{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,17]],"date-time":"2026-10-17T03:05:23Z","timestamp":1792206323910,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":194,"publisher":"CSIRO Publishing","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,27]],"date-time":"2025-05-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748304000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":5227,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1071\/journalslicense"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,3,16]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>There is increasing concern about chemical pollutants that are able to mimic hormones, the so-called endocrine-disrupting compounds (EDCs), because of their structural similarity to endogenous hormones, their ability to interact with hormone transport proteins or because of their potential to disrupt hormone metabolic pathways. Thus, the effects of endogenous hormones can be mimicked or, in some cases, completely blocked. A substantial number of environmental pollutants, such as polychlorinated biphenyls, dioxins, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, phthalates, bisphenol A, pesticides, alkylphenols and heavy metals (arsenic, cadmium, lead, mercury), have been shown to disrupt endocrine function. These compounds can cause reproductive problems by decreasing sperm count and quality, increasing the number of testicular germ cells and causing male breast cancer, cryptorchidism, hypospadias, miscarriages, endometriosis, impaired fertility, irregularities of the menstrual cycle, and infertility. Although EDCs may be released into the environment in different ways, the main sources is industrial waste water. The present paper critically reviews the current knowledge of the impact of EDCs on reproductive disorders in humans.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1071\/rd09300","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,22]],"date-time":"2018-11-22T20:10:53Z","timestamp":1542917453000},"page":"403-416","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":187,"title":["Negative impact of endocrine-disrupting compounds on human reproductive health"],"prefix":"10.1071","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Damjan","family":"Balabanic","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"APulp and Paper Institute, Bogi\u0161iceva ulica 8, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia."},{"name":"BUniversity of Nova Gorica, Vipavska 13, SI-5000 Nova Gorica, Slovenia."},{"name":"ECorresponding author. Email: damjan.balabanic@gmail.com"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marjan","family":"Rupnik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CInstitute of Physiology, Medical Faculty, University of Maribor, Slom\u0161kov trg 15, SI-2000 Maribor, Slovenia."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aleksandra Krivograd","family":"Klemencic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"DDepartment of Sanitary Engineering, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ljubljana, Zdravstvena pot 5, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"67","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,2,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025102819003924700_R1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1536","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/133.5.1536S","article-title":"Health effects and risk assessment of arsenic.","volume":"133","author":"Abernathy","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Nutr."},{"key":"2025102819003924700_R2"},{"key":"2025102819003924700_R3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1080\/00039896.1995.9955014","article-title":"Lead, erythrocyte protoporphyrin and haematological parameters in normal maternal and umbilical cord blood from subjects of the Riyadh region.","volume":"50","author":"Al-Saleh","year":"1995","journal-title":"Arch. Environ. Health"},{"key":"2025102819003924700_R4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1006\/TAAP.2001.9347","article-title":"Effects of currently used pesticides in assays for estrogenicity, androgenicity, and aromatase activity in vitro.","volume":"179","author":"Andersen","year":"2002","journal-title":"Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol."},{"key":"2025102819003924700_R5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"755","DOI":"10.1038\/SJ.JEA.7500133","article-title":"Environmental contaminants in human milk.","volume":"10","author":"Anderson","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Expo. Anal. Environ. Epidemiol."},{"key":"2025102819003924700_R6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199502023320501","article-title":"Decline in semen quality among fertile man in Paris during the past 20 years.","volume":"332","author":"Auger","year":"1995","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"2025102819003924700_R7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1016\/J.TOXLET.2003.12.062","article-title":"Aryl-hydrocarbon receptor-dependent pathway and toxic effects of TCDD in humans: a population-based study in Seveso, Italy.","volume":"149","author":"Baccarelli","year":"2004","journal-title":"Toxicol. Lett."},{"key":"2025102819003924700_R8","author":"Balabanic"},{"key":"2025102819003924700_R9","author":"Balabanic"},{"key":"2025102819003924700_R10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1093\/TOXSCI\/KFG087","article-title":"Quantitative changes in gene expression in fetal testis following exposure to di(n-butyl) phthalate.","volume":"73","author":"Barlow","year":"2003","journal-title":"Toxicol. Sci."},{"key":"2025102819003924700_R11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1175","DOI":"10.2307\/3454866","article-title":"Hypospadias and endocrine disruption: is there a connection?","volume":"109","author":"Baskin","year":"2001","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"key":"2025102819003924700_R12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1002\/BDRA.20127","article-title":"Teratogen update: lead and pregnancy.","volume":"73","author":"Bellinger","year":"2005","journal-title":"Birth Defects Res. A Clin. Mol. Teratol."},{"key":"2025102819003924700_R13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1016\/S0303-7207(98)00202-0","article-title":"Estrogenicity of bisphenol A in a human endometrial carcinoma cell line.","volume":"150","author":"Bergeron","year":"1999","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Endocrinol."},{"key":"2025102819003924700_R14","author":"Birkett"},{"key":"2025102819003924700_R15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1007","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.6310","article-title":"Environmental pollutants and breast cancer.","volume":"111","author":"Brody","year":"2003","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"key":"2025102819003924700_R16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"608","DOI":"10.2307\/3432439","article-title":"Xenoestrogens released from lacquer coating in food cans.","volume":"103","author":"Brotons","year":"1995","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"key":"2025102819003924700_R17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1016\/J.REPROTOX.2006.01.006","article-title":"Cryptorchidism and hypospadias in the Sicilian district of Ragusa and the use of pesticides.","volume":"22","author":"Carbone","year":"2006","journal-title":"Reprod. Toxicol."