{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T00:02:31Z","timestamp":1789516951485,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"CSIRO Publishing","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,18]],"date-time":"2025-11-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1763424000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":384,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1071\/journalslicense"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100031478","name":"NextGenerationEU","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CN00000033"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CN00000033"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100031478","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,31]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Mesopsammic polyclad members in the family Boniniidae have attracted attention in terms of their evolutionary shifts of microhabitat and their unique morphology such as a pair of pointed tentacles extending from the anterolateral margins and prostatoid organs harbouring stylets. Here, we establish a new species of this family as Boninia panamensissp. nov. from the Pacific coasts of Panama, based on its morphological characteristics of (i) four cerebral and 61\u201380 marginal eyespots, (ii) two prostatoid organs located anterior and posterior to the penis papilla, and (iii) two uterine canals departing from the anterior part of the Lang\u2019s vesicle. We also report Boninia cf. uru from Hawai\u2019i, USA, based on its morphological identity with B. uru from Okinawa, Japan, along with their genetic distances for the partial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) sequences, which were beyond the range of intraspecific differences observed in congeners in this study. Boninia oaxaquensis is also reported from Panama as a new locality for the species. Involving the above-mentioned three species sequenced herein, we reconstructed molecular phylogenetic trees of Boninia based on the four gene markers (18S rDNA, 28S rDNA, 16S rDNA and COI). Our phylogenetic trees indicated the synapomorphy within the genus Boninia of the small numbers of stylets (2\u20134) and the connection route of the uterine canals to the Lang\u2019s vesicle. The results also showed a characteristic distribution pattern in which pairs of species in distinct lineages occurred sympatrically with different microhabitats, as observed in Boninia uru and Boninia yambarensis in Okinawa and B. panamensissp. nov. and B. oaxaquensis in Panama. In addition, we discuss possible speciation pathways in this genus based on the tree topology.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>ZooBank: urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:D414BACD-C14A-4B34-8AF9-7ACBA28F46D0<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1071\/is24009","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,30]],"date-time":"2024-10-30T00:40:17Z","timestamp":1730248817000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Molecular phylogeny of Boninia (Platyhelminthes: Polycladida), with description of a new species from the Pacific coasts of Panama"],"prefix":"10.1071","volume":"38","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6001-0679","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Aoi","family":"Tsuyuki","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"AFaculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan."},{"name":"BCreative Research Institution, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jon","family":"Norenburg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CDepartment of Invertebrate Zoology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesca","family":"Leasi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"DDepartment of Biology, Geology, and Environmental Science, University of Tennessee at Chattanooga, Chattanooga, TN, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marco","family":"Curini-Galletti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"EDipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Universit\u00e0 di Sassari, Sassari, Italy."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"67","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025112621560493700_R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"716","DOI":"10.1109\/tac.1974.1100705","article-title":"A new look at the statistical model identification.","volume":"19","author":"Akaike","year":"1974","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control"},{"key":"2025112621560493700_R2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btg427","article-title":"Parallel metropolis coupled Markov chain Monte Carlo for Bayesian phylogenetic inference.","volume":"20","author":"Altekar","year":"2004","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"2025112621560493700_R3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2189","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2012.09.036","article-title":"The magnitude of global marine species diversity.","volume":"22","author":"Appeltans","year":"2012","journal-title":"Current Biology"},{"key":"2025112621560493700_R4","first-page":"1","article-title":"Boninia, a new polyclad genus from the Pacific.","volume":"6","author":"Bock","year":"1923","journal-title":"Nova Acta Regiae Societatis Scientiarum Upsaliensis (4)"},{"key":"2025112621560493700_R5"},{"key":"2025112621560493700_R6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.2307\/2406322","article-title":"The east pacific barrier and the distribution of marine shore fishes.","volume":"15","author":"Briggs","year":"1961","journal-title":"Evolution"},{"key":"2025112621560493700_R7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1093\/sysbio\/23.2.248","article-title":"Operation of zoogeographic barriers.","volume":"23","author":"Briggs","year":"1974","journal-title":"Systematic Biology"},{"key":"2025112621560493700_R8"},{"key":"2025112621560493700_R9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"997","DOI":"10.1093\/sysbio\/syw037","article-title":"Terrace aware data structure for phylogenomic inference from supermatrices.","volume":"65","author":"Chernomor","year":"2016","journal-title":"Systematic Biology"},{"key":"2025112621560493700_R10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1017\/s0025315407055014","article-title":"Boninia neotethydis sp. nov. (Platyhelminthes: Polycladida: Cotylea)\u2014the first lessepsian flatworm.","volume":"87","author":"Curini-Galletti","year":"2007","journal-title":"Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom"},{"key":"2025112621560493700_R11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1080\/24750263.2020.1786607","article-title":"Contribution of soft-bodied meiofaunal taxa to Italian marine biodiversity.","volume":"87","author":"Curini-Galletti","year":"2020","journal-title":"The European Zoological Journal"},{"key":"2025112621560493700_R12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.1007\/s13127-019-00415-1","article-title":"Polyclad phylogeny persists to be problematic.","volume":"19","author":"Dittmann","year":"2019","journal-title":"Organisms Diversity & Evolution"},{"key":"2025112621560493700_R13","first-page":"1","article-title":"Polycladida from Cura\u00e7ao and faunistically related regions.","volume":"101","author":"Du Bois-Reymond Marcus","year":"1968","journal-title":"Studies on the fauna of Cura\u00e7ao and other Caribbean Islands"},{"key":"2025112621560493700_R14"},{"key":"2025112621560493700_R15","first-page":"189","article-title":"The Polycladida, Turbellaria. 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(Polycladida: Cotylea) and its predatory behavior on a scaleworm.","volume":"4894","author":"Tsuyuki","year":"2020","journal-title":"Zootaxa"},{"key":"2025112621560493700_R44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0276847","article-title":"Reversible shifts between interstitial and epibenthic habitats in evolutionary history: molecular phylogeny of the marine flatworm family Boniniidae (Platyhelminthes: Polycladida: Cotylea) with descriptions of two new species.","volume":"17","author":"Tsuyuki","year":"2022","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"2025112621560493700_R45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.2108\/zs220105","article-title":"Theama japonica sp. nov., an interstitial polyclad flatworm showing a wide distribution along Japanese Coasts.","volume":"40","author":"Tsuyuki","year":"2023","journal-title":"Zoological Science"},{"key":"2025112621560493700_R46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.3897\/zse.99.102604","article-title":"A new species of slender flatworm in the genus Eucestoplana and a record of E. cf. cuneata (Platyhelminthes, Polycladida) from the Okinawa Islands, Japan, with an inference of their phylogenetic positions within Cestoplanidae.","volume":"99","author":"Tsuyuki","year":"2023","journal-title":"Zoosystematics and Evolution"}],"container-title":["Invertebrate Systematics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/connectsci.au\/is\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.1071\/IS24009\/420823\/is24009.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/connectsci.au\/is\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.1071\/IS24009\/420823\/is24009.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,27]],"date-time":"2025-11-27T02:56:12Z","timestamp":1764212172000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/connectsci.au\/is\/article\/38\/10\/IS24009\/67565\/Molecular-phylogeny-of-Boninia-Platyhelminthes"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Tauana","family":"Cunha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,30]]},"references-count":46,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,31]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1071\/is24009","relation":{},"ISSN":["1445-5226","1447-2600"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1445-5226","type":"print"},{"value":"1447-2600","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,30]]},"article-number":"IS24009"}}