{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,31]],"date-time":"2026-07-31T16:39:21Z","timestamp":1785515961808,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"CSIRO Publishing","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,6]],"date-time":"2025-08-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754438400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":286,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,17]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A recent consensus statement on post-stroke fatigue noted the Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS) should be the primary outcome measure in post-stroke fatigue research. It also noted that data to calculate clinically reliable changes on the FSS have not been established for stroke. We present FSS data collected at 1 and 12 months post stroke, allowing the assessment of clinically reliable change by stroke type and subtype for ischaemic stroke (IS).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The sample included all participants of the fifth Auckland Region Community Outcomes of Stroke study (ARCOS-V) who consented and had FSS data (n = 338). Stroke type was recorded (IS, intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH), and subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH)), and IS subtypes were defined using the Trial of Org 10172 in Acute Stroke Treatment (TOAST) classifications. \u2018Clinically reliable change\u2019 between 1 and 12 month FSS scores was calculated using Jacobsen and Traux\u2019s updated formula.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Participants with ICH had the highest FSS scores at 1 month. Across IS subtypes, those with small vessel disease had the highest FSS scores at 1 month, and this increased at 12 months. Statistically significant reductions in mean FSS were found for patients with IS of other aetiology and SAH. Regarding clinically reliable changes, the greatest proportion of individuals had no clinically reliable change in FSS, up to 20% experienced reliable reductions, and 0\u201311% experienced reliable increases in FSS scores.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Although most participants had no clinically reliable change in fatigue between 1 and 12 months, statistically significant reductions in FSS were identified for patients with IS and SAH. Of those who did experience reliable change, the majority had reductions in fatigue over time.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1071\/ib24034","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,24]],"date-time":"2024-10-24T00:08:16Z","timestamp":1729728496000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Use of the Fatigue Severity Scale to assess clinically reliable temporal changes in post-stroke fatigue by stroke type and subtype"],"prefix":"10.1071","volume":"25","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8659-0202","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Suzanne","family":"Barker-Collo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"ASchool of Psychology\/Te Kura Matai Hinengaro, The University of Auckland\/Waipapa Taumata Rau, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rita","family":"Krishnamurthi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BNational Institute for Stroke and Applied Neurorehabilitation, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Valery","family":"Feigin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BNational Institute for Stroke and Applied Neurorehabilitation, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Balakrishnan","family":"Nair","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BNational Institute for Stroke and Applied Neurorehabilitation, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alan","family":"Barber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CDepartment of Neurology, Auckland City Hospital, Centre for Brain Research, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amanda G.","family":"Thrift","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"DStroke and Ageing Research Department of Medicine School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Victorian Heart Hospital, Monash University, Clayton, Vic, Australia."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Ranta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"EDepartment of Medicine, University of Otago, Wellington, New Zealand."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Derrick","family":"Bennett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"FClinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeroen","family":"Douwes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"GResearch Centre for Hauora and Health, Massey University, Wellington, New Zealand."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"El-Shadan","family":"Tautolo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"HDepartment of Public Health and Psychosocial Studies, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dominique A.","family":"Cadilhac","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"DStroke and Ageing Research Department of Medicine School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Victorian Heart Hospital, Monash University, Clayton, Vic, Australia."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Varsha","family":"Parag","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INational Institute for Health Innovation, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bruce","family":"Arroll","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"JFaculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"67","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,24]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"2025110416152488300_R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1161\/01.str.24.1.35","article-title":"Classification of subtype of acute ischemic stroke. Definitions for use in a multicenter clinical trial. TOAST. Trial of Org 10172 in Acute Stroke Treatment.","volume":"24","author":"Adams","year":"1993","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"2025110416152488300_R2","first-page":"113","article-title":"Cerebrovascular disease in the community: results of a WHO collaborative study.","volume":"58","author":"Aho","year":"1980","journal-title":"Bulletin of the World Health Organisation"},{"issue":"4","key":"2025110416152488300_R3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1177\/23969873211047681","article-title":"Prevalence of fatigue after stroke: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","volume":"6","author":"Alghamdi","year":"2021","journal-title":"European Stroke Journal"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025110416152488300_R4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1123\/ijspp.1.1.50","article-title":"Making meaningful inferences about magnitudes.","volume":"1","author":"Batterham","year":"2006","journal-title":"International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance"},{"key":"2025110416152488300_R5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"864","DOI":"10.1161\/01.str.20.7.864","article-title":"Measurements of acute cerebral infarction\u2014a clinical examination scale.","volume":"20","author":"Brott","year":"1989","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"2025110416152488300_R6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1159\/000082784","article-title":"Poststroke fatigue: characteristics and related factors.","volume":"19","author":"Choi-Kwon","year":"2005","journal-title":"Cerebrovascular Disease"},{"key":"2025110416152488300_R7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychores.2012.04.001","article-title":"Frequency and natural history of fatigue after stroke: a systematic review of longitudinal