},{"key":"2025102819003924700_R18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"609","DOI":"10.1136\/BMJ.305.6854.609","article-title":"Evidence for decreasing quality of semen during the past 50 years.","volume":"305","author":"Carlsen","year":"1992","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"2025102819003924700_R19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.2307\/3432523","article-title":"Declining semen quality and increasing incidence of testicular cancer: is there a common cause?","volume":"103","author":"Carlsen","year":"1995","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"key":"2025102819003924700_R20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1047","DOI":"10.1016\/S0043-1354(00)00342-0","article-title":"Use of Fenton reagent to improve organic chemical biodegradability.","volume":"35","author":"Chamarro","year":"2001","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"key":"2025102819003924700_R21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3158","DOI":"10.1021\/ES0261574","article-title":"Adsorption of the endocrine-active compound estrone on micro-filtration hollow fiber membranes.","volume":"37","author":"Chang","year":"2003","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"2025102819003924700_R22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1016\/S0300-483X(02)00597-8","article-title":"Induction of oxidative stress by bisphenol A in the epididymal sperm of rats.","volume":"185","author":"Chitra","year":"2003","journal-title":"Toxicology"},{"key":"2025102819003924700_R23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1097\/00006254-200305000-00020","article-title":"Infertility, blood mercury concentrations and dietary seafood consumption: a case-control study.","volume":"58","author":"Choy","year":"2003","journal-title":"Obstet. Gynecol. Surv."},{"key":"2025102819003924700_R24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/10937400490253229","article-title":"Toxicological characteristics of endocrine-disrupting chemicals: developmental toxicity, carcinogenicity, and mutagenicity.","volume":"7","author":"Choi","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Toxicol. Environ. Health B Crit. Rev."},{"key":"2025102819003924700_R25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1305","DOI":"10.1039\/B507321A","article-title":"Enrichment of organic pollutants in the sea surface microlayer (SML) at Terra Nova Bay, Antarctica: influence of SML on superficial snow composition.","volume":"7","author":"Cincinelli","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Environ. Monit."},{"key":"2025102819003924700_R26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.02110s111","article-title":"The three modern faces of mercury.","volume":"110","author":"Clarkson","year":"2002","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"key":"2025102819003924700_R27","author":"Colburn"},{"key":"2025102819003924700_R28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1235","DOI":"10.1016\/J.SCITOTENV.2008.10.027","article-title":"Phthalate removal throughout wastewater treatment plant. Case study of Marne Aval station (France).","volume":"407","author":"Dargnat","year":"2009","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"2025102819003924700_R29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"372","DOI":"10.2307\/3431889","article-title":"Medical hypothesis: xenoestrogens as preventable causes of breast cancer.","volume":"101","author":"Davis","year":"1993","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"key":"2025102819003924700_R30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1093\/TOXSCI\/59.2.291","article-title":"Mercury vapor and female reproductive toxicity.","volume":"59","author":"Davis","year":"2001","journal-title":"Toxicol. Sci."},{"key":"2025102819003924700_R31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1002\/1438-9312(200202)104:2&lt;124::AID-EJLT124&gt;3.0.CO;2-T","article-title":"Pollutants with androgen-disrupting potency.","volume":"104","author":"Daxenberger","year":"2002","journal-title":"Eur. J. Lipid Sci. Technol."},{"key":"2025102819003924700_R32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.2175\/106143005X41573","article-title":"An assessment of endocrine disrupting activity changes during wastewater treatment through the use of bioassays and chemical measurements.","volume":"77","author":"Drewes","year":"2005","journal-title":"Water Environ. Res."},{"key":"2025102819003924700_R33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"272","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a116994","article-title":"Total serum testosterone and gonadotropins in workers exposed to dioxin.","volume":"139","author":"Egeland","year":"1994","journal-title":"Am. J. Epidemiol."},{"key":"2025102819003924700_R34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"440","DOI":"10.1111\/J.1600-0773.1991.TB01267.X","article-title":"Effect of organic and inorganic mercury on human sperm motility.","volume":"68","author":"Ernst","year":"1991","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Toxicol."},{"key":"2025102819003924700_R35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"631","DOI":"10.1016\/J.JHAZMAT.2007.07.073","article-title":"Ozonation and advanced oxidation technologies to remove endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) and pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) in water effluents.","volume":"149","author":"Esplugas","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Hazard. Mater."},{"key":"2025102819003924700_R36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1006\/TAAP.1998.8433","article-title":"Reproductive toxicity and tissue concentrations of low doses of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin in male offspring rats exposed throughout pregnancy and lactation.","volume":"150","author":"Faqi","year":"1998","journal-title":"Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol."},{"key":"2025102819003924700_R37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1016\/S0045-6535(96)00355-4","article-title":"Determination of n-octanol\/water partition coefficient (Kow) of pesticide.","volume":"34","author":"Finizio","year":"1997","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"2025102819003924700_R38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.2307\/3434279","article-title":"Most unwanted.","volume":"107","author":"Fisher","year":"1999","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"key":"2025102819003924700_R39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1530\/REP.1.00025","article-title":"Environmental anti-androgens and male reproductive health: focus on phthalates and testicular dysgenesis syndrome.","volume":"127","author":"Fisher","year":"2004","journal-title":"Reproduction"},{"key":"2025102819003924700_R40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1383","DOI":"10.1093\/HUMREP\/DEG273","article-title":"Human \u2018testicular dysgenesis syndrome\u2019: a possible model using in utero exposure of the rat to dibutyl phthalate.","volume":"18","author":"Fisher","year":"2003","journal-title":"Hum. Reprod."},{"key":"2025102819003924700_R41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1771","DOI":"10.1021\/ES001088J","article-title":"Degradation of pentachlorophenol by photo-Fenton systems in the presence of iron(III), humic acid, and hydrogen peroxide.","volume":"35","author":"Fukushima","year":"2001","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"2025102819003924700_R42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1016\/0048-9697(92)90452-X","article-title":"Geochemical prospection of cadmium in a high incidence area of prostate cancer, Sierra de Gata, Salamanca, Spain.","volume":"116","author":"Garcia-Sanchez","year":"1992","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"2025102819003924700_R43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1055\/S-2000-13731","article-title":"Environmental toxins associated with recurrent pregnancy loss.","volume":"18","author":"Gardella","year":"2000","journal-title":"Semin. Reprod. Med."},{"key":"2025102819003924700_R44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1016\/J.TAAP.2003.11.027","article-title":"Pesticides and children.","volume":"198","author":"Garry","year":"2004","journal-title":"Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol."