{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T00:47:42Z","timestamp":1777337262602,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"CSIRO Publishing","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,30]],"date-time":"2026-03-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1774828800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"\n Introduction<\/jats:title>\n Elimination of hepatitis C virus (HCV) is possible with publicly funded, highly effective and well-tolerated oral treatment. However, most people with chronic HCV are asymptomatic and remain undiagnosed until complications develop. Furthermore, HCV testing and treatment inequities remain for M\u0101ori. The addition of HCV testing to blood sampling for other indications in widely accessed settings to augment current screening strategies warrants further investigation.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Aim<\/jats:title>\n We analysed national and regional data to compare attenders at community laboratories and hospital emergency departments (EDs), and Northern Region data from ED attenders to determine the proportion who had blood sampling.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n National data (July 2023\u2013June 2024) and Northern Region data (November 2024) were extracted for people aged \u226520\u00a0years.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n Among 2,586,051 adult attenders at either setting, most (75%) attended community laboratories only, 8% attended EDs only, and 17% attended both (dual attenders). Although M\u0101ori represented a higher proportion of ED attenders than community laboratory attenders (22% vs 11%), the number of M\u0101ori attenders was 4.4 times greater for community laboratories vs EDs (203,585 vs 46,009). Of community laboratory attenders, 53% (n\u00a0=\u00a01,013,690) were aged 40\u201369\u00a0years, the age group with the highest HCV prevalence. Among 28,396 ED attenders in the Northern Region, 77% had a blood test at that visit.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Discussion<\/jats:title>\n These findings suggest that HCV screening at community laboratories could test more people, including M\u0101ori, than screening at EDs. However, the ED setting could capture people who may not engage with other health services, an important group for targeted outreach.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1071\/hc26042","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T00:01:51Z","timestamp":1777334511000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Demographic profile of potential target populations in community laboratory and emergency department settings for consideration in expanding hepatitis C screening in Aotearoa New Zealand"],"prefix":"10.1071","author":[{"given":"Jean","family":"Wignall","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"AHealth Gain Development, Planning, Funding and Outcomes, Health New Zealand | Te Whatu Ora, Auckland, New Zealand. Email: Jean.Wignall@TeWhatuOra.govt.nz, Lily.Yang@TeWhatuOra.govt.nz, Phyusin.Aye@TeWhatuOra.govt.nz, Clair.Miao@TeWhatuOra.govt.nz, Catherine.Jackson@TeWhatuOra.govt.nz, Karen.Bartholomew@TeWhatuOra.govt.nz"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-2115-3481","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Wendy","family":"Bennett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"AHealth Gain Development, Planning, Funding and Outcomes, Health New Zealand | Te Whatu Ora, Auckland, New Zealand. Email: Jean.Wignall@TeWhatuOra.govt.nz, Lily.Yang@TeWhatuOra.govt.nz, Phyusin.Aye@TeWhatuOra.govt.nz, Clair.Miao@TeWhatuOra.govt.nz, Catherine.Jackson@TeWhatuOra.govt.nz, Karen.Bartholomew@TeWhatuOra.govt.nz"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-6565-1312","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Lily P. H.","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"AHealth Gain Development, Planning, Funding and Outcomes, Health New Zealand | Te Whatu Ora, Auckland, New Zealand. Email: Jean.Wignall@TeWhatuOra.govt.nz, Lily.Yang@TeWhatuOra.govt.nz, Phyusin.Aye@TeWhatuOra.govt.nz, Clair.Miao@TeWhatuOra.govt.nz, Catherine.Jackson@TeWhatuOra.govt.nz, Karen.Bartholomew@TeWhatuOra.govt.nz"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Phyu","family":"Sin Aye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"AHealth Gain Development, Planning, Funding and Outcomes, Health New Zealand | Te Whatu Ora, Auckland, New Zealand. Email: Jean.Wignall@TeWhatuOra.govt.nz, Lily.Yang@TeWhatuOra.govt.nz, Phyusin.Aye@TeWhatuOra.govt.nz, Clair.Miao@TeWhatuOra.govt.nz, Catherine.Jackson@TeWhatuOra.govt.nz, Karen.Bartholomew@TeWhatuOra.govt.nz"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Clair Shiuan","family":"Miao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"AHealth Gain Development, Planning, Funding and Outcomes, Health New Zealand | Te Whatu Ora, Auckland, New Zealand. Email: Jean.Wignall@TeWhatuOra.govt.nz, Lily.Yang@TeWhatuOra.govt.nz, Phyusin.Aye@TeWhatuOra.govt.nz, Clair.Miao@TeWhatuOra.govt.nz, Catherine.Jackson@TeWhatuOra.govt.nz, Karen.Bartholomew@TeWhatuOra.govt.nz"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Catherine","family":"Jackson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"AHealth Gain Development, Planning, Funding and Outcomes, Health New Zealand | Te Whatu Ora, Auckland, New Zealand. Email: Jean.Wignall@TeWhatuOra.govt.nz, Lily.Yang@TeWhatuOra.govt.nz, Phyusin.Aye@TeWhatuOra.govt.nz, Clair.Miao@TeWhatuOra.govt.nz, Catherine.Jackson@TeWhatuOra.govt.nz, Karen.Bartholomew@TeWhatuOra.govt.nz"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1517-2134","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Karen","family":"Bartholomew","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"AHealth Gain Development, Planning, Funding and