{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,18]],"date-time":"2025-11-18T23:27:21Z","timestamp":1763508441569,"version":"3.45.0"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"CSIRO Publishing","issue":"17","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,18]],"date-time":"2025-11-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1763424000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":4,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1071\/journalslicense"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,24]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>It is well known that hyperandrogenism (HA) in females is associated with oligo-ovulation or anovulation, leading to subfertility. The abnormality in ovulation is due to ovarian dysfunction. However, it remains unclear whether ovarian dysfunction is the sole cause of subfertility. The crosstalk between sperm and the hyperandrogenized female reproductive tract has yet to be explored in the context of subfertility or infertility. Therefore, in the present paper, we hypothesized that firm sperm binding to the hyperandrogenized female reproductive tract might be one of the reasons for subfertility. The sperm binding to the hyperandrogenized female tract could delay the capacitation, thereby preventing timely sperm release from the tract, even in the presence of a viable ovum. This way the sperm binding to female tract may augment to infertility in the females with high androgen concentrations.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1071\/rd25097","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,14]],"date-time":"2025-11-14T00:43:57Z","timestamp":1763081037000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Sperm interaction in the hyperandrogenized female reproductive tract might contribute to female infertility: a hypothesis"],"prefix":"10.1071","volume":"37","author":[{"given":"Annie","family":"Lalrawngbawli","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"ADepartment of Zoology, Mizoram University, Aizawl, Mizoram, India."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nitu","family":"Kaur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BDepartment of Education, Mizoram University, Aizawl, Mizoram, India."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Guruswami","family":"Gurusubramanian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ADepartment of Zoology, Mizoram University, Aizawl, Mizoram, India."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rajesh Kumar","family":"Kharwar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CDepartment of Zoology, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, UP, India."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8973-5529","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Vikas Kumar","family":"Roy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ADepartment of Zoology, Mizoram University, Aizawl, Mizoram, India."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"67","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,14]]},"reference":[{"issue":"9","key":"2025111818222223200_R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"776","DOI":"10.1002\/ajp.20679","article-title":"Fetal, infant, adolescent and adult phenotypes of polycystic ovary syndrome in prenatally androgenized female rhesus monkeys.","volume":"71","author":"Abbott","year":"2009","journal-title":"American Journal of Primatology"},{"issue":"2","key":"2025111818222223200_R2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1530\/jrf.0.1060207","article-title":"High androgen production by ovarian thecal interstitial cells: a mechanism for delayed ovulation in a tropical vespertilionid bat, Scotophilus heathi.","volume":"106","author":"Abhilasha","year":"1996","journal-title":"Reproduction"},{"issue":"6","key":"2025111818222223200_R3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3287","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.96.6.3287","article-title":"Insulin-like growth factor 1 is required for G2 progression in the estradiol-induced mitotic cycle.","volume":"96","author":"Adesanya","year":"1999","journal-title":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences"},{"issue":"2","key":"2025111818222223200_R4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod66.2.297","article-title":"Elevated endometrial androgen receptor expression in women with polycystic ovarian syndrome.","volume":"66","author":"Apparao","year":"2002","journal-title":"Biology of Reproduction"},{"issue":"4","key":"2025111818222223200_R5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1071\/BI9510581","article-title":"Observations on the penetration of the sperm into the mammalian egg.","volume":"4","author":"Austin","year":"1951","journal-title":"Australian Journal of Biological Sciences"},{"key":"2025111818222223200_R6"},{"issue":"9","key":"2025111818222223200_R7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1985","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/12.9.1985","article-title":"Greater numbers of human spermatozoa associate with endosalpingeal cells derived from the isthmus compared with those from the ampulla.","volume":"12","author":"Baillie","year":"1997","journal-title":"Human Reproduction"},{"issue":"3","key":"2025111818222223200_R8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"R125","DOI":"10.1530\/REP-19-0189","article-title":"Roles of steroid hormones in oviductal function.","volume":"159","author":"Barton","year":"2020","journal-title":"Reproduction"},{"issue":"2","key":"2025111818222223200_R9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1530\/rep.0.1240167","article-title":"Anti-proliferative effects of progesterone antagonists in the primate endometrium: a potential role for the androgen