{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,17]],"date-time":"2026-01-17T04:27:49Z","timestamp":1768624069832,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"CSIRO Publishing","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,16]],"date-time":"2025-08-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1755302400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":1656,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1071\/journalslicense"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,17]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The long-term health consequences of untreated chlamydia are an increased risk of pelvic inflammatory disease, ectopic pregnancies and infertility among women. To support increased chlamydia testing, and as part of a randomised controlled trial of a chlamydia intervention in general practice, a chlamydia education and training program for general practice nurses (GPN) was developed. The training aimed to increase GPNs\u2019 chlamydia knowledge and management skills. We compared the difference in chlamydia testing between general practices where GPNs received training to those who didn\u2019t and evaluated acceptability. Testing rates increased in all general practices over time. Where GPNs had training, chlamydia testing rates increased (from 8.3% to 19.9% (difference = 11.6%; 95% CI 9.4\u201313.8)) and where GPNs did not have training (from 7.4% to 18.0% (difference = 10.6%; 95% CI 7.6\u201313.6)). By year 2, significantly higher testing rates were seen in practices where GPNs had training (treatment effect = 4.9% (1.1 \u2013 8.7)), but this difference was not maintained in year 3 (treatment effect = 1.2% (-2.5 \u2013 4.9)). Results suggest a GPN chlamydia education and training program can increase chlamydia testing up to 2 years; however, further training is required to sustain the increase beyond that time.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1071\/py20056","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,2]],"date-time":"2021-02-02T00:24:52Z","timestamp":1612225492000},"page":"36-42","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["A chlamydia education and training program for general practice nurses: reporting the effect on chlamydia testing uptake"],"prefix":"10.1071","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Anna","family":"Wood","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"ADepartment of General Practice, Melbourne Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, 780 Elizabeth Street, Carlton, Vic. 3053, Australia."},{"name":"ECorresponding author. Email: annwood@unimelb.edu.au"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sabine","family":"Braat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BCentre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Vic. 3053, Australia."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Meredith","family":"Temple-Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ADepartment of General Practice, Melbourne Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, 780 Elizabeth Street, Carlton, Vic. 3053, Australia."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rebecca","family":"Lorch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CSouth Eastern Sydney LHD HIV and Related Programs (HARP) Unit, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alaina","family":"Vaisey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BCentre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Vic. 3053, Australia."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rebecca","family":"Guy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"DThe Kirby Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jane","family":"Hocking","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BCentre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Vic. 3053, Australia."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"67","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025102822164487200_R1","unstructured":"Australian Primary Health Care Nurses Association (APNA) (2020) APNA endorsement program. (APNA: Melbourne, Vic., Australia) Available at https:\/\/www.apna.asn.au\/education\/apnaendorsement [Verified January 2020]"},{"key":"2025102822164487200_R2"},{"key":"2025102822164487200_R3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S12","DOI":"10.5694\/mja2.50026","article-title":"Gathering data for decisions: best practice use of primary care electronic records for research.","volume":"210","author":"Canaway","year":"2019","journal-title":"The Medical Journal of Australia"},{"key":"2025102822164487200_R4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S134","DOI":"10.1086\/652395","article-title":"Risk of sequelae after Chlamydia trachomatis genital infection in women.","volume":"201","author":"Haggerty","year":"2010","journal-title":"The Journal of Infectious Diseases"},{"key":"2025102822164487200_R5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1071\/PY09072","article-title":"Program logic: a framework for health program design and evaluation\u2013the Pap nurse in general practice program.","volume":"16","author":"Hallinan","year":"2010","journal-title":"Australian Journal of Primary Health"},{"key":"2025102822164487200_R6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1071\/PY14072","article-title":"Advanced training for primary care and general practice nurses: enablers and outcomes of postgraduate education.","volume":"22","author":"Hallinan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Australian Journal of Primary Health"},{"key":"2025102822164487200_R7","unstructured":"Hocking J, Low N, Guy R, Law M, Donovan B, Kaldor J, Street B, Temple-Smith M, Gunn J, Fairley C (2013) Protocol 12PRT\/9010: Australian Chlamydia Control Effectiveness Pilot (ACCEPt): a cluster randomised controlled trial of chlamydia testing in general practice (ACTRN1260000297022). Lancet accepted protocol summary. (The Lancet: London, UK) Available at https:\/\/www.thelancet.com\/protocol-reviews\/12PRT-9010 [Verified 20 January 2020]"},{"key":"2025102822164487200_R8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1413","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)31816-6","article-title":"Population effectiveness of opportunistic chlamydia testing in primary care in Australia: a cluster-randomised controlled trial.","volume":"392","author":"Hocking","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2025102822164487200_R9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1071\/AH15239","article-title":"Advancing general practice nursing in Australia: roles and responsibilities of primary healthcare