{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T04:02:33Z","timestamp":1792814553885,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"CSIRO Publishing","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":5489,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1071\/journalslicense"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,7,26]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Bioactive factors in seminal plasma induce cellular and molecular changes in the female reproductive tract after coitus. An active constituent of seminal plasma in mice and humans is the potent immune-modulating cytokine transforming growth factor-\u03b2 (TGF\u03b2). To investigate whether TGF\u03b2 is present in boar seminal plasma, TGF\u03b21 and TGF\u03b22 were measured by immunoassay. High levels of TGF\u03b21 and TGF\u03b22 were detected in 100% of seminal fluid samples from 73 boars. Both were predominantly in the active, not latent form. Interferon-\u03b3 (IFN\u03b3) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS), agents that interact with TGF\u03b2 signalling, were detectable in 5% and 100% of samples, respectively. TGF\u03b21 and TGF\u03b22 concentrations varied widely between boars, but correlated with each other and with sperm density, and remained relatively constant within individual boars over a 6-month period. Frequent semen collection substantially diminished the concentration of both TGF\u03b2 isoforms. Using retrospective breeding data for 44 boars, no correlation between TGF\u03b2 content and boar reproductive performance by artificial insemination (AI) with diluted semen was found. It is concluded that TGF\u03b2 is abundant in boar seminal plasma, leading to the speculation that, in pigs, TGF\u03b2 may be a male\u2013female signalling agent involved in immune changes in the female reproductive tract elicited by seminal fluid.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1071\/rd11001","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,5,8]],"date-time":"2013-05-08T23:59:28Z","timestamp":1368057568000},"page":"748-758","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"title":["Transforming growth factor-\u03b2 (TGF\u03b2) in porcine seminal plasma"],"prefix":"10.1071","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Sean","family":"O\u2019Leary","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"ASchool of Paediatrics and Reproductive Health, The Robinson Institute, The University of Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David T.","family":"Armstrong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ASchool of Paediatrics and Reproductive Health, The Robinson Institute, The University of Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah A.","family":"Robertson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ASchool of Paediatrics and Reproductive Health, The Robinson Institute, The University of Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia."},{"name":"BCorresponding author. 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