receptor.","volume":"124","author":"Brenner","year":"2002","journal-title":"Reproduction"},{"key":"2025111818222223200_R10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1530\/endoabs.110.P1063","article-title":"Follicular fluid from women with polycystic ovary syndrome affects negatively the progressive motility of capacitating human spermatozoa.","volume":"110","author":"Cardoso-Moreira","year":"2025","journal-title":"Endocrine Abstracts"},{"issue":"4277","key":"2025111818222223200_R11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"697","DOI":"10.1038\/168697b0","article-title":"Fertilizing capacity of spermatozoa deposited into the fallopian tubes.","volume":"168","author":"Chang","year":"1951","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"6","key":"2025111818222223200_R12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.1530\/REP-12-0279","article-title":"Roles of the oviduct in mammalian fertilization.","volume":"144","author":"Coy","year":"2012","journal-title":"Reproduction"},{"issue":"3","key":"2025111818222223200_R13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1093\/humupd\/dmi010","article-title":"Biological basis for human capacitation.","volume":"11","author":"De Jonge","year":"2005","journal-title":"Human Reproduction Update"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025111818222223200_R14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1477-7827-8-87","article-title":"Effect of estrogens on boar sperm capacitation in vitro.","volume":"8","author":"Ded","year":"2010","journal-title":"Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025111818222223200_R15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1002\/mrd.23291","article-title":"How do elevated levels of testosterone affect the function of the human fallopian tube and fertility? \u2013 New insights.","volume":"87","author":"Dulohery","year":"2020","journal-title":"Molecular Reproduction and Development"},{"issue":"7","key":"2025111818222223200_R16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1007","DOI":"10.1002\/cbin.12164","article-title":"Expression and localization of apelin and apelin receptor protein in the oviduct of letrozole-induced hyperandrogenized mice.","volume":"48","author":"Dutta","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cell Biology International"},{"issue":"4","key":"2025111818222223200_R17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"590","DOI":"10.1016\/S0306-9877(03)00054-9","article-title":"Why are sperm cells phagocytosed by leukocytes in the female genital tract?","volume":"60","author":"Eisenbach","year":"2003","journal-title":"Medical Hypotheses"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025111818222223200_R18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1477-7827-6-48","article-title":"The acute effects of bilateral ovariectomy or adrenalectomy on progesterone, testosterone and estradiol serum levels depend on the surgical approach and the day of the estrous cycle when they are performed.","volume":"6","author":"Flores","year":"2008","journal-title":"Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology"},{"key":"2025111818222223200_R19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"853","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199509283331307","article-title":"Polycystic ovary syndrome.","volume":"333","author":"Franks","year":"1995","journal-title":"New England Journal of Medicine"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025111818222223200_R20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2003.11.046","article-title":"Timing of sperm capacitation appears to be programmed according to egg availability in the female genital tract.","volume":"82","author":"Giojalas","year":"2004","journal-title":"Fertility and sterility"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025111818222223200_R21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1530\/jrf.0.1020087","article-title":"Cholesterol, phospholipid and phospholipase activity of ampullary and isthmic fluid from the bovine oviduct.","volume":"102","author":"Grippo","year":"1994","journal-title":"Reproduction"},{"issue":"7","key":"2025111818222223200_R22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"464","DOI":"10.1002\/mrd.21347","article-title":"Does apoptosis hold the key to long-term sperm storage mechanisms in vivo?","volume":"78","author":"Holt","year":"2011","journal-title":"Molecular Reproduction and Development"},{"issue":"6","key":"2025111818222223200_R23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"713","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2009.07.002","article-title":"Sperm storage in the vertebrate female reproductive tract: how does it work so well?","volume":"73","author":"Holt","year":"2010","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"key":"2025111818222223200_R24"},{"issue":"3","key":"2025111818222223200_R25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2019.08.027","article-title":"Androgens negatively affect ciliary function and alter gene expression in the human fallopian tube.","volume":"112","author":"Jackson-Bey","year":"2019","journal-title":"Fertility and Sterility"},{"issue":"9","key":"2025111818222223200_R26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2086","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/deaa157","article-title":"Exposure of human fallopian tube epithelium to elevated testosterone results in alteration of cilia gene expression and beating.","volume":"35","author":"Jackson-Bey","year":"2020","journal-title":"Human Reproduction"},{"issue":"4","key":"2025111818222223200_R27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1002\/aja.1001650406","article-title":"Studies on prolonged spermatozoa survival in Chiroptera: a morphological