{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T03:27:44Z","timestamp":1790652464962,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"CSIRO Publishing","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,27]],"date-time":"2025-05-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748304000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":4381,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1071\/journalslicense"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The cholesterol content of the sperm membrane is regulated during both maturation in the epididymis and capacitation in the female tract, two processes required for the spermatozoa to acquire their fertilising ability. Because Niemann-Pick disease, type C2 (NPC2) protein is one of the most abundant components of the epididymal fluid and contains a functional cholesterol-binding site that can transfer cholesterol between membranes, it has been suggested for years that NPC2 could be involved in the regulation of cholesterol levels in spermatozoa during epididymal maturation. In the present study, western blot and immunohistochemistry analyses demonstrated significant levels of NPC2 in the mouse epididymal epithelium. Epididymal spermatozoa obtained from NPC2\u2013\/\u2013 mice were morphologically normal and had normal motility parameters, but had a reduced cholesterol content compared with that of wild-type (WT) spermatozoa, as determined by both biochemical and by flow cytometry analyses. These results suggest that NPC2 could be involved in regulating cholesterol levels in spermatozoa during epididymal maturation. To understand the relevance of epididymal NPC2 for sperm function, the ability of spermatozoa to undergo events influenced by epididymal maturation, such as capacitation and fertilisation, were compared between WT and NPC2\u2013\/\u2013 mice. Capacitated NPC2\u2013\/\u2013 spermatozoa exhibited defective tyrosine phosphorylation patterns and a reduced ability to fertilise cumulus\u2013oocyte complexes compared with WT spermatozoa, supporting the relevance of mouse epididymal NPC2 for male fertility.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1071\/rd12059","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,5,29]],"date-time":"2013-05-29T00:44:51Z","timestamp":1369788291000},"page":"609-621","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["Spermatozoa from mice deficient in Niemann-Pick disease type C2 (NPC2) protein have defective cholesterol content and reduced in vitro fertilising ability"],"prefix":"10.1071","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Dolores","family":"Busso","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"ADepartment of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Cat\u00f3lica. Avda. Bernardo O\u2019Higgins 340. 8331150 Santiago, Chile."},{"name":"BDepartment of Physiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Cat\u00f3lica. Avda. Bernardo O\u2019Higgins 340. 8331150 Santiago, Chile."},{"name":"ECorresponding authors. Emails:"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda Jos\u00e9","family":"O\u00f1ate-Alvarado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BDepartment of Physiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Cat\u00f3lica. Avda. Bernardo O\u2019Higgins 340. 8331150 Santiago, Chile."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elisa","family":"Balboa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ADepartment of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Cat\u00f3lica. Avda. Bernardo O\u2019Higgins 340. 8331150 Santiago, Chile."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juan","family":"Castro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ADepartment of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Cat\u00f3lica. Avda. Bernardo O\u2019Higgins 340. 8331150 Santiago, Chile."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carlos","family":"Lizama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BDepartment of Physiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Cat\u00f3lica. Avda. Bernardo O\u2019Higgins 340. 8331150 Santiago, Chile."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gabriela","family":"Morales","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ADepartment of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Cat\u00f3lica. Avda. Bernardo O\u2019Higgins 340. 8331150 Santiago, Chile."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susana","family":"Vargas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CLaboratory for Scientific Image Analysis (SCIAN-Lab), Program of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Instituto de Ciencias Biom\u00e9dicas ICBM, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Avda. Independencia 1027. 