{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,28]],"date-time":"2026-03-28T22:18:47Z","timestamp":1774736327526,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"CSIRO Publishing","issue":"17","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,27]],"date-time":"2025-05-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748304000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":186,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1071\/journalslicense"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006041","name":"Innovate UK","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["KTP 11542, TSB 25261"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KTP 11542, TSB 25261"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006041","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006149","name":"Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Seed Fund 477"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Seed Fund 477"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006149","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000268","name":"Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["BB\/R007985\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BB\/R007985\/1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000268","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,25]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Context<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The number of developmentally competent cumulus\u2013oocyte complexes (COCs) retrieved during Ovum Pick-Up (OPU) determines success in both bovine and human assisted reproduction. Follicular flushing for COC retrieval is practicsed widely in humans but not in cattle.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To determine the benefits of follicular flushing in cattle and assess the merits of a novel 16G double-lumen needle (\u2018OxIVF\u2019) that flushes laterally to the needle shaft.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Experiment 1 flushed 655 antral follicles (\u22657\u00a0mm) from 255 abattoir-derived cattle ovaries. In Experiment 2, 12 Holstein heifers underwent two cycles of OPU in a cross-over design comparing both needle types. In Experiment 3, 11 Holstein heifers underwent two cycles of OPU using the OxIVF needle in a cross-over design: flushing (\u22657\u00a0mm follicles) vs a \u2018Hybrid\u2019 approach of flushing (\u22657\u00a0mm follicles) and aspiration (5\u20137\u00a0mm follicles); followed by two cycles of standard follicle aspiration (&amp;gt;5\u00a0mm follicles).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Key results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In Experiment 1, COC recovery was greater (P\u00a0=\u00a00.034) for the OxIVF vs Standard needle (mean\u00a0\u00b1\u00a0s.e.; 74.1\u00a0\u00b1\u00a02.10% vs 67.0\u00a0\u00b1\u00a02.23%); yield of Grade 1 COCs was also greater (20.1\u00a0\u00b1\u00a01.97% vs 8.2\u00a0\u00b1\u00a01.38%; P\u00a0&amp;lt;\u00a00.001). In Experiment 2, recovery of COCs was greater (P\u00a0=\u00a00.045) for the OxIVF vs Standard needle (89.1\u00a0\u00b1\u00a02.98% vs 79.6\u00a0\u00b1\u00a03.47%). Day 6 embryo yield was also greater (P\u00a0=\u00a00.017) for the OxIVF vs Standard needle (87.2\u00a0\u00b1\u00a04.38% vs 67.6\u00a0\u00b1\u00a06.73%). In Experiment 3, recovery of COCs was greater (P\u00a0=\u00a00.033) for \u2018Flush\u2019 vs \u2018Aspirate\u2019 groups (82.1\u00a0\u00b1\u00a05.06% vs 66.2\u00a0\u00b1\u00a03.48%). However, number of Day 8 blastocysts for the \u2018Hybrid\u2019 vs \u2018Flush\u2019 approach (9.2\u00a0\u00b1\u00a01.39\u00a0vs 6.5\u00a0\u00b1\u00a01.05 per cycle) did not reach statistical significance.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Follicular flushing using the OxIVF needle, embracing the \u2018Hybrid\u2019 approach, has the potential to increase oocyte retrieval and blastocyst number per donor cycle in cattle but requires further validation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Implications<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Larger scale studies will seek to confirm benefits of follicular flushing using the OxIVF needle in cattle. Future studies should consider applications in both equine and human assisted reproduction.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1071\/rd24125","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,21]],"date-time":"2024-11-21T19:32:58Z","timestamp":1732217578000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Ovarian follicular flushing as a means of increasing oocyte yield and in vitro embryo production in cattle"],"prefix":"10.1071","volume":"36","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2422-6480","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"R. J.","family":"Simmons","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"AParagon Veterinary Group, Dalston, Cumbria CA7 7JF, UK."},{"name":"BSchool of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington, Leicestershire LE12 5RD, UK."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"D. A. 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