{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,20]],"date-time":"2026-05-20T05:47:59Z","timestamp":1779256079648,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,31]],"date-time":"2016-10-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1477872000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Health Prom J of Aust"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Issue addressed<\/jats:title><jats:p>To compare the level of cervical screening uptake between refugee and non\u2010refugee African immigrant women living in Brisbane, Australia, and examine factors associated with Pap smear testing.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Cross\u2010sectional survey with a convenience sample of 254 women aged 21\u201362 years from 22 African countries (144 refugees, 110 non\u2010refugees). Chi\u2010square tests were used to compare the demographic and health\u2010related characteristics between refugee and non\u2010refugee women. Bivariate and multiple logistic regression analyses were used to assess the relationship between the outcome variable (Pap smear testing) and the independent variables.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Two\u2010thirds of women had used Pap smear services in Australia. Chi\u2010square test analysis established that non\u2010refugee women were significantly more likely to have used Pap smear services than refugee women (73.6% vs 61.8% respectively; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.047). Immigration status, however, was not a significant predictor of cervical screening uptake in the multiple regression analyses. The significant predictors for screening uptake in these analyses were work arrangement, parity, healthcare visit, knowledge about Pap smear and perceived susceptibility to cervical cancer.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Most women relied on opportunistic screening after receiving invitation letters to screen or after visiting health professionals for antenatal or postnatal care.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>So what?<\/jats:title><jats:p>The findings suggest that organised cervical screening programs are not reaching most African immigrant women living in Brisbane. It is incumbent on the public health sector, including healthcare professionals and settlement agencies working with African communities, to develop health promotion strategies that meaningfully engage African immigrant women, including those from refugee backgrounds, to enhance their knowledge about cervical cancer and screening practices.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1071\/he16017","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,1]],"date-time":"2016-11-01T21:59:56Z","timestamp":1478037596000},"page":"217-224","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["A survey of cervical screening among refugee and non\u2010refugee African immigrant women in Brisbane, Australia"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Judith A.","family":"Anaman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ignacio","family":"Correa\u2010Velez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Julie","family":"King","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","volume-title":"Human papillomavirus and related diseases in the world. 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