examination of storage and clearance of intrauterine and cauda epididymal spermatozoa in the bats Myotis lucifugus and M. velifer.","volume":"165","author":"Krutzsch","year":"1982","journal-title":"American Journal of Anatomy"},{"issue":"8","key":"2025111818222223200_R28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1637","DOI":"10.1007\/s43032-020-00194-7","article-title":"Hyperandrogenic milieu dysregulates the expression of insulin signaling factors and glucose transporters in the endometrium of patients with polycystic ovary syndrome.","volume":"27","author":"Lee","year":"2020","journal-title":"Reproductive Sciences"},{"issue":"3","key":"2025111818222223200_R29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod54.3.575","article-title":"Effect of capacitation on bull sperm binding to homologous oviductal epithelium.","volume":"54","author":"Lefebvre","year":"1996","journal-title":"Biology of Reproduction"},{"issue":"3","key":"2025111818222223200_R30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03350604","article-title":"Estrogen and progesterone receptors in human uterus and oviduct.","volume":"6","author":"Lukola","year":"1983","journal-title":"Journal of Endocrinological Investigation"},{"issue":"8","key":"2025111818222223200_R31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"694","DOI":"10.1080\/09513590.2021.1897096","article-title":"Association between hyperandrogenism and adverse pregnancy outcomes in patients with different polycystic ovary syndrome phenotypes undergoing in vitro fertilization\/intracytoplasmic sperm injection: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","volume":"37","author":"Ma","year":"2021","journal-title":"Gynecological Endocrinology"},{"issue":"10","key":"2025111818222223200_R32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0048643","article-title":"Adipocyte dysfunction in a mouse model of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS): evidence of adipocyte hypertrophy and tissue-specific inflammation.","volume":"7","author":"Marino","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025111818222223200_R33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/S0301-2115(96)02567-5","article-title":"Androgen receptor content in human endometrium.","volume":"70","author":"Mertens","year":"1996","journal-title":"The European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology"},{"issue":"10","key":"2025111818222223200_R34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2509","DOI":"10.17576\/jsm-2018-4710-28","article-title":"Testosterone down-regulates expression of \u03b1V\u03b23-integrin, E-cadherin and mucin-1 during uterine receptivity period in rats.","volume":"47","author":"Mokhtar","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sains Malaysiana"},{"issue":"7","key":"2025111818222223200_R35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1504","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.humrep.a019426","article-title":"Fertilization and early embryology: sperm interaction with human oviductal cells in vitro.","volume":"11","author":"Morales","year":"1996","journal-title":"Human Reproduction"},{"issue":"3","key":"2025111818222223200_R36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1677\/jme.0.0300301","article-title":"Expression of estrogen, progesterone and androgen receptors in the oviduct of developing, cycling and pre-implantation rats.","volume":"30","author":"Okada","year":"2003","journal-title":"Journal of Molecular Endocrinology"},{"issue":"8","key":"2025111818222223200_R37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3199","DOI":"10.2527\/jas.2014-7637","article-title":"Reproduction symposium: developmental programming of reproductive and metabolic health.","volume":"92","author":"Padmanabhan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of Animal Science"},{"key":"2025111818222223200_R38"},{"key":"2025111818222223200_R39"},{"issue":"2","key":"2025111818222223200_R40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1530\/jrf.0.0800445","article-title":"Sperm\u2014epithelium relationships in relation to the time of insemination in little brown bats (Myotis lucifugus).","volume":"80","author":"Racey","year":"1987","journal-title":"Reproduction"},{"key":"2025111818222223200_R41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S138","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2007.03.018","article-title":"Role of the oviduct in sperm capacitation.","volume":"68","author":"Rodriguez-Martinez","year":"2007","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"key":"2025111818222223200_R42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1007\/s11259-007-0031-6","article-title":"Estradiol-17\u03b2, progesterone and testosterone plasma concentrations during estrus in the bitch.","volume":"31","author":"Rota","year":"2007","journal-title":"Veterinary Research Communications"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025111818222223200_R43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygcen.2009.06.012","article-title":"Evidence of androgen-dependent sperm storage in female reproductive tract of Scotophilus heathi.","volume":"165","author":"Roy","year":"2010","journal-title":"General and Comparative Endocrinology"},{"issue":"7","key":"2025111818222223200_R44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1002\/mrd.21328","article-title":"Sperm storage in the female reproductive tract of Scotophilus heathii: role of androgen.","volume":"78","author":"Roy","year":"2011","journal-title":"Molecular Reproduction & Development"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"2025111818222223200_R45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1016\/0960-0760(94)90115-5","article-title":"Androgen regulation of the insulin-like growth factor-I and