Outcomes, Health New Zealand | Te Whatu Ora, Auckland, New Zealand. Email: Jean.Wignall@TeWhatuOra.govt.nz, Lily.Yang@TeWhatuOra.govt.nz, Phyusin.Aye@TeWhatuOra.govt.nz, Clair.Miao@TeWhatuOra.govt.nz, Catherine.Jackson@TeWhatuOra.govt.nz, Karen.Bartholomew@TeWhatuOra.govt.nz"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6792-6607","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Joanna","family":"Hikaka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BTe Kupenga Hauora M\u0101ori, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand. Email: j.hikaka@auckland.ac.nz"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Edward J.","family":"Gane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CDepartment of Medicine, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand. Email: edgane@adhb.govt.nz"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"67","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026042720014675100_R1"},{"issue":"1620","key":"2026042720014675100_R2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.26635\/6965.7023","article-title":"Updated hepatitis C modelling in Aotearoa New Zealand: a lower burden, but clearer elimination targets.","volume":"138","author":"Walsh","year":"2025","journal-title":"N Z Med J"},{"key":"2026042720014675100_R3"},{"key":"2026042720014675100_R4"},{"issue":"8","key":"2026042720014675100_R5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1047","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciu075","article-title":"Deaths among people with hepatitis C in New York City, 2000\u20132011.","volume":"58","author":"Pinchoff","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"2026042720014675100_R6"},{"key":"2026042720014675100_R7"},{"key":"2026042720014675100_R8"},{"key":"2026042720014675100_R9"},{"issue":"10","key":"2026042720014675100_R10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/liv.70330","article-title":"Beyond risk factors: rethinking hepatitis B and hepatitis C screening in primary care.","volume":"45","author":"Vargas-Accarino","year":"2025","journal-title":"Liver Int"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026042720014675100_R11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1111\/hiv.13328","article-title":"Blood-borne virus testing in emergency departments \u2013 a systematic review of seroprevalence, feasibility, acceptability and linkage to care.","volume":"24","author":"Simmons","year":"2025","journal-title":"HIV Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026042720014675100_R12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.37201\/req\/030.2020","article-title":"Is the universal population Hepatitis C virus screening a cost-effective strategy? A systematic review of the economic evidence.","volume":"33","author":"Ledesma","year":"2020","journal-title":"Rev Esp Quimioter"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026042720014675100_R13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1007\/s40258-021-00694-w","article-title":"Population-based testing for undiagnosed hepatitis C: a systematic review of economic evaluations.","volume":"20","author":"Carty","year":"2022","journal-title":"Appl Health Econ Health Policy"},{"issue":"8","key":"2026042720014675100_R14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1091","DOI":"10.4254\/wjh.v16.i8.1091","article-title":"Bridging the gap: addressing disparities in hepatitis C screening, access to care, and treatment outcomes.","volume":"16","author":"Alenzi","year":"2024","journal-title":"World J Hepatol"},{"key":"2026042720014675100_R15"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026042720014675100_R16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-92654-w","article-title":"Italian screening protocol and genotypes characterization for HCV elimination (2022\u20132023) in Ferrara\u2019s province: a real-world study.","volume":"15","author":"Landini","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026042720014675100_R17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/OR9.0000000000000014","article-title":"An implementation science primer for psycho-oncology: translating robust evidence into practice.","volume":"1","author":"Rankin","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Psychosoc Oncol Res Prac"},{"key":"2026042720014675100_R18"},{"key":"2026042720014675100_R19"},{"key":"2026042720014675100_R20"},{"key":"2026042720014675100_R21"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026042720014675100_R22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"766","DOI":"10.1093\/eurpub\/ckaf103","article-title":"Blood-borne virus testing in European emergency departments: current evidence and service considerations.","volume":"35","author":"Smout","year":"2025","journal-title":"Eur J Public Health"},{"issue":"1567","key":"2026042720014675100_R23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.26635\/6965.5849","article-title":"We still don\u2019t count: the under-counting and under-representation of M\u0101ori in health and disability sector data.","volume":"135","author":"Harris","year":"2022","journal-title":"N Z Med J"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026042720014675100_R24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-024-17984-2","article-title":"Selective under-representation of Pacific peoples in population estimates for health indicator measurements in Aotearoa New Zealand misinforms policy making.","volume":"24","author":"Sonder","year":"2024","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026042720014675100_R25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1111\/jvh.13197","article-title":"Consistent high prevalence of undiagnosed blood-borne virus infection in patients attending large urban emergency departments in England.","volume":"27","author":"Hopkins","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Viral