{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,29]],"date-time":"2025-10-29T06:33:42Z","timestamp":1761719622225,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"CSIRO Publishing","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,27]],"date-time":"2025-05-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748304000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":3695,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1071\/journalslicense"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,18]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Interferon regulatory factor (IRF) 4 has been reported to modulate Toll-like receptor (TLR) signalling. Polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (poly(I:C)) can be specifically recognised by TLR3, triggering the innate immune response and subsequently resulting in pregnancy loss. In the present study, poly(I:C) was administered to mice with or without TLR3 blockade. Chemokine (C-X-C motif) receptor 4 (CXCR4) expression was measured with or without chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 12 (CXCL12) inhibition. In cultured murine splenic mononuclear cells, IRF4 was knocked down by a specific short interference (si) RNA. IRF4 mRNA and protein levels and T helper (Th) 17 cell frequencies in the poly(I:C)-treated group were significantly higher than in the phosphate-buffered saline (PBS)-treated control group, and were correlated with a significantly higher embryo resorption rate. Interleukin (IL)-17A and IL-21 levels were markedly lower in the IRF4 siRNA-treated group than in the non-specific siRNA- or vehicle control-treated groups. The CXCR4+ cell frequency was significantly higher among IRF4+ uterine mononuclear and granular cells (UMGCs) compared with IRF4\u2013 cells. Inhibition of CXCL12 significantly abrogated poly(I:C)-induced increases in the frequency of IRF4+CXCR4+ cells in UMGCs. IRF4 might play a critical role in TLR3 signalling, which mediates Th17 cell activation and upregulates the expression of IL-17A and IL-21, which results in pregnancy loss. CXCL12 may modulate IRF4+CXCR4+ cell migration at the fetomaternal interface. TLR3 and IRF4 blockade could potentially prevent spontaneous abortion under certain conditions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1071\/rd14499","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,4,14]],"date-time":"2015-04-14T21:46:59Z","timestamp":1429048019000},"page":"1631-1641","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Potential effects of interferon regulatory factor 4 in a murine model of polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid-induced embryo resorption"],"prefix":"10.1071","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Jing","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"ADepartment of Reproductive Medical Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, Hubei Province, P. R. 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