{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T22:28:37Z","timestamp":1790116117465,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"CSIRO Publishing","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,27]],"date-time":"2025-05-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748304000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":771,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1071\/journalslicense"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004484","name":"Tehran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["41759"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["41759"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004484","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,27]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Context<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Testicular torsion\u2013detorsion results in loss of germ cells and infertility. Pentoxifylline has been shown to prevent tissue damage.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To determine the effect of pentoxifylline on germ cell survival in torsion\u2013detorsion induced apoptosis<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Twenty male mice were divided into four groups of five animals each: Control, T1 (Torsion\u2013detorsion\u00a0+\u00a0single dose 100\u00a0mg\/kg Pentoxifylline\/IP), T2 (Torsion\u2013detorsion\u00a0+\u00a0daily 20\u00a0mg\/kg pentoxifylline\/IP for 2\u00a0weeks, and T\/D (Torsion\u2013detorsion only). 35th\u00a0day after torsion\u2013detorsion, the left testes of all the animals were harvested for histological and biochemical analysis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Key results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Histomorpholoical analysis showed significant increase (P\u00a0&amp;lt;\u00a00.05) in seminiferous tubule diameter, Johnsen\u2019s score and germ cells of Control and T1 compared to T2 and T\/D, with no significant difference (P\u00a0&amp;gt;\u00a00.05) in testis weight, sertoli, leydig and myoid cells. Tunnel assay showed significant increase (P\u00a0&amp;lt;\u00a00.05) in apoptotic cells of T\/D and T2 animals compared to Control and T1. RT-PCR analysis showed significant high (P\u00a0&amp;lt;\u00a00.01) mRNA expression of Bax gene in T\/D compared to T1 and T2 and significant increase (P\u00a0&amp;lt;\u00a00.05) of Bcl2 in Control, T1, T2 compared to T\/D. Nrf2-ARE transcripts revealed significant increase (P\u00a0&amp;lt;\u00a00.05) in Control and T1 compared to T2 and T\/D. Western blot showed significantly increased (P\u00a0&amp;lt;\u00a00.05) caspase-3 in T\/D compared to Control, T1 and T2.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Pentoxifylline promotes spermatogenesis and suppressed apoptosis induced by testicular torsion\u2013detorsion.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Implication<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Pentoxifylline could serve as adjunct therapy to surgery in the treatment of torsion\u2013detorsion induced germ cell apoptosis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1071\/rd22168","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,17]],"date-time":"2023-04-17T00:21:56Z","timestamp":1681690916000},"page":"423-432","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Pentoxifylline promotes spermatogenesis via 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