Hepat"},{"key":"2026042720014675100_R26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(22)00498-6","article-title":"Clinical impact and cost-effectiveness of hepatitis C testing in an emergency department in Barcelona, Spain [abstract OS052].","volume":"77","author":"Llaneras","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"2026042720014675100_R27"},{"key":"2026042720014675100_R28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"795","DOI":"10.1007\/s15010-025-02710-w","article-title":"Universal opt-in HIV, HBV and HCV testing in an emergency department: implementation and outcomes of a comprehensive screening program.","volume":"54","author":"H\u00fclsd\u00fcnker","year":"2026","journal-title":"Infection"},{"issue":"32","key":"2026042720014675100_R29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4878","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v26.i32.4878","article-title":"Emergency department targeted screening for hepatitis C does not improve linkage to care.","volume":"26","author":"Houri","year":"2020","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"6","key":"2026042720014675100_R30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2025.10563","article-title":"Hepatitis C screening in emergency departments: the DETECT hep C randomized clinical trial.","volume":"334","author":"Haukoos","year":"2025","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026042720014675100_R31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"719","DOI":"10.5811\/westjem.2021.1.49667","article-title":"Universal screening for hepatitis C virus in the ED using a best practice advisory.","volume":"22","author":"Ford","year":"2021","journal-title":"West J Emerg Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026042720014675100_R32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1111\/jvh.13393","article-title":"Screening Emergency Admissions at Risk of Chronic Hepatitis C (SEARCH) to diagnose or \u2018re-diagnose\u2019 infections is effective in Australia.","volume":"28","author":"Prince","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Viral Hepat"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026042720014675100_R33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1071\/HC24023","article-title":"How is enrolment with a general practice associated with subsequent use of the emergency department in Aotearoa New Zealand? A cohort study.","volume":"16","author":"Pledger","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Prim Health Care"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026042720014675100_R34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofaf056","article-title":"Enhancing hepatitis C virus testing, linkage to care, and treatment commencement in hospitals: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","volume":"12","author":"Mathews","year":"2025","journal-title":"Open Forum Infect Dis"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026042720014675100_R35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1111\/1753-6405.12971","article-title":"Experiences of M\u0101ori of Aotearoa New Zealand\u2019s public health system: a systematic review of two decades of published qualitative research.","volume":"44","author":"Graham","year":"2020","journal-title":"Aust N Z J Public Health"},{"issue":"1610","key":"2026042720014675100_R36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.26635\/6965.6596","article-title":"Hepatitis C virus seroprevalence in defined populations in New Zealand: data from a general practice-based screening programme.","volume":"138","author":"Tiong","year":"2025","journal-title":"N Z Med J"},{"issue":"8","key":"2026042720014675100_R37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1003","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jval.2020.03.014","article-title":"An economic evaluation of the cost-effectiveness of opt-out hepatitis B and hepatitis C testing in an emergency department setting in the United Kingdom.","volume":"23","author":"Williams","year":"2020","journal-title":"Value Health"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026042720014675100_R38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgph.0001559","article-title":"Early cost-utility analysis of hepatitis C virus testing for emergency department attendees in France.","volume":"3","author":"Noiriel","year":"2023","journal-title":"PLoS Glob Public Health"},{"key":"2026042720014675100_R39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/3449938","article-title":"Finding cases of hepatitis C for treatment using automated screening in the Emergency Department is effective, but what is the cost?","volume":"2022","author":"Prince","year":"2022","journal-title":"Can J Gastroenterol Hepatol"}],"container-title":["The Journal of Primary Health Care"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/connectsci.au\/hc\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.1071\/HC26042\/1863959\/hc26042.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/connectsci.au\/hc\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.1071\/HC26042\/1863959\/hc26042.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T00:01:52Z","timestamp":1777334512000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/connectsci.au\/hc\/article\/doi\/10.1071\/HC26042\/272298\/Demographic-profile-of-potential-target"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Felicity","family":"Goodyear-Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"editor","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]]},"references-count":39,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1071\/hc26042","relation":{},"ISSN":["1172-6156"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1172-6156","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]]}}}