8389100 Santiago, Chile."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steffen","family":"H\u00e4rtel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CLaboratory for Scientific Image Analysis (SCIAN-Lab), Program of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Instituto de Ciencias Biom\u00e9dicas ICBM, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Avda. Independencia 1027. 8389100 Santiago, Chile."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ricardo D.","family":"Moreno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BDepartment of Physiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Cat\u00f3lica. Avda. Bernardo O\u2019Higgins 340. 8331150 Santiago, Chile."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Silvana","family":"Zanlungo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ADepartment of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Cat\u00f3lica. Avda. Bernardo O\u2019Higgins 340. 8331150 Santiago, Chile."},{"name":"DFONDAP \u201cCenter for Genome Regulation\u201d, Avenida Blanco Encalada 2085. 8370415 Santiago, Chile."},{"name":"ECorresponding authors. Emails:"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"67","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,5,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025102819381622000_R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"554","DOI":"10.1111\/J.1745-7262.2007.00280.X","article-title":"Proteomic changes in mammalian spermatozoa during epididymal maturation.","volume":"9","author":"Aitken","year":"2007","journal-title":"Asian J. Androl."},{"key":"2025102819381622000_R2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"470","DOI":"10.1093\/clinchem\/20.4.470","article-title":"Enzymatic determination of total serum cholesterol.","volume":"20","author":"Allain","year":"1974","journal-title":"Clin. Chem."},{"key":"2025102819381622000_R3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1002\/MRD.20174","article-title":"Immunolocalization of cubilin, megalin, apolipoprotein J, and apolipoprotein A-I in the uterus and oviduct.","volume":"69","author":"Argraves","year":"2004","journal-title":"Mol. Reprod. Dev."},{"key":"2025102819381622000_R4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3645","DOI":"10.1242\/JCS.01214","article-title":"Tyrosine phosphorylation activates surface chaperones facilitating sperm-zona recognition.","volume":"117","author":"Asquith","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Cell Sci."},{"key":"2025102819381622000_R5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"617","DOI":"10.1515\/BC.2007.063","article-title":"Development of an assay for the intermembrane transfer of cholesterol by Niemann-Pick C2 protein.","volume":"388","author":"Babalola","year":"2007","journal-title":"Biol. Chem."},{"key":"2025102819381622000_R6"},{"key":"2025102819381622000_R7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1016\/J.MCE.2009.10.011","article-title":"Female infertility due to anovulation and defective steroidogenesis in NPC2 deficient mice.","volume":"315","author":"Busso","year":"2010","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Endocrinol."},{"key":"2025102819381622000_R8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1016\/J.YMGME.2004.06.013","article-title":"Niemann-Pick type C disease: importance of N-glycosylation sites for function and cellular location of the NPC2 protein.","volume":"83","author":"Chikh","year":"2004","journal-title":"Mol. Genet. Metab."},{"key":"2025102819381622000_R9","unstructured":"Committee for the Update of the Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals; National Research Council (2011). Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals. 8th edition. (National Academies Press: Washington, DC) Available from: http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK54050\/"},{"key":"2025102819381622000_R10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1093\/HUMUPD\/DMN055","article-title":"New insights into epididymal biology and function.","volume":"15","author":"Cornwall","year":"2009","journal-title":"Hum. Reprod. Update"},{"key":"2025102819381622000_R11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1095\/BIOLREPROD59.1.7","article-title":"Role of cholesterol in sperm capacitation.","volume":"59","author":"Cross","year":"1998","journal-title":"Biol. Reprod."},{"key":"2025102819381622000_R12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1367","DOI":"10.1095\/BIOLREPROD.104.030502","article-title":"Reorganization of lipid rafts during capacitation of human sperm.","volume":"71","author":"Cross","year":"2004","journal-title":"Biol. Reprod."