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Preventing reptile extinctions will require humans to acknowledge these losses and develop ex situ and in situ plans to preserve them. Assisted reproductive technologies (ART) are management tools used to protect numerous vertebrate taxa; however, progress in developing ART for reptiles has lagged. Creating functional and sustainable reptile ART will strengthen our conservation capacity by capturing genetic material from select individuals to overcome natural or manmade boundaries. Utilising short-term gamete storage and genome resource banking, in conjunction with timed artificial insemination (AI) or ex ovo incubation, could lead to profound advances in reptile conservation, mitigating the loss of reptile biodiversity. In this article, we review ART reptile research completed since the 1970s. Topics include AI, hormonal control of reproduction, gamete collection, gamete storage, and genome resource banking. Additionally, we review the potential application of advanced reproductive methodologies, including in vitro\/ex ovo fertilisation, intracytoplasmic sperm injection, cloning (somatic cell nuclear transfer), and genetic editing.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1071\/rd21034","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,16]],"date-time":"2021-12-16T18:11:19Z","timestamp":1639678279000},"page":"385-400","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Reptile assisted reproductive technologies: can ART help conserve 300\u00a0million years of evolution by preserving extant reptile biodiversity?"],"prefix":"10.1071","volume":"34","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4638-4989","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Sean M.","family":"Perry","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"ADepartment of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Louisiana State University School of Veterinary Medicine, Skip Bertman Drive, Baton Rouge, LA, USA."},{"name":"BMississippi Aquarium, 2100 E Beach Boulevard, Gulfport, MS, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark A.","family":"Mitchell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ADepartment of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Louisiana State University School of Veterinary Medicine, Skip Bertman Drive, Baton Rouge, LA, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"67","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025102820244347300_R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13003","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1508681112","article-title":"Current extinction rates of reptiles and amphibians.","volume":"112","author":"Alroy","year":"2015","journal-title":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences"},{"key":"2025102820244347300_R2","first-page":"10","article-title":"Effect of mammalian gonadotropins (FSH, LH and PMSG) on the testis of the spiny-tailed lizard Uromastix hardwickii.","volume":"2","author":"Arslan","year":"1975","journal-title":"Islamabad Journal of Science"},{"key":"2025102820244347300_R3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-6480(77)90138-1","article-title":"Effect of mammalian gonadotropins (HCG and PMSG) on testicular androgen production in the spiny-tailed lizard, Uromastix hardwicki.","volume":"33","author":"Arslan","year":"1977","journal-title":"General and Comparative Endocrinology"},{"key":"2025102820244347300_R4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1002\/zoo.21367","article-title":"Crocodilian perivitelline membrane-bound sperm detection.","volume":"36","author":"Augustine","year":"2017","journal-title":"Zoo Biology"},{"key":"2025102820244347300_R5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1038\/nature09678","article-title":"Has the earth\u2019s sixth mass extinction already arrived?","volume":"471","author":"Barnosky","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2025102820244347300_R6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"588","DOI":"10.3390\/genes11050588","article-title":"Climate change and green sea turtle sex ratio \u2013 preventing possible extinction.","volume":"11","author":"Blechschmidt","year":"2020","journal-title":"Genes"},{"key":"2025102820244347300_R7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"372","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biocon.2012.07.015","article-title":"The conservation status of the world\u2019s reptiles.","volume":"15","author":"B\u00f6hm","year":"2013","journal-title":"Biological Conservation"},{"key":"2025102820244347300_R8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1111\/geb.12419","article-title":"Correlates of extinction risk in squamate reptiles: the relative importance of biology, geography, threat and range size.","volume":"25","author":"B\u00f6hm","year":"2016","journal-title":"Global Ecology and Biogeography"},{"key":"2025102820244347300_R9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1093\/conphys\/coaa044","article-title":"A model protocol for the cryopreservation and recovery of motile lizard sperm using the phosphodiesterase inhibitor caffeine.","volume":"8","author":"Campbell","year":"2020","journal-title":"Conservation Physiology"},{"key":"2025102820244347300_R10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"555","DOI":"10.1071\/RD20231","article-title":"Efficacy of short-term cold storage prior to cryopreservation of spermatozoa in a threatened lizard.","volume":"33","author":"Campbell","year":"2021","journal-title":"Reproduction, Fertility and Development"},{"key":"2025102820244347300_R12","unstructured":"Cardeilhac PT, Larsen RE, Godwin F, Godwin M, Peters DK (1988) Reproductive biology and artificial insemination of the American alligator. 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