},{"key":"2025102819003924700_R45","author":"Gilpin"},{"key":"2025102819003924700_R46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"778","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-122-10-199505150-00008","article-title":"Diethylstilbestrol revisited: a review of the long-term health effects.","volume":"122","author":"Giusti","year":"1995","journal-title":"Ann. Intern. Med."},{"key":"2025102819003924700_R47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.2307\/3431378","article-title":"Evidence for increasing incidence of abnormalities of the human testis: a review.","volume":"101","author":"Giwercman","year":"1993","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"key":"2025102819003924700_R48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1080\/15376520490434476","article-title":"Carbofuran-induced endocrine disruption in adult male rats.","volume":"14","author":"Goad","year":"2004","journal-title":"Toxicol. Mech. Methods"},{"key":"2025102819003924700_R49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1146","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.113.S3.1146","article-title":"Environmental pediatrics and its impact on government health policy.","volume":"113","author":"Goldman","year":"2004","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"2025102819003924700_R50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1191\/074823399678846664","article-title":"Administration of potentially antiandrogenic pesticides (procymidone, linuron, iprodione, chlozolinate, p,p'-DDE, and ketoconazole) and toxic substances (dibutyl- and diethylhexyl phthalate, PCB 169, and ethane dimethane sulphonate) during sexual differentiation produces diverse profiles of reproductive malformations in the male rat.","volume":"15","author":"Gray","year":"1999","journal-title":"Toxicol. Ind. Health"},{"key":"2025102819003924700_R51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4640","DOI":"10.1021\/JF0201071","article-title":"Detection of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon levels in milk collected near potential contamination sources.","volume":"50","author":"Grova","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"key":"2025102819003924700_R52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"816","DOI":"10.1016\/J.JENVMAN.2007.07.020","article-title":"Synthetic endocrine disruptors in the environment and water remediation by advanced oxidation processes.","volume":"85","author":"G\u00fcltekin","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Environ. Manage."},{"key":"2025102819003924700_R53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1046","DOI":"10.1289\/EHP.7311","article-title":"Differential gene expression in normal human mammary epithelial cells treated with malathion monitored by DNA microarrays.","volume":"113","author":"Gwinn","year":"2005","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"key":"2025102819003924700_R54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"667","DOI":"10.1038\/bjc.1964.76","article-title":"Cadmium neoplasia: sarcomata at the site of injection of cadmium sulphate in rats and mice.","volume":"18","author":"Haddow","year":"1964","journal-title":"Br. J. Cancer"},{"key":"2025102819003924700_R55","first-page":"45","article-title":"Endokrine Substanzen in Abwassern der Papierindustrie.","volume":"1","author":"Hamm","year":"2005","journal-title":"IPW"},{"key":"2025102819003924700_R56","first-page":"47","article-title":"Endokrine Substanzen in Abwassern der Papierindustrie (II).","volume":"2","author":"Hamm","year":"2005","journal-title":"IPW"},{"key":"2025102819003924700_R57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1111\/J.1365-2605.2005.00622.X","article-title":"In utero exposure to persistent organic pollutants in relation to testicular cancer risk.","volume":"29","author":"Hardell","year":"2006","journal-title":"Int. J. Androl."},{"key":"2025102819003924700_R58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"802","DOI":"10.2307\/3433697","article-title":"The estrogenic activity of phthalate esters in vitro.","volume":"105","author":"Harris","year":"1997","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"key":"2025102819003924700_R59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5476","DOI":"10.1073\/PNAS.082121499","article-title":"Hermaphroditic, demasculinized frogs after exposure to the herbicide atrazine at low ecologically relevant doses.","volume":"99","author":"Hayes","year":"2002","journal-title":"Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"2025102819003924700_R60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"568","DOI":"10.1289\/EHP.5932","article-title":"Atrazine-induced hermaphroditism at 0.1 ppb in American leopard frogs (Rana pipiens): laboratory and field evidence.","volume":"111","author":"Hayes","year":"2003","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"key":"2025102819003924700_R61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/S0300-483X(01)00487-5","article-title":"Impairment of spermatogenesis in rats by methyl mercury: involvement of stage- and cell-specific germ cell apoptosis.","volume":"169","author":"Homma-Takeda","year":"2001","journal-title":"Toxicology"},{"key":"2025102819003924700_R62","unstructured":"Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS) (2005). \u2018Environmental Protection Agency. Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs). Last Updated: 23rd January 2008.\u2019 Available at http:\/\/www.epa.gov\/iris\/subst\/0294.htm [Verified 24 November 2010]."},{"key":"2025102819003924700_R63"},{"key":"2025102819003924700_R64","unstructured":"International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) (1998). \u2018Polychlorinated Biphenyls, vol. 18, 1978, p. 43. Last Updated: 27th March 1998.\u2019 Available at http:\/\/monographs.iarc.fr\/ENG\/Monographs\/vol18\/volume18.pdf [Verified 24 November 2010]."},{"key":"2025102819003924700_R65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-6480(03)00197-7","article-title":"The effect of endocrine disrupting chemicals on thyroid hormone binding to Japanese quail transthyretin and thyroid hormone receptor.","volume":"134","author":"Ishihara","year":"2003","journal-title":"Gen. Comp. Endocrinol."},{"key":"2025102819003924700_R66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1093\/BMB\/LDG032","article-title":"Hazards of heavy metal contamination.","volume":"68","author":"J\u00e4rup","year":"2003","journal-title":"Br. Med. Bull."},{"key":"2025102819003924700_R67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1016\/J.TOX.2006.01.005","article-title":"Effect of chlorpyrifos-methyl on steroid and thyroid hormones in rat F0- and F1-generations.","volume":"220","author":"Jeong","year":"2006","journal-title":"Toxicology"},{"key":"2025102819003924700_R68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"941","DOI":"10.1016\/S0045-6535(97)00397-4","article-title":"Determination of PCDD\/Fs and dioxin-like PCBs in Chinese commercial PCBs and emissions from a testing PCB incinerator.","volume":"34","author":"Jiang","year":"1997","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"2025102819003924700_R69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1002\/etc.5620150218","article-title":"Inhibition of testicular growth in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) exposed to estrogenic alkylphenolic chemicals.","volume":"15","author":"Jobling","year":"1996","journal-title":"Environ. Toxicol. Chem."