},{"key":"2025102819381622000_R13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1325","DOI":"10.1095\/BIOLREPROD.103.022822","article-title":"Bicarbonate is required for migration of sperm epididymal protein DE (CRISP-1) to the equatorial segment and expression of rat sperm fusion ability.","volume":"70","author":"Da Ros","year":"2004","journal-title":"Biol. Reprod."},{"key":"2025102819381622000_R14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1325","DOI":"10.1095\/BIOLREPROD.103.022822","article-title":"Bicarbonate is required for migration of sperm epididymal protein DE (CRISP-1) to the equatorial segment and expression of rat sperm fusion ability.","volume":"70","author":"Da Ros","year":"2004","journal-title":"Biol. Reprod."},{"key":"2025102819381622000_R15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1002\/JEMT.10312","article-title":"Contribution of epididymal secretory proteins for spermatozoa maturation.","volume":"61","author":"Dacheux","year":"2003","journal-title":"Microsc. Res. Tech."},{"key":"2025102819381622000_R16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1284","DOI":"10.1002\/MRD.20559","article-title":"Sperm defects in mice lacking a functional Niemann-Pick C1 protein.","volume":"73","author":"Fan","year":"2006","journal-title":"Mol. Reprod. Dev."},{"key":"2025102819381622000_R17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)64849-5","article-title":"A simple method for the isolation and purification of total lipides from animal tissues.","volume":"226","author":"Folch","year":"1957","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"2025102819381622000_R18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1790","DOI":"10.1095\/BIOLREPROD62.6.1790","article-title":"Stallion epididymal fluid proteome: qualitative and quantitative characterization; secretion and dynamic changes of major proteins.","volume":"62","author":"Fouch\u00e9court","year":"2000","journal-title":"Biol. Reprod."},{"key":"2025102819381622000_R19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2512","DOI":"10.1073\/PNAS.0437840100","article-title":"Structure of a cholesterol-binding protein deficient in Niemann-Pick type C2 disease.","volume":"100","author":"Friedland","year":"2003","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"2025102819381622000_R20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"857","DOI":"10.1095\/BIOLREPROD54.4.857","article-title":"Molecular cloning and characterization of EPI-1, the major protein in chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes) cauda epididymal fluid.","volume":"54","author":"Fr\u00f6hlich","year":"1996","journal-title":"Biol. Reprod."},{"key":"2025102819381622000_R21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1387\/IJDB.082583BG","article-title":"Sperm head membrane reorganisation during capacitation.","volume":"52","author":"Gadella","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int. J. Dev. Biol."},{"key":"2025102819381622000_R22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1778","DOI":"10.1210\/ME.2003-0323","article-title":"Aberrant intracellular cholesterol transport disrupts pituitary and ovarian function.","volume":"18","author":"G\u00e9vry","year":"2004","journal-title":"Mol. Endocrinol."},{"key":"2025102819381622000_R23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1095\/BIOLREPROD.109.078915","article-title":"Diet-induced obesity in male mice is associated with reduced fertility and potentiation of acrylamide-induced reproductive toxicity.","volume":"82","author":"Ghanayem","year":"2010","journal-title":"Biol. Reprod."},{"key":"2025102819381622000_R24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"921","DOI":"10.1095\/BIOLREPROD.107.066514","article-title":"Seminal plasma proteins regulate the association of lipids and proteins within detergent-resistant membrane domains of bovine spermatozoa.","volume":"78","author":"Girouard","year":"2008","journal-title":"Biol. Reprod."},{"key":"2025102819381622000_R25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1207","DOI":"10.1095\/BIOLREPROD.110.088989","article-title":"Classification of mouse sperm motility patterns using an automated multiclass support vector machines model.","volume":"84","author":"Goodson","year":"2011","journal-title":"Biol. Reprod."},{"key":"2025102819381622000_R26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2720","DOI":"10.1093\/HUMREP\/12.12.2720","article-title":"Changes in lipids and membrane anisotropy in human spermatozoa during epididymal maturation.","volume":"12","author":"Haidl","year":"1997","journal-title":"Hum. Reprod."