2014","journal-title":"Contraception."},{"key":"2025111814511467200_R10","unstructured":"Information Services Division. Long acting reversible methods of contraception in Scotland. National Services Scotland, Information Services Division; 2016. [cited 2018 June 8]. Available from: http:\/\/www.isdscotland.org\/Health-Topics\/Sexual-Health\/Publications\/2016-09-20\/2016-09-20-LARC-Report.pdf"},{"issue":"4","key":"2025111814511467200_R11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e265","DOI":"10.1016\/j.whi.2013.05.004","article-title":"Cost-savings from the provision of specific contraceptive methods in 2009.","volume":"23","author":"Foster","year":"2013","journal-title":"Women\u2019s Health Issues."},{"issue":"1","key":"2025111814511467200_R12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1016\/j.contraception.2008.08.003","article-title":"Cost effectiveness of contraceptives in the United States.","volume":"79","author":"Trussell","year":"2009","journal-title":"Contraception."},{"issue":"1","key":"2025111814511467200_R13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/j.contraception.2014.08.011","article-title":"Achieving cost-neutrality with long-acting reversible contraceptive methods.","volume":"91","author":"Trussell","year":"2015","journal-title":"Contraception."},{"issue":"2","key":"2025111814511467200_R14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1016\/j.contraception.2012.07.016","article-title":"Burden of unintended pregnancy in the United States: potential savings with increased use of long-acting reversible contraception.","volume":"87","author":"Trussell","year":"2013","journal-title":"Contraception."},{"issue":"4","key":"2025111814511467200_R15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"696","DOI":"10.1111\/1468-0009.12080","article-title":"Return on investment: a fuller assessment of the benefits and cost savings of the US Publicly Funded Family Planning Program.","volume":"92","author":"Frost","year":"2014","journal-title":"Milbank Q."},{"issue":"6","key":"2025111814511467200_R16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1338","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/den091","article-title":"The cost-effectiveness of long-acting reversible contraceptive methods in the UK: analysis based on a decision-analytic model developed for a National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) clinical practice guideline.","volume":"23","author":"Mavranezouli","year":"2008","journal-title":"Hum Reprod."},{"key":"2025111814511467200_R17","unstructured":"Family Planning New Zealand. Family Planning Strategic Framework 2016\u20132020. Wellington: Family Planning New Zealand; 2016. [cited 2018 June 8]. Available from: http:\/\/www.familyplanning.org.nz\/media\/302944\/familyplanning_strategic-framework_2016-2020.pdf"},{"key":"2025111814511467200_R18","unstructured":"Ministry of Health. New Zealand Health Strategy: future direction. City: Publisher; 2016. [cited 2018 June 8]. 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