},{"key":"2025102819003924700_R70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"769","DOI":"10.2307\/3434119","article-title":"Interactions between methylsulfonyl PCBs and the glucocorticoid receptor.","volume":"106","author":"Johansson","year":"1998","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"key":"2025102819003924700_R71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1016\/J.TOX.2004.02.025","article-title":"Chlropyrifos-methyl shows anti-androgenic activity without estrogenic activity in rats.","volume":"199","author":"Kang","year":"2004","journal-title":"Toxicology"},{"key":"2025102819003924700_R72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1016\/S1010-6030(03)00374-5","article-title":"Degradation of bisphenol A in water by the photo-Fenton reaction.","volume":"162","author":"Katsumata","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Photochem. Photobiol. Chem."},{"key":"2025102819003924700_R73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4916","DOI":"10.1210\/EN.2002-220810","article-title":"Identification of growth hormone in the sea lamprey, an extant representative of a group of the most ancient vertebrates.","volume":"143","author":"Kawauchi","year":"2002","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"2025102819003924700_R74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1007\/S001090050104","article-title":"Environmental anti-androgens: developmental effects, molecular mechanisms and clinical implications.","volume":"75","author":"Kelce","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Mol. Med."},{"key":"2025102819003924700_R75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1897","DOI":"10.1210\/EN.141.5.1897","article-title":"Potent inhibition of estrogen sulfotransferase by hydroxylated PCB metabolites: a novel pathway explaining the estrogenic activity of PCBs.","volume":"141","author":"Kester","year":"2000","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"2025102819003924700_R76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1262\/JRD.50.245","article-title":"Assessing estrogenic activity of pyrethroid insecticides using in vitro combination assays.","volume":"50","author":"Kim","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Reprod. Dev."},{"key":"2025102819003924700_R77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00115640","article-title":"Nutrition and prostate cancer.","volume":"7","author":"Kolonel","year":"1996","journal-title":"Cancer Causes Control"},{"key":"2025102819003924700_R78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5925","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.93.12.5925","article-title":"Cloning of a novel estrogen receptor expressed in rat prostate and ovary.","volume":"93","author":"Kuiper","year":"1996","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"2025102819003924700_R79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"863","DOI":"10.1210\/endo.138.3.4979","article-title":"Comparison of the ligand binding specificity and transcript tissue distribution of estrogen receptors a and \u00df.","volume":"138","author":"Kuiper","year":"1997","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"2025102819003924700_R80","first-page":"635","article-title":"Heavy metals removal in the mechanical\u2013biological wastewater treatment plant \u2018Wsch\u00f3d\u2019 in Gdans.","volume":"12","author":"Kulbat","year":"2003","journal-title":"Pol. J. Environ. Stud."},{"key":"2025102819003924700_R81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1016\/J.TAAP.2003.12.011","article-title":"Effect of organochlorine pesticides on human androgen receptor activation in vitro.","volume":"196","author":"Lemaire","year":"2004","journal-title":"Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol."},{"key":"2025102819003924700_R82","first-page":"71","article-title":"Consideration of enzyme and endocrine interactions in the risk assessment of PCBs.","volume":"1","author":"Li","year":"1997","journal-title":"Rev. Toxicol."},{"key":"2025102819003924700_R83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1289\/EHP.5518","article-title":"Emission of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and their carcinogenic potencies from cooking sources to the urban atmosphere.","volume":"111","author":"Li","year":"2003","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"key":"2025102819003924700_R84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"731","DOI":"10.1016\/J.SCITOTENV.2008.08.039","article-title":"Removal mechanisms for endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs) in wastewater treatment: physical means, biodegradation, and chemical advanced oxidation: a review.","volume":"407","author":"Liu","year":"2009","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"2025102819003924700_R85","first-page":"187","article-title":"Global organochlorine contamination trends: an overview.","volume":"23","author":"Loganathan","year":"1994","journal-title":"Ambio"},{"key":"2025102819003924700_R86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1501","DOI":"10.1080\/15287390490486833","article-title":"Endocrine-disrupting activity in carbendazim-induced reproductive and developmental toxicity in rats.","volume":"67","author":"Lu","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Toxicol. Environ. Health A"},{"key":"2025102819003924700_R87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"733","DOI":"10.1002\/ADIC.200490091","article-title":"Characterization of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and carbonyl compounds in diesel exhaust emissions.","volume":"94","author":"Mabilia","year":"2004","journal-title":"Ann. Chim."},{"key":"2025102819003924700_R88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1295","DOI":"10.1289\/EHP.8479","article-title":"Declining sex ratio in a first nation community.","volume":"113","author":"Mackenzie","year":"2005","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"key":"2025102819003924700_R89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4359","DOI":"10.1021\/ES000289K","article-title":"Degradation of imidacloprid in water by photo-Fenton and TiO2 photocatalysis at a solar pilot plant: a comparative study.","volume":"35","author":"Malato","year":"2001","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"2025102819003924700_R90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1016\/S0920-5861(02)00220-1","article-title":"Photocatalytic treatment of water-soluble pesticides by photo-Fenton and TiO2 using solar energy.","volume":"76","author":"Malato","year":"2002","journal-title":"Catal. Today"},{"key":"2025102819003924700_R91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1191\/0748233704TH198OA","article-title":"Altered gene expression in human cells induced by the agricultural chemical Enable.","volume":"20","author":"Mankame","year":"2004","journal-title":"Toxicol. Ind. Health"},{"key":"2025102819003924700_R92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1215","DOI":"10.1093\/biolreprod\/65.4.1215","article-title":"In utero exposure to bisphenol A alters the development and tissue organization of the mouse mammary gland.","volume":"65","author":"Markey","year":"2001","journal-title":"Biol. Reprod."},{"key":"2025102819003924700_R93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1138","DOI":"10.1016\/J.JHAZMAT.2007.07.120","article-title":"Effectiveness of UV-based advanced oxidation processes for the remediation of hydrocarbon pollution in the groundwater: a laboratory investigation.","volume":"152","author":"Mascolo","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Hazard. Mater."},{"key":"2025102819003924700_R94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1016\/S0160-4120(02)00031-4","article-title":"Breast cancer incidence and exposure to pesticides among women originating from Jaipur.","volume":"28","author":"Mathur","year":"2002","journal-title":"Environ. Int."},{"key":"2025102819003924700_R95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1093\/TOXSCI\/62.2.236","article-title":"Androgen-mediated development in the male rat offspring exposed to flutamide in utero: permanence and correlation of early postnatal changes in anogenital distance and nipple retention with malformations in androgen-dependent tissues.","volume":"62","author":"McIntyre","year":"2001","journal-title":"Toxicol. Sci."