},{"key":"2025102819381622000_R27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1939-4640.1991.tb00220.x","article-title":"Correlation between changes in rat sperm membrane lipids, protein, and the membrane physical state during epididymal maturation.","volume":"12","author":"Hall","year":"1991","journal-title":"J. Androl."},{"key":"2025102819381622000_R28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15 287","DOI":"10.1073\/PNAS.0807328105","article-title":"NPC2 facilitates bidirectional transfer of cholesterol between NPC1 and lipid bilayers, a step in cholesterol egress from lysosomes.","volume":"105","author":"Infante","year":"2008","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"2025102819381622000_R29","first-page":"73","article-title":"Plasma membrane structure and remodelling during sperm maturation in the epididymis.","volume":"53","author":"Jones","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Reprod. Fertil. Suppl."},{"key":"2025102819381622000_R30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"438","DOI":"10.1111\/J.1745-7262.2007.00282.X","article-title":"Supramolecular organization of the sperm plasma membrane during maturation and capacitation.","volume":"9","author":"Jones","year":"2007","journal-title":"Asian J. Androl."},{"key":"2025102819381622000_R31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1262\/JRD.18023","article-title":"The relationship between sperm morphology and in vitro fertilization ability in mice.","volume":"52","author":"Kawai","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Reprod. Dev."},{"key":"2025102819381622000_R32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"847","DOI":"10.1095\/BIOLREPROD54.4.847","article-title":"Molecular cloning and characterization of HE1, a major secretory protein of the human epididymis.","volume":"54","author":"Kirchhoff","year":"1996","journal-title":"Biol. Reprod."},{"key":"2025102819381622000_R33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1002\/HEP.20985","article-title":"NPC2 is expressed in human and murine liver and secreted into bile: potential implications for body cholesterol homeostasis.","volume":"43","author":"Klein","year":"2006","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"2025102819381622000_R34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1213","DOI":"10.1016\/J.CELL.2009.03.049","article-title":"Structure of N-terminal domain of NPC1 reveals distinct subdomains for binding and transfer of cholesterol.","volume":"137","author":"Kwon","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"2025102819381622000_R35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"680","DOI":"10.1038\/227680A0","article-title":"Cleavage of structural proteins during the assembly of the head of bacteriophage T4.","volume":"227","author":"Laemmli","year":"1970","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2025102819381622000_R36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1939-4640.1997.tb01874.x","article-title":"Expression of apolipoprotein E mRNA in the epithelium and interstitium of the testis and the epididymis.","volume":"18","author":"Law","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Androl."},{"key":"2025102819381622000_R37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1939-4640.2004.tb02756.x","article-title":"Vasectomy influences expression of HE1 but not HE2 and HE5 genes in human epididymis.","volume":"25","author":"Legar\u00e9","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Androl."},{"key":"2025102819381622000_R38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1093\/MOLEHR\/GAL050","article-title":"HE1\/NPC2 status in human reproductive tract and ejaculated spermatozoa: consequence of vasectomy.","volume":"12","author":"L\u00e9gar\u00e9","year":"2006","journal-title":"Mol. Hum. Reprod."},{"key":"2025102819381622000_R39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1002","DOI":"10.1093\/HUMREP\/DEI435","article-title":"Tyrosine phosphorylation on capacitated human sperm tail detected by immunofluorescence correlates strongly with sperm-zona pellucida (ZP) binding but not with the ZP-induced acrosome reaction.","volume":"21","author":"Liu","year":"2006","journal-title":"Hum. Reprod."