studies.","volume":"73","author":"Duncan","year":"2012","journal-title":"Journal of Psychosomatic Research"},{"key":"2025110416152488300_R8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1177\/15459683231209170","article-title":"A roadmap for research in post-stroke fatigue: consensus-based core recommendations from the third Stroke Recovery and Rehabilitation Roundtable.","volume":"38","author":"English","year":"2024","journal-title":"Neurorehabilitation and Neural Repair"},{"issue":"8","key":"2025110416152488300_R9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0134609","article-title":"30-Year Trends in Stroke Rates and Outcome in Auckland, New Zealand (1981-2012): A Multi-Ethnic Population-Based Series of Studies.","volume":"10","author":"Feigin","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2025110416152488300_R10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"952","DOI":"10.1212\/wnl.55.7.952","article-title":"Predicting prognosis after stroke: a placebo group analysis from the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke rt-PA Stroke Trial.","volume":"55","author":"Frankel","year":"2000","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"2025110416152488300_R11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1327","DOI":"10.1161\/01.str.0000014248.28711.d6","article-title":"Poststroke fatigue: a two year follow up study of stroke patients in Sweden.","volume":"33","author":"Glader","year":"2002","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"2025110416152488300_R12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1493","DOI":"10.1177\/10731911231221808","article-title":"The Duration-Adjusted Reliable Change Index: Defining Clinically Relevant Symptom Changes of Varying Durations.","volume":"31","author":"Helmich","year":"2024","journal-title":"Assessment"},{"key":"2025110416152488300_R13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(22)00044-8","article-title":"Research priorities to improve stroke outcomes.","volume":"21","author":"Hill","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet Neurology"},{"issue":"3","key":"2025110416152488300_R14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/glw167","article-title":"Interactions of Subjective and Objective Measures of Fatigue Defined in the Context of Brain Control of Locomotion.","volume":"72","author":"Holzer","year":"2017","journal-title":"Journal of Gerontology A, Biological Science Medical Science"},{"key":"2025110416152488300_R15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1037\/\/0022-006x.59.1.12","article-title":"Clinical significance: a statistical approach to defining meaningful change in psychotherapy-research.","volume":"59","author":"Jacobson","year":"1991","journal-title":"Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology"},{"key":"2025110416152488300_R16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1186\/s41687-021-00307-z","article-title":"Post-stroke fatigue: an exploratory study with patients and health professionals to develop a patient-reported outcome measure.","volume":"5","author":"Johansen Skogestad","year":"2021","journal-title":"Journal of Patient-Reported Outcomes"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025110416152488300_R17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1111\/ijs.12108","article-title":"Methodology of a population-based stroke and TIA incidence and outcomes study: the Auckland Regional Community Stroke Study (ARCOS IV) 2011\u20132012.","volume":"9","author":"Krishnamurthi","year":"2014","journal-title":"International Journal of Stroke"},{"issue":"10","key":"2025110416152488300_R18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1121","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.1989.00520460115022","article-title":"The fatigue severity scale. Application to patients with Multiple Sclerosis and systemic lupus erythematosus.","volume":"46","author":"Krupp","year":"1989","journal-title":"Archives of Neurology"},{"issue":"10","key":"2025110416152488300_R19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1258","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2011.02.019","article-title":"Psychometric properties of the fatigue severity Scale\u2014Rasch analyses of individual responses in a Norwegian stroke cohort.","volume":"48","author":"Lerdal","year":"2011","journal-title":"International Journal of Nursing Studies"},{"key":"2025110416152488300_R20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1817","DOI":"10.1161\/01.str.27.10.1817","article-title":"Comparison of neurological scales and scoring systems for acute stroke prognosis.","volume":"27","author":"Muir","year":"1996","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"issue":"2","key":"2025110416152488300_R21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1080\/10749357.2018.1550957","article-title":"Validity and reliability of fatigue severity scale in stroke.","volume":"26","author":"Ozyemisci-Taskiran","year":"2019","journal-title":"Topics in Stroke Rehabilitation"},{"issue":"5","key":"2025110416152488300_R22","first-page":"726","article-title":"Clinical Commentary. Beyond statistical significance: clinical Interpretation of rehabilitation research literature.","volume":"9","author":"Page","year":"2014","journal-title":"International Journal of Sports Physical Therapy"},{"key":"2025110416152488300_R23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/347920","article-title":"Factors associated with poststroke fatigue: a systematic review.","volume":"2015","author":"Ponchel","year":"2015","journal-title":"Stroke Research and Treatment"},{"issue":"3","key":"2025110416152488300_R24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"550","DOI":"10.1161\/01.str.27.3.550","article-title":"Comparing stroke incidence worldwide: what makes studies comparable?","volume":"27","author":"Sudlow","year":"1996","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"2025110416152488300_R25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.3109\/11038120903171295","article-title":"Relationship between competency in activities, injury severity, and post-concussion symptoms after traumatic brain injury.","volume":"17","author":"Sveen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Scandinavian Journal of Occupational Therapy"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025110416152488300_R26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1159\/000095757","article-title":"Is fatigue an independent factor associated with activities of daily living, instrumental activities of daily living and health-related quality of life in chronic stroke?","volume":"23","author":"van de Port","year":"2007","journal-title":"Cerebrovascular Diseases"}],"container-title":["Brain Impairment"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/connectsci.au\/ib\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.1071\/IB24034\/583716\/ib24034.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/connectsci.au\/ib\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.1071\/IB24034\/583716\/ib24034.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,4]],"date-time":"2025-11-04T21:15:27Z","timestamp":1762290927000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/connectsci.au\/ib\/article\/25\/4\/IB24034\/81726\/Use-of-the-Fatigue-Severity-Scale-to-assess"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Julia","family":"Schmidt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,24]]},"references-count":26,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,17]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1071\/ib24034","relation":{},"ISSN":["1443-9646","1839-5252"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1443-9646","type":"print"},{"value":"1839-5252","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,24]]},"article-number":"IB24034"}}