},{"key":"2025102819003924700_R96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1097\/00043764-200001000-00004","article-title":"Mercury toxicity due to use of a cosmetic cream.","volume":"42","author":"McRill","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Occup. Environ. Med."},{"key":"2025102819003924700_R97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.1111\/J.1439-0272.1996.TB02804.X","article-title":"Declining sperm counts in Italy during the past 20 years.","volume":"28","author":"Menchini-Fabris","year":"1996","journal-title":"Andrologia"},{"key":"2025102819003924700_R98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"955","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a009222","article-title":"Consumption of PCB-contaminated freshwater fish and shortened menstrual cycle length.","volume":"146","author":"Mendola","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am. J. Epidemiol."},{"key":"2025102819003924700_R99","author":"Metzler"},{"key":"2025102819003924700_R100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1002\/1438-9312(200202)104:2&lt;131::AID-EJLT131&gt;3.0.CO;2-0","article-title":"A new test to identify endocrine disruptors using sex hormone-binding globulins from human serum.","volume":"104","author":"Meulenberg","year":"2002","journal-title":"Eur. J. Lipid Sci. Technol."},{"key":"2025102819003924700_R101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1289\/EHP.10399","article-title":"Dioxin exposure, from infancy through puberty, produces endocrine disruption and affects human semen quality.","volume":"116","author":"Mocarelli","year":"2008","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"key":"2025102819003924700_R102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1860","DOI":"10.1210\/EN.2003-1182","article-title":"A benzimidazole fungicide, benomyl, and its metabolite, carbendazim, induce aromatase activity in a human ovarian granulose-like tumor cell line (KGN).","volume":"145","author":"Morinaga","year":"2004","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"2025102819003924700_R103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1016\/S0048-9697(99)00037-6","article-title":"Spatial and temporal trends and effects of contaminants in the Canadian Artic marine ecosystem: a review.","volume":"230","author":"Muir","year":"1999","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"2025102819003924700_R104","first-page":"142","article-title":"Arsenic contamination in groundwater: a global perspective with emphasis on the Asian scenario.","volume":"24","author":"Mukherjee","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Health Popul. Nutr."},{"key":"2025102819003924700_R105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4138","DOI":"10.1210\/EN.2005-0340","article-title":"Perinatal exposure to bisphenol A alters peripubertal mammary gland development in mice.","volume":"146","author":"Mu\u00f1oz de Toro","year":"2005","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"2025102819003924700_R106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1093\/toxsci\/43.1.47","article-title":"Male reproductive tract malformations in rats following gestational and lactational exposure to di(n-butyl) phthalate: an antiandrogenic mechanism?","volume":"43","author":"Mylchreest","year":"1998","journal-title":"Toxicol. Sci."},{"key":"2025102819003924700_R107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1006\/TAAP.1999.8643","article-title":"Disruption of androgen-regulated male reproductive development by di(n-butyl) phthalate during late gestation in rats is different from flutamide.","volume":"156","author":"Mylchreest","year":"1999","journal-title":"Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol."},{"key":"2025102819003924700_R108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/J.ENVPOL.2004.04.003","article-title":"Levels of PAHs in soil and vegetation samples from Tarragona County, Spain.","volume":"132","author":"Nadal","year":"2004","journal-title":"Environ. Pollut."},{"key":"2025102819003924700_R109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1016\/J.REPROTOX.2005.07.010","article-title":"Simultaneous effect of lead and cadmium on granulosa cells: a cellular model for ovarian toxicity.","volume":"21","author":"Nampoothiri","year":"2006","journal-title":"Reprod. Toxicol."},{"key":"2025102819003924700_R110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1093\/HUMUPD\/7.3.323","article-title":"The impact of endocrine disrupters on the female reproductive system.","volume":"7","author":"Nicolopoulou-Stamati","year":"2001","journal-title":"Hum. Reprod. Update"},{"key":"2025102819003924700_R111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.3109\/10408449609012527","article-title":"Environmental estrogenic effects of alkylphenol ethoxylates.","volume":"26","author":"Nimrod","year":"1996","journal-title":"Crit. Rev. Toxicol."},{"key":"2025102819003924700_R112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"384","DOI":"10.1016\/J.SOLENER.2005.02.019","article-title":"Influence of the iron source on the solar photo-Fenton degradation of different classes of organic compounds.","volume":"79","author":"Nogueira","year":"2005","journal-title":"Sol. Energy"},{"key":"2025102819003924700_R113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1111\/J.1601-5223.1979.TB01316.X","article-title":"Occupational and environmental risks in and around a smelter in northern Sweden. V. Spontaneous abortion among female employees and decreased birth weight in their offspring.","volume":"90","author":"Nordstr\u00f6m","year":"1979","journal-title":"Hereditas"},{"key":"2025102819003924700_R114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1016\/0045-6535(77)90035-2","article-title":"Chlorodibenzo-p-dioxins and chlorodibenzofurans are trace components of fly ash and flue gas of some municipal incinerators in the Netherlands.","volume":"6","author":"Olie","year":"1977","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"2025102819003924700_R115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1093\/TOXSCI\/58.2.339","article-title":"The plasticizer diethylhexyl phthalate induces malformations by decreasing fetal testosterone synthesis during sexual differentiation in the male rat.","volume":"58","author":"Parks","year":"2000","journal-title":"Toxicol. Sci."},{"key":"2025102819003924700_R116","first-page":"1134","article-title":"In utero DNA damage from environmental pollution is associated with somatic gene mutation in newborns.","volume":"11","author":"Perera","year":"2002","journal-title":"Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev."},{"key":"2025102819003924700_R117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1062","DOI":"10.1289\/EHP.7908","article-title":"Relationships among polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons: DNA adducts, proximity to the World Trade Center, and effects on fetal growth.","volume":"113","author":"Perera","year":"2005","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"key":"2025102819003924700_R118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.3109\/10408449309105013","article-title":"Developmental and reproductive toxicity of dioxins and related compounds: cross-species comparisons.","volume":"23","author":"Peterson","year":"1993","journal-title":"Crit. Rev. Toxicol."},{"key":"2025102819003924700_R119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.1007\/S00216-003-2184-7","article-title":"Endocrine disrupting compounds and other emerging contaminants in the environment: a survey on new monitoring strategies and occurrence data.","volume":"378","author":"Petrovic","year":"2004","journal-title":"Anal. Bioanal. Chem."