{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,31]],"date-time":"2025-10-31T19:09:06Z","timestamp":1761937746675,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"CSIRO Publishing","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,5]],"date-time":"2025-05-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1746403200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":7167,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1071\/journalslicense"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,9,20]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Objectives: To determine by systematic review the prevalence of genital chlamydial infection in Australia between 1997 and 2004. Methods: Electronic literature databases, reference lists, and conference proceedings were searched and health agencies and jurisdictions were contacted for published and unpublished reports. Studies were eligible if they offered a diagnostic nucleic acid amplification test to consecutive individuals presenting during the study period. As a summary measure of the available data, mean prevalence rates, weighted by sample size and irrespective of participant age, were calculated for the population sub-groups. Results: 40 studies of 50 populations and 40587 individuals met the inclusion criteria, but only one of these was population-based. The use of non-systematic methodologies prevented an assessment of time trends and a statistical comparison of population sub-groups. The mean overall prevalence of genital chlamydial infection was 4.6% (95% CI 4.4\u20134.8%), reflecting over-sampling of high-risk groups. The mean community-based rates were 7.5% (95% CI 6.4\u20138.6%) and 8.7% (95% CI 7.9\u20139.7%) for Indigenous men and women, and 1.5% (95% CI 1.1\u20131.9%) and 1.4% (95% CI 0.9\u20132.0%) for non-Indigenous men and women. The overall mean estimates for other groups were 3.3% (95% CI 3.0\u20133.7%) for female attendees of sexual health and related clinics, 5.6% (95% CI 4.9\u20136.4%) for adolescents and young adults, 3.3% (95% CI 2.8\u20133.9%) for sex workers, and 1.6% (95% CI 1.2\u20132.0%) for urethral infection in men who have sex with men. Clinic-based estimates were generally, although not consistently, higher than community-based estimates. There is no serial population-based data for sexually active young men and women, but the available age-specific rates suggest under-ascertainment by the routine surveillance systems. Conclusions: The prevalence of genital chlamydial infection in Indigenous Australians and young adults is unacceptably high and quality epidemiological studies are urgently required to supplement the routinely collected national notification data.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1071\/sh05018","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,11,8]],"date-time":"2005-11-08T16:13:33Z","timestamp":1131466413000},"page":"169-183","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":45,"title":["The prevalence of genital Chlamydia trachomatis in Australia 1997\u20132004: a systematic review"],"prefix":"10.1071","volume":"2","author":[{"given":"Claire M.","family":"Vajdic","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"ANational Centre in HIV Epidemiology and Clinical Research, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia."},{"name":"DCorresponding author. Email: cvajdic@nchecr.unsw.edu.au"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Melanie","family":"Middleton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ANational Centre in HIV Epidemiology and Clinical Research, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Francis J.","family":"Bowden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BAustralian National University and Canberra Sexual Health Centre, Woden, ACT 2606, Australia."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christopher K.","family":"Fairley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CMelbourne Sexual Health Centre, Carlton, VIC 3053, Australia."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"John M.","family":"Kaldor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ANational Centre in HIV Epidemiology and Clinical Research, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"67","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,9,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025102418553575200_R1"},{"key":"2025102418553575200_R2"},{"key":"2025102418553575200_R3"},{"key":"2025102418553575200_R4"},{"key":"2025102418553575200_R5"},{"key":"2025102418553575200_R6"},{"key":"2025102418553575200_R7"},{"key":"2025102418553575200_R8"},{"key":"2025102418553575200_R9","unstructured":"Hocking J     Willis J     Tabrizi S     Hellard M     Jolley D     Garland SM   et al  2004  Chlamydia risk factor and prevalence survey of young women aged 18\u201335 living in Victoria.    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