{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,24]],"date-time":"2026-02-24T15:28:13Z","timestamp":1771946893330,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"CSIRO Publishing","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,22]],"date-time":"2025-05-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1747872000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":1246,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,23]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Gabapentinoid prescribing is increasing in New Zealand. International evidence suggests that this prescribing trend is followed by increasing harms, including misuse, dependence, overdose, and psychological harms including suicidal thoughts or behaviours. However, there is limited guidance for prescribers on how to manage these potential harms. Here, we summarise the current international literature and identify three main risk factors that can be used for screening purposes when considering prescribing a gabapentinoid, to identify patients that may be at greater risk of harm. Based on current knowledge of harms, we provide guidance to prescribers on monitoring patients taking gabapentinoids. Finally, we summarise the evidence regarding tapering, and highlight key knowledge gaps including other interventions, referral, and data from primary care populations.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1071\/hc21011","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,23]],"date-time":"2021-12-23T00:57:39Z","timestamp":1640221059000},"page":"302-307","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Managing the misuse potential and risk of psychological harm from gabapentinoids in primary care in New Zealand"],"prefix":"10.1071","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Shaun","family":"Aindow","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"AUniversity of Otago Medical School, Christchurch, New Zealand."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rose","family":"Crossin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BDepartment of Population Health, University of Otago Medical School, 34 Gloucester St, Christchurch, New Zealand."},{"name":"DCorresponding author. Email: rose.crossin@otago.ac.nz"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Les","family":"Toop","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CDepartment of General Practice, University of Otago Medical School, Christchurch, New Zealand."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ben","family":"Hudson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CDepartment of General Practice, University of Otago Medical School, Christchurch, New Zealand."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"67","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025111814525291000_R1"},{"key":"2025111814525291000_R2","unstructured":"Medsafe. Pregabalin Pfizer data sheet. Wellington: Medsafe; 2019. [cited 2020 December 21]. Available from: https:\/\/www.medsafe.govt.nz\/profs\/datasheet\/l\/Lyricacaps.pdf."},{"key":"2025111814525291000_R3","unstructured":"Medsafe. Gabapentin data sheet. Wellington: Medsafe; 2019. [cited 2020 December 21]. Available from: https:\/\/www.medsafe.govt.nz\/profs\/Datasheet\/a\/arrowgabapentincap.pdf."},{"issue":"(1","key":"2025111814525291000_R4","article-title":"Pregabalin for neuropathic pain in adults.","author":"Derry","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev."},{"issue":"1","key":"2025111814525291000_R5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1097\/YIC.0000000000000147","article-title":"Pregabalin for generalized anxiety disorder: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis.","volume":"32","author":"Generoso","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int Clin Psychopharmacol."},{"issue":"10173","key":"2025111814525291000_R6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"768","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)31793-8","article-title":"Pharmacological treatments for generalised anxiety disorder: a systematic review and network meta-analysis.","volume":"393","author":"Slee","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet."},{"issue":"1","key":"2025111814525291000_R7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2018.5705","article-title":"Assessment of pregabalin postapproval trials and the suggestion of efficacy for new indications: a systematic review.","volume":"179","author":"Federico","year":"2019","journal-title":"JAMA Intern Med."},{"key":"2025111814525291000_R8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"l4672.","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.l4672","article-title":"Industry payments to doctors drive surge in gabapentinoid prescribing, study finds.","volume":"366","author":"Dyer","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMJ."},{"issue":"5","key":"2025111814525291000_R9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"695","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2019.0086","article-title":"A clinical overview of off-label use of gabapentinoid drugs.","volume":"179","author":"Goodman","year":"2019","journal-title":"JAMA Intern Med."},{"issue":"6","key":"2025111814525291000_R10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1026","DOI":"10.1111\/add.14412","article-title":"Rising pregabalin use and misuse in Australia: trends in utilization and intentional poisonings.","volume":"114","author":"Cairns","year":"2019","journal-title":"Addiction."},{"issue":"2","key":"2025111814525291000_R11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.5694\/mja2.12036","article-title":"Pregabalin misuse-related ambulance attendances in Victoria, 2012\u20132017: characteristics of patients and attendances.","volume":"210","author":"Crossin","year":"2019","journal-title":"Med J Aust."},{"issue":"20","key":"2025111814525291000_R12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2149","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2018.12358","article-title":"Trends in first gabapentin and pregabalin prescriptions in primary care in the United Kingdom, 1993\u20132017.","volume":"320","author":"Montastruc","year":"2018","journal-title":"JAMA."},{"issue":"12","key":"2025111814525291000_R13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2021","DOI":"10.1007\/s00228-013-1578-5","article-title":"Pregabalin abuse among opiate addicted patients.","volume":"69","author":"Grosshans","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Pharmacol."