},{"key":"2025102819003924700_R120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/J.SCITOTENV.2004.05.017","article-title":"Treatment of pulp and paper mill effluent: a review.","volume":"333","author":"Pokhrel","year":"2004","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"2025102819003924700_R121","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1007\/0-306-46830-1_27","article-title":"Exposition to and health effects of residues in human milk.","volume":"478","author":"Przyrembel","year":"2000","journal-title":"Adv. Exp. Med. Biol."},{"key":"2025102819003924700_R122","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.2307\/3454291","article-title":"Determination of bisphenol A and related aromatic compounds released from bis-GMA-based composites and sealants by high performance liquid chromatography.","volume":"108","author":"Pulgar","year":"2000","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"key":"2025102819003924700_R123","unstructured":"Rai\n            U. N.\n          , and PalA. (2002). \u2018Health Hazards of Heavy Metals.\u2019 Available at http:\/\/isebindia.com\/01_04\/02-01-2.html [Verified 24 November 2010]."},{"key":"2025102819003924700_R124","author":"Roman"},{"key":"2025102819003924700_R125","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1016\/J.ECOENV.2004.06.003","article-title":"The public health implications of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in the environment.","volume":"59","author":"Ross","year":"2004","journal-title":"Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf."},{"key":"2025102819003924700_R126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/J.MCE.2009.02.023","article-title":"Bisphenol A: perinatal exposure and body weight.","volume":"304","author":"Rubin","year":"2009","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Endocrinol."},{"key":"2025102819003924700_R127","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"835","DOI":"10.1016\/S0045-6535(97)00012-X","article-title":"Review of the estrogenic and antiestrogenic activity of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons: relationship to carcinogenicity.","volume":"34","author":"Santodonato","year":"1997","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"2025102819003924700_R128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1099","DOI":"10.1289\/EHP.6751","article-title":"Adverse health effects of chronic exposure to low-level cadmium in foodstuffs and cigarette smoke.","volume":"112","author":"Satarug","year":"2004","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"key":"2025102819003924700_R129","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1620\/TJEM.201.1","article-title":"Behavioral teratology of mercury and its compounds.","volume":"201","author":"Satoh","year":"2003","journal-title":"Tohoku J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"2025102819003924700_R130","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1197","DOI":"10.2307\/3454741","article-title":"Cognitive effects of endocrine-disrupting chemicals in animals.","volume":"109","author":"Schantz","year":"2001","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"key":"2025102819003924700_R131","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"A703","DOI":"10.1289\/EHP.021100703","article-title":"Parent bisphenol A accumulation in the human maternal\u2013fetal\u2013placental unit.","volume":"110","author":"Sch\u00f6nfelder","year":"2002","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"key":"2025102819003924700_R132","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1259","DOI":"10.1289\/EHP.5830","article-title":"Birth malformations and other adverse perinatal outcomes in four US wheat-producing states.","volume":"111","author":"Schreinemachers","year":"2003","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"key":"2025102819003924700_R133","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1016\/S0300-5712(97)00039-0","article-title":"Reproductive toxicity of occupational mercury. A review of the literature.","volume":"27","author":"Schuurs","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Dent."},{"key":"2025102819003924700_R134","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"664","DOI":"10.1007\/S00216-003-2251-0","article-title":"Recombinant human estrogen, androgen and progesterone receptors for detection of potential endocrine disruptors.","volume":"378","author":"Scippo","year":"2004","journal-title":"Anal. Bioanal. Chem."},{"key":"2025102819003924700_R135","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"613","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-0282(98)00253-2","article-title":"Environmental toxicants and female reproduction.","volume":"70","author":"Sharara","year":"1998","journal-title":"Fertil. Steril."},{"key":"2025102819003924700_R136","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1046\/J.1365-2605.2003.00367.X","article-title":"\u2018The oestrogen hypothesis\u2019: where do we stand now?","volume":"26","author":"Sharpe","year":"2003","journal-title":"Int. J. Androl."},{"key":"2025102819003924700_R137","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1016\/J.BEEM.2005.09.005","article-title":"Pathways of endocrine disruption during male sexual differentiation and masculinisation.","volume":"20","author":"Sharpe","year":"2006","journal-title":"Best Pract. Res. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"2025102819003924700_R138","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1136\/BMJ.328.7437.447","article-title":"How strong is the evidence of a link between environmental chemicals and adverse effects on human reproductive health?","volume":"328","author":"Sharpe","year":"2004","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"2025102819003924700_R139","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1392","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(93)90953-E","article-title":"Are estrogens involved in falling sperm counts and disorders of the male reproductive tract?","volume":"341","author":"Sharpe","year":"1993","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2025102819003924700_R140","author":"Shen"},{"key":"2025102819003924700_R141","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1093\/TOXSCI\/64.2.233","article-title":"Altered gene profiles in fetal rat testes after in utero exposure to di(n-butyl) phthalate.","volume":"64","author":"Shultz","year":"2001","journal-title":"Toxicol. Sci."},{"key":"2025102819003924700_R142","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.2307\/3430984","article-title":"Lead in bone: implications for toxicology during pregnancy and lactation.","volume":"91","author":"Silbergeld","year":"1991","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"key":"2025102819003924700_R143","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-4347(01)00438-8","article-title":"Determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in smoked meat products and smoke flavouring food additives.","volume":"770","author":"Simko","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Chromatogr. B Anal. Technol. Biomed. Life Sci."},{"key":"2025102819003924700_R144","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE.0.1480281","article-title":"Non-genomic actions of sex steroid hormones.","volume":"148","author":"Simoncini","year":"2003","journal-title":"Eur. J. Endocrinol."},{"key":"2025102819003924700_R145","first-page":"880","article-title":"The environmental impact on male fertility.","volume":"83","author":"Sinawat","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Med. Assoc. Thai."},{"key":"2025102819003924700_R146","first-page":"1249","article-title":"Occupational oligospermia.","volume":"140","author":"Singer","year":"1949","journal-title":"J. Am. Med. Assoc."},{"key":"2025102819003924700_R147","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1016\/J.TAAP.2009.01.028","article-title":"Cadmium-induced testicular injury.","volume":"238","author":"Siu","year":"2009","journal-title":"Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol."},{"key":"2025102819003924700_R148","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1159\/000058100","article-title":"Endocrine disrupters and testicular dysgenesis syndrome.","volume":"57","author":"Skakkeb\u00e6k","year":"2002","journal-title":"Horm. Res."},{"key":"2025102819003924700_R149","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"972","DOI":"10.1093\/HUMREP\/16.5.972","article-title":"Testicular dysgenesis syndrome: an increasingly common developmental disorder with environmental aspects.","volume":"16","author":"Skakkeb\u00e6k","year":"2001","journal-title":"Hum. Reprod."},{"key":"2025102819003924700_R150","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.2307\/3431362","article-title":"Cancer risks from arsenic in drinking water.","volume":"97","author":"Smith","year":"1992","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"key":"2025102819003924700_R151","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1089\/109287503768335931","article-title":"Pharmaceuticals, personal care products, and endocrine disruptors in water: Implications for the water industry.","volume":"20","author":"Snyder","year":"2003","journal-title":"Environ. Eng. Sci."},{"key":"2025102819003924700_R152","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1033","DOI":"10.1016\/J.ENVINT.2008.01.004","article-title":"Nonylphenol in the environment: a critical review on occurrence, fate, toxicity and treatment in wastewaters.","volume":"34","author":"Soares","year":"2008","journal-title":"Environ. Int."},{"key":"2025102819003924700_R153","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.2307\/3431154","article-title":"p-Nonylphenol: an estrogenic xenobiotic released from \u2018modified\u2019 polystrene.","volume":"92","author":"Soto","year":"1991","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"key":"2025102819003924700_R154","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"380","DOI":"10.2307\/3431626","article-title":"The pesticides endosulfan, toxaphene, and dieldrin have estrogenic effects on human estrogen sensitive cells.","volume":"102","author":"Soto","year":"1994","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"key":"2025102819003924700_R155","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.2307\/3432519","article-title":"The E-SCREEN assay as a tool to identify estrogens: an update on estrogenic environmental pollutants.","volume":"103","author":"Soto","year":"1995","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"key":"2025102819003924700_R156","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2149","DOI":"10.1016\/S0045-6535(97)10133-3","article-title":"A review of the environmental fate, effects, and exposures of bisphenol A.","volume":"36","author":"Staples","year":"1998","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"2025102819003924700_R157","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"905","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9378(16)32540-6","article-title":"In utero exposure to diethylstilbestrol: adverse effects on the reproductive tract and reproductive performance and male and female offspring.","volume":"142","author":"Stillman","year":"1982","journal-title":"Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol."},{"key":"2025102819003924700_R158","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1054","DOI":"10.1289\/EHP.6821","article-title":"Survivorship patterns of larval amphibians exposed to low concentrations of atrazine.","volume":"112","author":"Storrs","year":"2004","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"key":"2025102819003924700_R159","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1016\/S0303-7207(01)00430-0","article-title":"Environmental xenoestrogens, antiandrogens and disorders of male sexual differentiation.","volume":"178","author":"Sultan","year":"2001","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Endocrinol."},{"key":"2025102819003924700_R160","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"961","DOI":"10.2307\/3435055","article-title":"The question of declining sperm density revisited: an analysis of 101 studies published 1934\u20131996.","volume":"108","author":"Swan","year":"2000","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"key":"2025102819003924700_R161","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1099-1263(199905\/06)19:3&lt;167::AID-JAT560&gt;3.0.CO;2-8","article-title":"Neurodevelopmental evaluation of 9-month-old infants exposed to low levels of lead in utero: involvement of monoamine neurotransmitters.","volume":"19","author":"Tang","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Appl. Toxicol."},{"key":"2025102819003924700_R162","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/S0048-9697(03)00453-4","article-title":"Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in agricultural soil and vegetables from Tianjin.","volume":"320","author":"Tao","year":"2004","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"2025102819003924700_R163","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1016\/J.MRREV.2006.02.001","article-title":"Arsenic in the aetiology of cancer.","volume":"612","author":"Tapio","year":"2006","journal-title":"Mutat. Res."},{"key":"2025102819003924700_R164","unstructured":"The European Parliament and the Council of the European Union (2000). Directive 2000\/60\/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 23 October 2000 establishing a framework for community action in the field of water policy. Off. J. Eur. Communities327, 1\u201373. Available at http:\/\/eur-lex.europa.eu\/LexUriServ\/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:2000:327:0001:0072:EN:PDF"},{"key":"2025102819003924700_R165","unstructured":"The European Parliament and the Council of the European Union (2008). Directive 2008\/105\/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 16 December 2008, on environmental quality standards in the field of water policy, amending and subsequently repealing Council Directives 82\/176\/EEC, 83\/513\/EEC, 84\/156\/EEC, 84\/491\/EEC, 86\/280\/EEC and amending Directive 2000\/60\/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council. Off. J. Eur. Communities 384, 84\u201397. Available at http:\/\/eur-lex.europa.eu\/LexUriServ\/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:2008:348:0084:0097:EN:PDF"},{"key":"2025102819003924700_R166","author":"Theobald"},{"key":"2025102819003924700_R167","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.3109\/10408448409023761","article-title":"Biological effects of di-(2-ethyl-hexyl) phthalate and other phthalic acid esters.","volume":"13","author":"Thomas","year":"1984","journal-title":"Crit. Rev. Toxicol."},{"key":"2025102819003924700_R168","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1227","DOI":"10.1210\/EN.2003-1475","article-title":"Di(n-butyl) phthalate impairs cholesterol transport and steroidogenesis in the fetal rat testis through a rapid and reversible mechanism.","volume":"145","author":"Thompson","year":"2004","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"2025102819003924700_R169","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1016\/S0960-8524(00)00060-2","article-title":"The treatment of pulp and paper mill effluent: a review.","volume":"77","author":"Thompson","year":"2001","journal-title":"Bioresour. Technol."},{"key":"2025102819003924700_R170","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"807","DOI":"10.2307\/3434193","article-title":"Developmental neurotoxicology of endocrine disruptors and pesticides: identification of information gaps and research needs.","volume":"106","author":"Tilson","year":"1998","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"key":"2025102819003924700_R171","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1099-1301(199904\/06)1:2&lt;103::AID-JEM15&gt;3.0.CO;2-S","article-title":"The magnitude, persistence and public health significance of cognitive effects of environmental lead exposure in childhood.","volume":"1","author":"Tong","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Environ. Med."