the estrogen receptor in rat uterus and liver.","volume":"51","author":"Sahlin","year":"1994","journal-title":"The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology"},{"issue":"6","key":"2025111818222223200_R46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1019","DOI":"10.4103\/2230-8210.103030","article-title":"The elasticity of cervical\u2013vaginal secretions is abnormal in polycystic ovary syndrome: case report of five PCOS women.","volume":"16","author":"Shamim","year":"2012","journal-title":"Indian Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism"},{"issue":"2","key":"2025111818222223200_R47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E604","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00350.2006","article-title":"Estrogen-induced upregulation of AR expression and enhancement of AR nuclear translocation in mouse fallopian tubes in vivo.","volume":"292","author":"Shao","year":"2007","journal-title":"American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism"},{"issue":"4","key":"2025111818222223200_R48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"720","DOI":"10.2527\/jas1974.394720x","article-title":"Measurement of bovine plasma testosterone by radioimmunoassay (RIA) and by a rapid competitive protein binding (CPB) assay.","volume":"39","author":"Shemesh","year":"1974","journal-title":"Journal of Animal Science"},{"issue":"2","key":"2025111818222223200_R49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"567","DOI":"10.1530\/jrf.0.0910567","article-title":"Attachment and release of spermatozoa from the caudal isthmus of the hamster oviduct.","volume":"91","author":"Smith","year":"1991","journal-title":"Reproduction"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025111818222223200_R50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1093\/humupd\/dmi047","article-title":"Sperm transport in the female reproductive tract.","volume":"12","author":"Suarez","year":"2006","journal-title":"Human Reproduction Update"},{"issue":"10","key":"2025111818222223200_R51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3850","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1117963109","article-title":"Protein disulfide isomerase homolog PDILT is required for quality control of sperm membrane protein ADAM3 and male fertility.","volume":"109","author":"Tokuhiro","year":"2012","journal-title":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences"},{"issue":"2","key":"2025111818222223200_R52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"342","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.21300","article-title":"Apoptosis in the uterotubal junction and oviductal isthmus during the estrous cycle of the bitch.","volume":"294","author":"Urhausen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Anatomical Record: Advances in Integrative Anatomy and Evolutionary Biology"},{"key":"2025111818222223200_R53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1093\/jmicro\/dfn032","article-title":"Scanning electron and light microscopy study of the cervical mucus in women with polycystic ovary syndrome.","volume":"1","author":"Vigil","year":"2009","journal-title":"Journal of Electron Microscopy"},{"issue":"2","key":"2025111818222223200_R54","article-title":"Sperm storage, delayed ovulation, and menstruation of the female Rickett\u2019s big-footed bat (Myotis ricketti).","volume":"47","author":"Wang","year":"2008","journal-title":"Zoological Studies"},{"issue":"4","key":"2025111818222223200_R55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"871","DOI":"10.1071\/RD9950871","article-title":"Recent developments and concepts in the cryopreservation of spermatozoa and the assessment of their post-thawing function.","volume":"7","author":"Watson","year":"1995","journal-title":"Reproduction, Fertility and Development"},{"issue":"4","key":"2025111818222223200_R56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1270","DOI":"10.2337\/db13-1514","article-title":"Obesity-induced infertility and hyperandrogenism are corrected by deletion of the insulin receptor in the ovarian theca cell.","volume":"63","author":"Wu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"2025111818222223200_R57"},{"issue":"15","key":"2025111818222223200_R58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms241512026","article-title":"Hyperandrogenism and its possible effects on endometrial receptivity: a review.","volume":"24","author":"Yusuf","year":"2023","journal-title":"International Journal of Molecular Sciences"}],"container-title":["Reproduction, Fertility and Development"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/connectsci.au\/rd\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.1071\/RD25097\/1779174\/rd25097.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/connectsci.au\/rd\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.1071\/RD25097\/1779174\/rd25097.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,18]],"date-time":"2025-11-18T23:22:30Z","timestamp":1763508150000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/connectsci.au\/rd\/article\/37\/17\/RD25097\/263408\/Sperm-interaction-in-the-hyperandrogenized-female"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Marc","family":"Yeste","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"editor","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,14]]},"references-count":58,"journal-issue":{"issue":"17","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,24]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1071\/rd25097","relation":{},"ISSN":["1031-3613","1448-5990"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"1031-3613"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1448-5990"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,14]]},"article-number":"RD25097"}}