organisations.","volume":"41","author":"Lane","year":"2017","journal-title":"Australian Health Review"},{"key":"2025102822164487200_R10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1186\/s12875-015-0251-8","article-title":"Practice nurse chlamydia testing in Australian general practice: a qualitative study of benefits, barriers and facilitators.","volume":"16","author":"Lorch","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMC Family Practice"},{"key":"2025102822164487200_R11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1071\/SH15134","article-title":"The impact of a chlamydia education program on practice nurse\u2019s knowledge and attitudes in relation to chlamydia testing: a cross-sectional survey.","volume":"13","author":"Lorch","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sexual Health"},{"key":"2025102822164487200_R12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1093\/fampra\/cmn032","article-title":"Interactive workshops increase chlamydia testing in primary care\u2013a controlled study.","volume":"25","author":"McNulty","year":"2008","journal-title":"Family Practice"},{"key":"2025102822164487200_R13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.37464\/2008.261.1787","article-title":"The changing role of practice nurses in Australia: an action research study.","volume":"26","author":"Mills","year":"2008","journal-title":"The Australian Journal of Advanced Nursing"},{"key":"2025102822164487200_R14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1741-6787.2009.00163.x","article-title":"The place of knowledge and evidence in the context of Australian general practice nursing.","volume":"6","author":"Mills","year":"2009","journal-title":"Worldviews on Evidence-Based Nursing"},{"key":"2025102822164487200_R15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1071\/PY10074","article-title":"The work, education and career pathways of nurses in Australian general practice.","volume":"17","author":"Parker","year":"2011","journal-title":"Australian Journal of Primary Health"},{"key":"2025102822164487200_R16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6963-11-38","article-title":"Following the funding trail: financing, nurses and teamwork in Australian general practice.","volume":"11","author":"Pearce","year":"2011","journal-title":"BMC Health Services Research"},{"key":"2025102822164487200_R17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2424","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMcp030542","article-title":"Clinical practice. Genital chlamydial infections.","volume":"349","author":"Peipert","year":"2003","journal-title":"The New England Journal of Medicine"},{"key":"2025102822164487200_R18","first-page":"123","article-title":"Evaluation of a sexually transmissible infections education program: lessons for general practice learning.","volume":"45","author":"Reath","year":"2016","journal-title":"Australian Family Physician"},{"key":"2025102822164487200_R19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"548","DOI":"10.2471\/BLT.18.228486","article-title":"Chlamydia, gonorrhoea, trichomoniasis and syphilis: global prevalence and incidence estimates, 2016.","volume":"97","author":"Rowley","year":"2019","journal-title":"Bulletin of the World Health Organization"},{"key":"2025102822164487200_R20"},{"key":"2025102822164487200_R21","first-page":"413","article-title":"A missed opportunity\u2013lessons learnt from a chlamydia testing observation study in general practice.","volume":"41","author":"Temple-Smith","year":"2012","journal-title":"Australian Family Physician"},{"key":"2025102822164487200_R22","unstructured":"The Department of Health (2019) The Practice Nurse Incentive Program (PNIP). (Australian Government Department of Health: Canberra, ACT, Australia) Available at https:\/\/www1.health.gov.au\/internet\/main\/publishing.nsf\/Content\/pnip [Verified February 2020]"},{"key":"2025102822164487200_R23","unstructured":"The Kirby Institute (2019) Annual Surveillance Report HIV, viral hepatitis and sexually transmissible infection in Australia: annual surveillance report 2018. (University of New South Wales: Sydney, NSW, Australia) Available at https:\/\/kirby.unsw.edu.au\/report-type\/annual-surveillance-reports [Verified January 2020]"},{"key":"2025102822164487200_R24","unstructured":"The NSW Sexually Transmissible Infections Programs Unit (2017) Sexual health competency standards for primary health care nurses. (STIPU: Sydney, NSW, Australia) Available at https:\/\/stipu.nsw.gov.au\/gp\/primary-health-care-nurses\/ [Verified January 2020]"},{"key":"2025102822164487200_R25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1097\/NND.0000000000000395","article-title":"Evaluating continuing nursing education: a qualitative study of intention to change practice and perceived barriers to knowledge translation.","volume":"33","author":"Wellings","year":"2017","journal-title":"Journal for Nurses in Professional Development"},{"key":"2025102822164487200_R26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"584","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-014-0584-2","article-title":"Improving chlamydia knowledge should lead to increased chlamydia testing among Australian general practitioners: a cross-sectional study of chlamydia testing uptake in general practice.","volume":"14","author":"Yeung","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMC Infectious Diseases"},{"key":"2025102822164487200_R27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1071\/PY13158","article-title":"Narrative review of the barriers and facilitators to chlamydia testing in general practice.","volume":"21","author":"Yeung","year":"2015","journal-title":"Australian Journal of Primary Health"}],"container-title":["Australian Journal of Primary Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/connectsci.au\/py\/article-pdf\/27\/1\/36\/732451\/py20056.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/connectsci.au\/py\/article-pdf\/27\/1\/36\/732451\/py20056.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,29]],"date-time":"2025-10-29T02:16:58Z","timestamp":1761704218000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/connectsci.au\/py\/article\/27\/1\/36\/90379\/A-chlamydia-education-and-training-program-for"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,2]]},"references-count":27,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,17]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1071\/py20056","relation":{},"ISSN":["1448-7527","1836-7399"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1448-7527","type":"print"},{"value":"1836-7399","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,2]]}}}