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The conference showcased major advances made in key areas of reproductive biology, with symposia dedicated to five key themes: (1) exploring comparative reproductive biology across species; (2) the multifaceted impact of climate change on reproduction; (3) innovations in drug development and repurposing for reproductive health; (4) revolutionising fertility and assisted reproductive technologies; and (5) cultivating inclusion in the scientific community. This review summarises these symposia and discusses the relevant emerging research questions and the future research directions. Main advances from each theme include: (1) the utility of non-traditional model organisms and archival samples in research; (2) the importance of further understanding the effects of heat stress on male and female fertility during pregnancy in humans and broader species; (3) collaboration between researchers, industry and policymakers to overcome barriers in contraceptive development; (4) ensuring robust and ethical use of artificial intelligence for clinical and fundamental research; and (5) the significance of maintaining diversity and inclusion in science to promote discoveries and ensure health data is available for diverse population groups.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1071\/rd25169","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,24]],"date-time":"2025-10-24T05:30:17Z","timestamp":1761283817000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Comparative reproductive biology, advances in reproductive health, and cultivating inclusion in the scientific community: 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