{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,21]],"date-time":"2026-05-21T16:12:39Z","timestamp":1779379959659,"version":"3.53.1"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"CSIRO Publishing","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Aim: To examine trends in the incidence of typhoid fever in NSW to inform the development of prevention strategies. Methods: Typhoid fever case notification data for the period 2005\u20132011 were extracted from the NSW Notifiable Conditions Information Management System. Population incidence rates were calculated and analysed by demographic variables. Results: There were 250 case notifications of typhoid fever in NSW from 2005 to 2011, of which 240 are likely to have been acquired overseas. Case notifications remained relatively stable over the review period with the highest rates in Western Sydney Local Health District (10.9 per 100\u2009000 population). Two-thirds (66.4%) of all case notifications are likely to have been acquired in South Asia, and about half of overseas-acquired case notifications were most likely to have been associated with travel to visit friends and relatives. Hospitalisation was required for 79.6% of cases where hospitalisation status was known. Prior typhoid vaccination was reported in 7% of cases in 2010 and 2011 where vaccination status was known. Conclusion: While typhoid fever rates remain low in NSW, case notifications of this preventable infection continue to be reported, particularly in travellers visiting friends and relatives in South Asia. Further research to better understand barriers to the use of preventive measures may be useful in targeting typhoid fever prevention messages in high-risk groups, particularly South Asian communities in NSW.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1071\/nb12125","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,6]],"date-time":"2013-11-06T23:02:01Z","timestamp":1383778921000},"page":"87-91","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Typhoid fever, NSW, 2005\u20132011"],"prefix":"10.1071","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Praveena","family":"Gunaratnam","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"ANSW Public Health Officer Training Program, NSW Ministry of Health"},{"name":"CSchool of Community and Public Health Medicine, The University of New South Wales"},{"name":"DCorresponding author. Email: pguna@doh.health.nsw.gov.au"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sean","family":"Tobin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BHealth Protection NSW"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Holly","family":"Seale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CSchool of Community and Public Health Medicine, The University of New South Wales"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennie","family":"Musto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BHealth Protection NSW"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"67","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026052102023712300_R1"},{"key":"2026052102023712300_R2"},{"issue":"5","key":"2026052102023712300_R3","first-page":"346","article-title":"The global burden of typhoid fever.","volume":"82","author":"Crump","year":"2004","journal-title":"Bull World Health Organ"},{"key":"2026052102023712300_R4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"623","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(05)70239-5","article-title":"Typhoid and paratyphoid fever in travellers.","volume":"5","author":"Connor","year":"2005","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"2026052102023712300_R5","unstructured":"Australian Government Department of Health and Ageing. National Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System. Typhoid Notifications. Available at: http:\/\/www9.health.gov.au\/cda\/Source\/CDA-index.cfm (Cited 3 May 2012)."},{"key":"2026052102023712300_R6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.33321\/cdi.2000.24.37","article-title":"Typhoid and paratyphoid fever in south-eastern Sydney, 1992\u20131997.","volume":"24","author":"Kidenya","year":"2000","journal-title":"Commun Dis Intell"},{"issue":"12","key":"2026052102023712300_R7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1560","DOI":"10.1086\/518173","article-title":"Fever in returned travellers: results from the GeoSentinel Surveillance Network.","volume":"44","author":"Wilson","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"10","key":"2026052102023712300_R8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1467","DOI":"10.1086\/497136","article-title":"Enteric (typhoid) fever in travelers.","volume":"41","author":"Basnyat","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"2026052102023712300_R9","unstructured":"UK Health Protection Agency. Foreign travel-associated illness \u2013 a focus on those visiting friends and relatives. 2008 report. Available at: http:\/\/www.hpa.org.uk\/Publications\/InfectiousDiseases\/TravelHealth\/0812Foreigntravelassociatedillness\/ (Cited 3 May 2012)."},{"issue":"2","key":"2026052102023712300_R10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1086\/649541","article-title":"Global trends in typhoid and paratyphoid fever.","volume":"50","author":"Crump","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"2026052102023712300_R11","unstructured":"Australian Government Department of Health and Ageing and National Health and Medical Research Council. The Australian Immunisation Handbook. 9th edition. Available at: http:\/\/www.health.gov.au\/internet\/immunise\/publishing.nsf\/Content\/Handbook-home (Cited 3 May 2012)."},{"key":"2026052102023712300_R12"},{"key":"2026052102023712300_R13"},{"key":"2026052102023712300_R14","unstructured":"World Bank Country and Lending Groups. Available at: http:\/\/data.worldbank.org\/about\/country-classifications\/country-and-lending-groups (Cited 3 May 2012)."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026052102023712300_R15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1708-8305.2008.00273.x","article-title":"Rethinking typhoid fever vaccines: implications for travelers and people living in highly endemic areas.","volume":"16","author":"Whitaker","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Travel Med"},{"issue":"9","key":"2026052102023712300_R16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1185","DOI":"10.1086\/507893","article-title":"Illness in travellers visiting friends and relatives: a review of the GeoSentinel surveillance network.","volume":"43","author":"Leder","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026052102023712300_R17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-142-1-200501040-00013","article-title":"Health disparities among travelers visiting friends and relatives abroad.","volume":"142","author":"Angell","year":"2005","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"issue":"7\u20138","key":"2026052102023712300_R18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1071\/NB11041","article-title":"Typhoid and paratyphoid fever in Western Sydney Local Health District, NSW, January\u2013June 2011.","volume":"23","author":"Blackstock","year":"2012","journal-title":"N S W Public Health Bull"},{"issue":"5","key":"2026052102023712300_R19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tmaid.2011.09.002","article-title":"Innovative community-based initiatives to engage VFR travelers.","volume":"9","author":"Leder","year":"2011","journal-title":"Travel Med Infect Dis"},{"key":"2026052102023712300_R20"}],"container-title":["New South Wales Public Health Bulletin"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/connectsci.au\/pu\/article-pdf\/24\/2\/87\/926504\/nb12125.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/connectsci.au\/pu\/article-pdf\/24\/2\/87\/926504\/nb12125.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,21]],"date-time":"2026-05-21T06:02:46Z","timestamp":1779343366000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/connectsci.au\/pu\/article\/24\/2\/87\/116267\/Typhoid-fever-NSW-2005-2011"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,7]]},"references-count":20,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,7]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1071\/nb12125","relation":{},"ISSN":["1034-7674","1444-8262"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1034-7674","type":"print"},{"value":"1444-8262","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,7]]}}}