},{"key":"2025102819381622000_R40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"472","DOI":"10.1016\/J.BBRC.2008.09.009","article-title":"ATP-binding cassette transporters ABCA1, ABCA7, and ABCG1 in mouse spermatozoa.","volume":"376","author":"Morales","year":"2008","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"key":"2025102819381622000_R41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2298","DOI":"10.1126\/SCIENCE.290.5500.2298","article-title":"Identification of HE1 as the second gene of Niemann-Pick C disease.","volume":"290","author":"Naureckiene","year":"2000","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2025102819381622000_R42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.3109\/01485019608988501","article-title":"Protein tyrosine phosphorylation and signal transduction during capacitation-acrosome reaction and zona pellucida binding in human sperm.","volume":"37","author":"Naz","year":"1996","journal-title":"Arch. Androl."},{"key":"2025102819381622000_R43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1083\/JCB.66.2.263","article-title":"Ultrastuctural localization of lectin-binding sites on the zonae pellucidae and plasma membrane of mammalian egg.","volume":"66","author":"Nicolson","year":"1975","journal-title":"J. Cell Biol."},{"key":"2025102819381622000_R44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1016\/S1388-1981(99)00070-0","article-title":"A porcine homolog of the major secretory protein of human epididymis, HE1, specifically binds cholesterol.","volume":"1438","author":"Okamura","year":"1999","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta"},{"key":"2025102819381622000_R45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"653","DOI":"10.1095\/BIOLREPROD32.3.653","article-title":"Development changes occurring in the lipids of ram epididymal spermatozoa plasma membrane.","volume":"32","author":"Parks","year":"1985","journal-title":"Biol. Reprod."},{"key":"2025102819381622000_R46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4615-5901-6_14","article-title":"Biological implications of the Niemann-Pick C mutation.","volume":"28","author":"Pentchev","year":"1997","journal-title":"Subcell. Biochem."},{"key":"2025102819381622000_R47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"839","DOI":"10.1016\/J.THERIOGENOLOGY.2009.09.007","article-title":"Systematic misestimation of cell subpopulations by flow cytometry: A mathematical analysis.","volume":"73","author":"Petrunkina","year":"2010","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"key":"2025102819381622000_R48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"995","DOI":"10.1016\/J.THERIOGENOLOGY.2009.12.006","article-title":"Identifying non-sperm particles during flow cytometric physiological assessment: a simple approach.","volume":"73","author":"Petrunkina","year":"2010","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"key":"2025102819381622000_R49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-0282(16)48918-1","article-title":"Improved pregnancy rate in human in vitro fertilization with the use of a medium based on the composition of human tubal fluid.","volume":"44","author":"Quinn","year":"1985","journal-title":"Fertil. Steril."},{"key":"2025102819381622000_R50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1043","DOI":"10.1095\/BIOLREPROD67.4.1043","article-title":"Control of membrane fusion during spermiogenesis and the acrosome reaction.","volume":"67","author":"Ramalho-Santos","year":"2002","journal-title":"Biol. Reprod."},{"key":"2025102819381622000_R51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1104","DOI":"10.1095\/BIOLREPROD.105.049304","article-title":"Lipid remodeling of murine epididymosomes and spermatozoa during epididymal maturation.","volume":"74","author":"Rejraji","year":"2006","journal-title":"Biol. Reprod."},{"key":"2025102819381622000_R52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1095\/BIOLREPROD.103.026435","article-title":"Cholesterol efflux alters lipid raft stability and distribution during capacitation of boar spermatozoa.","volume":"71","author":"Shadan","year":"2004","journal-title":"Biol. Reprod."},{"key":"2025102819381622000_R53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5886","DOI":"10.1073\/PNAS.0308456101","article-title":"Genetic evidence for nonredundant functional cooperativity between NPC1 and NPC2 in lipid transport.","volume":"101","author":"Sleat","year":"2004","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"2025102819381622000_R54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1774","DOI":"10.1095\/BIOLREPROD63.6.1774","article-title":"In vitro fertilization with cryopreserved inbred mouse sperm.","volume":"63","author":"Sztein","year":"2000","journal-title":"Biol. Reprod."},{"key":"2025102819381622000_R55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"546","DOI":"10.1095\/BIOLREPROD.107.065359","article-title":"Methyl-beta-cyclodextrin improves fertilizing ability of C57BL\/6 mouse sperm after freezing and thawing by facilitating cholesterol efflux from the cells.","volume":"78","author":"Takeo","year":"2008","journal-title":"Biol. Reprod."