},{"key":"2025102819003924700_R172","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"741","DOI":"10.2307\/3432709","article-title":"Male reproductive health and environmental xenoestrogens.","volume":"104","author":"Toppari","year":"1996","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"key":"2025102819003924700_R173","first-page":"459","article-title":"Steroid hormone receptors: interaction with deoxyribonucleic acid and transcription factors.","volume":"14","author":"Truss","year":"1993","journal-title":"Endocr. Rev."},{"key":"2025102819003924700_R174","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1016\/J.ENVPOL.2004.05.012","article-title":"Occurrence of gaseous and particulate polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the urban atmosphere: study of sources and ambient temperature effect on the gas\/particle concentration and distribution.","volume":"133","author":"Tsapakis","year":"2005","journal-title":"Environ. Pollut."},{"key":"2025102819003924700_R175"},{"key":"2025102819003924700_R176","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1033","DOI":"10.1016\/J.CHEMOSPHERE.2005.05.043","article-title":"Linking molecular interactions to consequent effects of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) upon populations.","volume":"62","author":"Vasseur","year":"2006","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"2025102819003924700_R177","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.1016\/J.CHEMOSPHERE.2004.12.053","article-title":"An integrated assessment of estrogenic contamination and biological effects in the aquatic environment of The Netherlands.","volume":"59","author":"Vethaak","year":"2005","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"2025102819003924700_R178","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1016\/J.JENVMAN.2004.09.008","article-title":"Methanogenic toxicity of wood processing effluents.","volume":"74","author":"Vidal","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Environ. Manage."},{"key":"2025102819003924700_R179","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1016\/J.SCITOTENV.2006.11.005","article-title":"Case-control study of toenail cadmium and prostate cancer risk in Italy.","volume":"373","author":"Vinceti","year":"2007","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"2025102819003924700_R180","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"384","DOI":"10.1590\/S0036-36342000000500003","article-title":"Carry-over of persistent organochlorine pesticides through placenta to fetus.","volume":"42","author":"Waliszewski","year":"2000","journal-title":"Salud Publica Mex."},{"key":"2025102819003924700_R181","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1016\/0041-008X(88)90085-3","article-title":"Disposition of [14C]nonoxynol-9 after intravenous or vaginal administration to female Sprague-Dawley rats.","volume":"96","author":"Walter","year":"1988","journal-title":"Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol."},{"key":"2025102819003924700_R182","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1081\/ESE-120016885","article-title":"Effects of arsenic on younger generations.","volume":"38","author":"Watanabe","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Environ. Sci. Health A Tox. Hazard. Subst. Environ. Eng."},{"key":"2025102819003924700_R183","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1191\/0960327105HT551OA","article-title":"Reproductive stimulation by low doses of xenoestrogens contrasts with the view of hormesis as an adaptive response.","volume":"24","author":"Weltje","year":"2005","journal-title":"Hum. Exp. Toxicol."},{"key":"2025102819003924700_R184","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1210\/EN.135.1.175","article-title":"Environmentally persistent alkylphenolic compounds are estrogenic.","volume":"135","author":"White","year":"1994","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"2025102819003924700_R185","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1016\/S1383-5866(03)00174-6","article-title":"Photo-Fenton degradation of wastewater containing organic compounds in solar reactor.","volume":"34","author":"Will","year":"2004","journal-title":"Separ. Purif. Tech."},{"key":"2025102819003924700_R186","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1016\/S0011-9164(02)00519-2","article-title":"Endocrine disrupter removal from wastewater using membrane bioreactor and nanofiltration technology.","volume":"146","author":"Wintgens","year":"2002","journal-title":"Desalination"},{"key":"2025102819003924700_R187"},{"key":"2025102819003924700_R188","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/0300-483X(95)03195-L","article-title":"In vivo studies of cadmium-induced apoptosis in testicular tissue of the rat and its modulation by a chelating agent.","volume":"107","author":"Xu","year":"1996","journal-title":"Toxicology"},{"key":"2025102819003924700_R189","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1016\/J.JHAZMAT.2008.08.027","article-title":"Degradation of n-butyl benzyl phthalate using TiO2\/UV.","volume":"164","author":"Xu","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Hazard. Mater."},{"key":"2025102819003924700_R190","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1460","DOI":"10.1061\/(ASCE)0733-9372(2004)130:12(1460)","article-title":"Removal of 17\u00df estradiol and fluoranthene by nanofiltration and ultrafiltration.","volume":"130","author":"Yoon","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Environ. Eng."},{"key":"2025102819003924700_R191","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1016\/J.MEMSCI.2005.06.045","article-title":"Nanofiltration and ultrafiltration of endocrine disrupting compounds, pharmaceuticals and personal care products.","volume":"270","author":"Yoon","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Membr. Sci."},{"key":"2025102819003924700_R192","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1620\/TJEM.196.79","article-title":"Placental to fetal transfer of mercury and fetotoxicity.","volume":"196","author":"Yoshida","year":"2002","journal-title":"Tohoku J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"2025102819003924700_R193","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1016\/J.ETAP.2005.03.007","article-title":"Low dose mercury toxicity and human health.","volume":"20","author":"Zahir","year":"2005","journal-title":"Environ. Toxicol. Pharmacol."},{"key":"2025102819003924700_R194","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1016\/J.JHAZMAT.2007.11.075","article-title":"Sorption and degradation of bisphenol A by aerobic activated sludge.","volume":"155","author":"Zhao","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Hazard. Mater."}],"container-title":["Reproduction, Fertility and Development"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/connectsci.au\/rd\/article-pdf\/23\/3\/403\/304467\/rd09300.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/connectsci.au\/rd\/article-pdf\/23\/3\/403\/304467\/rd09300.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,28]],"date-time":"2025-10-28T23:00:47Z","timestamp":1761692447000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/connectsci.au\/rd\/article\/23\/3\/403\/49024\/Negative-impact-of-endocrine-disrupting-compounds"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011,2,3]]},"references-count":194,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,3,16]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1071\/rd09300","relation":{},"ISSN":["1031-3613","1448-5990"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1031-3613","type":"print"},{"value":"1448-5990","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2011,2,3]]}}}