},{"key":"2025111814525291000_R14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1022.","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2019.01022","article-title":"Pregabalin abuse in combination with other drugs: monitoring among methadone patients.","volume":"10","author":"Lancia","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Psychiatry."},{"issue":"12","key":"2025111814525291000_R15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1185","DOI":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2017.08.430","article-title":"How addictive are gabapentin and pregabalin? A systematic review.","volume":"27","author":"Bonnet","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur Neuropsychopharmacol."},{"issue":"5","key":"2025111814525291000_R16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"659.","DOI":"10.1111\/cns.13115","article-title":"Pregabalin: a range of misuse-related unanswered questions.","volume":"25","author":"Schifano","year":"2019","journal-title":"CNS Neurosci Ther."},{"issue":"4","key":"2025111814525291000_R17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1007\/s40261-017-0616-y","article-title":"Intentional drug overdose involving pregabalin and gabapentin: findings from the National Self-Harm Registry Ireland, 2007\u20132015.","volume":"38","author":"Daly","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin Drug Investig."},{"issue":"7","key":"2025111814525291000_R18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"564","DOI":"10.1093\/jat\/bkz036","article-title":"Misuse and mortality related to gabapentin and pregabalin are being under-estimated: a two-year 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Protocol for the management of Pregabalin and Gabapentin use in HMP Lewes United Kingdom: NHS Foundation Trust. Available from: https:\/\/www.sps.nhs.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/08\/M-Protocol_for_Mgmt_of_pregab-gaba_Sussex.pdf."},{"issue":"4","key":"2025111814525291000_R49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1002\/psb.1664","article-title":"Guide to the management of gabapentinoid misuse.","volume":"29","author":"Parsons","year":"2018","journal-title":"Prescriber."},{"key":"2025111814525291000_R50"},{"issue":"11","key":"2025111814525291000_R51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"910","DOI":"10.2146\/ajhp090313","article-title":"Withdrawal symptoms after gabapentin discontinuation.","volume":"67","author":"Hellwig","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Health Syst Pharm."},{"issue":"2","key":"2025111814525291000_R52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1097\/ADM.0b013e3182872718","article-title":"Concerns about pregabalin: further experience with its potential of causing addictive behaviors.","volume":"7","author":"Gahr","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Addict Med."},{"issue":"3","key":"2025111814525291000_R53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-5618.2005.00200.x","article-title":"Gabapentin withdrawal syndrome in the presence of a taper.","volume":"7","author":"Tran","year":"2005","journal-title":"Bipolar Disord."},{"issue":"7","key":"2025111814525291000_R54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"925","DOI":"10.1081\/CLT-120016965","article-title":"Gabapentin withdrawal presenting as status epilepticus.","volume":"40","author":"Barrueto","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Toxicol Clin Toxicol."},{"issue":"1337","key":"2025111814525291000_R55","first-page":"63","article-title":"Patterns of chronic pain in the New Zealand population.","volume":"124","author":"Dominick","year":"2011","journal-title":"N Z Med J."},{"key":"2025111814525291000_R56"},{"issue":"1543","key":"2025111814525291000_R57","first-page":"19","article-title":"Are we just dishing out pills constantly to mask their pain? Kai\u0101whina M\u0101ori health workers\u2019 perspectives on pain management for M\u0101ori.","volume":"134","author":"Devan","year":"2021","journal-title":"N Z Med J."},{"key":"2025111814525291000_R58","unstructured":"Health Quality and Safety Commission New Zealand. Atlas of Healthcare Variation (Opioids). Wellington: Health Quality and Safety Commission; 2021. [cited 2021 November 17]. Available from: https:\/\/www.hqsc.govt.nz\/our-programmes\/health-quality-evaluation\/projects\/atlas-of-healthcare-variation\/opioids\/"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025111814525291000_R59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2008.02364.x","article-title":"Effectiveness of current treatment approaches for benzodiazepine discontinuation: a meta-analysis.","volume":"104","author":"Parr","year":"2009","journal-title":"Addiction."},{"issue":"4","key":"2025111814525291000_R60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1080\/02791072.2012.720169","article-title":"Integrating screening, brief intervention, and referral to treatment (SBIRT) into clinical practice settings: a brief review.","volume":"44","author":"Agerwala","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Psychoactive Drugs."},{"issue":"3","key":"2025111814525291000_R61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1300\/J465v28n03_03","article-title":"Screening, Brief Intervention, and Referral to Treatment (SBIRT) toward a public health approach to the management of substance abuse.","volume":"28","author":"Babor","year":"2007","journal-title":"Subst Abus."},{"key":"2025111814525291000_R62","unstructured":"Ministry of Health. Pharmaceutical Collection 2021. Wellington: Ministry of Health; 2021. [cited 2021 November 17]. Available from: https:\/\/www.health.govt.nz\/nz-health-statistics\/national-collections-and-surveys\/collections\/pharmaceutical-collection"}],"container-title":["The Journal of Primary Health Care"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/connectsci.au\/hc\/article-pdf\/13\/4\/302\/223298\/hc21011.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/connectsci.au\/hc\/article-pdf\/13\/4\/302\/223298\/hc21011.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,18]],"date-time":"2025-11-18T19:53:01Z","timestamp":1763495581000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/connectsci.au\/hc\/article\/13\/4\/302\/35023\/Managing-the-misuse-potential-and-risk-of"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,23]]},"references-count":62,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,23]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,23]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1071\/hc21011","relation":{},"ISSN":["1172-6156"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1172-6156","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,23]]}}}