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Ipsilateral endometrial expression was assessed on Days 7 and 13 after ovulation for the following transcripts: oestrogen receptor ER\u03b1 (ESR1), progesterone receptor (PGR), progestin and adipoQ receptor family member 5 (PAQR5), oxytocin receptor (OXTR), prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (PTGS2), raf-1 proto-oncogene serine\/threonine kinase (RAF1), p21-activated kinase 6 (PAK6), fibroblast growth factor family member 9 (FGF9), IGF1 and its receptor (IGF1R), mucin 1 (MUC1), osteopontin (OPN), leptin receptor (LEPR) and adiponectin receptors 1 and 2 (ADIPOR1 and ADIPOR2). Ipsilateral endometrial immunological cell infiltration and immunohistochemical protein localisation were evaluated on Days 7, 10 and 13 after ovulation for ER\u03b1, PGR, OXTR, PTGS2, IGF1, IGF1R, IGF2 and MUC1. Serum hormone concentrations were not affected by reproductive status. Pregnancy downregulated ESR1 and PGR mRNA levels, upregulated the expression of all other genes and affected the expression of all genes, except PGR, on Day 7 (compared with eight genes affected at Day 13). Proteins were affected by pregnancy or by its interaction with other variables (day of extraction and endometrial compartment). Pregnant mares had a higher lymphocyte count, which decreased towards Day 13. The effect of pregnancy on leucocytes and proteins was more evident in superficial endometrial compartments. The results of this study suggest that the equine embryo exerts prompt paracrine regulation of critical biological processes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1071\/rd21001","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,22]],"date-time":"2021-03-22T22:52:02Z","timestamp":1616453522000},"page":"410-426","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Equine early pregnancy endocrine profiles and ipsilateral endometrial immune cell, gene expression and protein localisation response"],"prefix":"10.1071","volume":"33","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7381-9813","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Irene","family":"Kalpokas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"ALaboratory of Animal Endocrinology and Metabolism, Veterinary Faculty, Montevideo, Uruguay."},{"name":"ECorresponding author. 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