{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,21]],"date-time":"2026-07-21T04:48:47Z","timestamp":1784609327145,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"CSIRO Publishing","issue":"15","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,18]],"date-time":"2025-11-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1763424000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":54,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1071\/journalslicense"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,2]]},"abstract":"\n Context<\/jats:title>\n Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine disorder marked by hormonal and clinical imbalances. Genistein (GEN), a soy isoflavone with antioxidant properties, has shown promise in PCOS treatment, although its mechanisms remain unclear.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Aims<\/jats:title>\n This study aimed to investigate the effects of genistein on ovarian dysfunction in a letrozole-induced PCOS mouse model, focusing on steroidogenesis, apoptosis, and PARP-1 signaling.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n PCOS was induced by oral administration of letrozole (37.5\u00a0mg\/kg.day) for 21\u00a0days. Mice were then divided into the following three groups (n\u00a0=\u00a010 each) for another 21-day treatment: control (corn oil), PCOS (continued letrozole), and PCOS\u00a0+\u00a0GEN (letrozole\u00a0+\u00a0genistein, 50\u00a0mg\/kg.day, i.p.).<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Key results<\/jats:title>\n Genistein restored estrous cyclicity in 80% of treated mice versus 0% in the PCOS group (P\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.05). Histologically, it improved follicular morphology, increased granulosa cell thickness and density, and promoted corpora lutea formation. Genistein significantly reduced serum T and P4 concentrations (P\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.05) and modulated expression of steroidogenic proteins (CYP11A1, CYP19A1, STAR). It also decreased cleaved Caspase-3 and cleaved PARP-1 expression (P\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.05), and suppressed abnormal PARylation without affecting total PARP-1 expression levels.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n Genistein alleviates ovarian dysfunction in PCOS mice by restoring estrous cyclicity, enhancing follicular development, and normalizing hormone concentrations, through regulation of steroidogenic proteins, inhibition of apoptosis, and modulation of PARP-1 activity.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Implications<\/jats:title>\n These findings support genistein as a potential therapeutic agent for PCOS, targeting the PARP-1\u2013pADPr axis and apoptosis. Further studies are needed to explore upstream mechanisms and evaluate its long-term effects on reproductive health.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1071\/rd25126","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,25]],"date-time":"2025-09-25T03:30:17Z","timestamp":1758771017000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Genistein mitigates ovarian dysfunction in a PCOS mouse model by regulating steroidogenesis, apoptosis, and PARP-1 signaling"],"prefix":"10.1071","volume":"37","author":[{"given":"Jin","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"ACollege of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China. Email: jinwang0428@163.com; lu2023ch@163.com; 2171997706@qq.com; 2779188113@qq.com; 13595702614@163.com; 522674142@qq.com"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fenglan","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ACollege of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China. Email: jinwang0428@163.com; lu2023ch@163.com; 2171997706@qq.com; 2779188113@qq.com; 13595702614@163.com; 522674142@qq.com"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhuoqian","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ACollege of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China. Email: jinwang0428@163.com; lu2023ch@163.com; 2171997706@qq.com; 2779188113@qq.com; 13595702614@163.com; 522674142@qq.com"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qiuxian","family":"Meng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ACollege of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China. Email: jinwang0428@163.com; lu2023ch@163.com; 2171997706@qq.com; 2779188113@qq.com; 13595702614@163.com; 522674142@qq.com"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tingting","family":"Gou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ACollege of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China. Email: jinwang0428@163.com; lu2023ch@163.com; 2171997706@qq.com; 2779188113@qq.com; 13595702614@163.com; 522674142@qq.com"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenkai","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ACollege of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China. Email: jinwang0428@163.com; lu2023ch@163.com; 2171997706@qq.com; 2779188113@qq.com; 13595702614@163.com; 522674142@qq.com"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaojuan","family":"Wan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BSchool of Basic Medical Sciences, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China. Email: wxj8373@163.com"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muhammad Faheem","family":"Akhta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CLiaocheng Research Institute of Donkey High-Efficiency Breeding and Ecological Feeding, College of Agronomy and Agriculyural Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252000, China. Email: faheem_dear@hotmail.com"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mahmoud M.","family":"Azzam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"DAnimal Production Department, College of Food and Agriculture, King Saud UniversityRiyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia. Email: mazzam@ksu.edu.sa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3053-931X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Guoyun","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ACollege of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China. 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