},{"key":"2025102819381622000_R56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1095\/BIOLREPROD28.1.75","article-title":"Cyclic adenosine 3',5' monophosphate, calcium and protein phosphorylation in flagellar motility.","volume":"28","author":"Tash","year":"1983","journal-title":"Biol. Reprod."},{"key":"2025102819381622000_R57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1098-2795(199602)43:2&lt;196::AID-MRD9&gt;3.0.CO;2-M","article-title":"Activation of mouse sperm phosphatidylinositol-4,5 bisphosphate-phospholipase C by zona pellucida is modulated by tyrosine phosphorylation.","volume":"43","author":"Tomes","year":"1996","journal-title":"Mol. Reprod. Dev."},{"key":"2025102819381622000_R58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4350","DOI":"10.1073\/PNAS.76.9.4350","article-title":"Electrophoretic transfer of proteins from polyacrylamide gels to nitrocellulose sheets: procedure and some applications.","volume":"76","author":"Towbin","year":"1979","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"2025102819381622000_R59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"599","DOI":"10.1006\/DBIO.2001.0475","article-title":"Expression and localization of caveolin-1, and the presence of membrane rafts, in mouse and Guinea pig spermatozoa.","volume":"240","author":"Travis","year":"2001","journal-title":"Dev. Biol."},{"key":"2025102819381622000_R60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1111\/J.1365-2605.1993.TB01153.X","article-title":"Tissue-specific gene expression as an indicator of epididymis-specific functional status in the boar, bull and stallion.","volume":"16","author":"Uhlenbruck","year":"1993","journal-title":"Int. J. Androl."},{"key":"2025102819381622000_R61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1350","DOI":"10.1095\/BIOLREPROD64.5.1350","article-title":"Protein tyrosine phosphorylation in sperm during gamete interaction in the mouse: the influence of glucose.","volume":"64","author":"Urner","year":"2001","journal-title":"Biol. Reprod."},{"key":"2025102819381622000_R62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1129","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.121.4.1129","article-title":"Capacitation of mouse spermatozoa. I. Correlation between the capacitation state and protein tyrosine phosphorylation.","volume":"121","author":"Visconti","year":"1995","journal-title":"Development"},{"key":"2025102819381622000_R63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3235","DOI":"10.1074\/JBC.274.5.3235","article-title":"Cholesterol efflux-mediated signal transduction in mammalian sperm. beta-cyclodextrins initiate transmembrane signaling leading to an increase in protein tyrosine phosphorylation and capacitation.","volume":"274","author":"Visconti","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"2025102819381622000_R64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1006\/DBIO.1999.9428","article-title":"Cholesterol efflux-mediated signal transduction in mammalian sperm: cholesterol release signals an increase in protein tyrosine phosphorylation during mouse sperm capacitation.","volume":"214","author":"Visconti","year":"1999","journal-title":"Dev. Biol."},{"key":"2025102819381622000_R65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1016\/J.YDBIO.2006.05.038","article-title":"Soluble adenylyl cyclase (sAC) is indispensable for sperm function and fertilization.","volume":"296","author":"Xie","year":"2006","journal-title":"Dev. Biol."},{"key":"2025102819381622000_R66"}],"container-title":["Reproduction, Fertility and Development"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/connectsci.au\/rd\/article-pdf\/26\/4\/609\/310081\/rd12059.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/connectsci.au\/rd\/article-pdf\/26\/4\/609\/310081\/rd12059.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,28]],"date-time":"2025-10-28T23:38:26Z","timestamp":1761694706000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/connectsci.au\/rd\/article\/26\/4\/609\/49932\/Spermatozoa-from-mice-deficient-in-Niemann-Pick"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,5,29]]},"references-count":66,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,8]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1071\/rd12059","relation":{},"ISSN":["1031-3613","1448-5990"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1031-3613","type":"print"},{"value":"1448-5990","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,5,29]]}}}