{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T20:51:26Z","timestamp":1790196686983,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"CSIRO Publishing","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,5]],"date-time":"2025-05-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1746403200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":5373,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1071\/journalslicense"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,8,19]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Although the human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine was introduced primarily as a cervical cancer prevention vaccine, HPV has a causal role in several types of cancer. This article reviews the epidemiological evidence for the role of HPV in human cancer, and describes Australian trends in these cancers. HPV is a necessary cause of cervical cancer. The currently vaccine-preventable subtypes of HPV 16 and 18 are responsible for ~70% of cervical cancer. The introduction of an organised Pap smear program in Australia led to a steep decline in incidence over the past decades. HPV can be detected in ~40% and 70% of vulval and vaginal cancers respectively. Rates of these cancers have been stable over the past 20 years. The prevalence of HPV in penile cancer is ~50% and incidence has not recently changed. For anal cancer, ~85% of cases are HPV positive, and incidence has increased significantly in both men and women over the past 20 years. In the oral cavity, ~35% of oropharyngeal cancers and ~25% of other oral cavity cancers are HPV positive. The incidence of HPV-related oral cavity and oropharyngeal cancers is increasing, whereas incidence at HPV-unrelated sites is decreasing. Overall, 1154 HPV-related cancer cases were potentially preventable by vaccination. If HPV-related cancers at non-cervical sites are prevented by vaccination, then a similar number of cancer cases will be prevented as in the cervix. However, almost one-quarter of the potentially preventable cancer cases are in men, who are not included in the current national immunisation program.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1071\/sh10020","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,8,18]],"date-time":"2010-08-18T23:06:26Z","timestamp":1282172786000},"page":"244-252","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":106,"title":["Cancers attributable to human papillomavirus infection"],"prefix":"10.1071","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Andrew E.","family":"Grulich","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"AHIV Epidemiology and Prevention Program, National Centre in HIV Epidemiology and Clinical Research, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2021, Australia."},{"name":"ECorresponding author. Email: agrulich@nchecr.unsw.edu.au"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fengyi","family":"Jin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"AHIV Epidemiology and Prevention Program, National Centre in HIV Epidemiology and Clinical Research, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2021, Australia."},{"name":"BSexually Transmitted Infections Research Centre, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"E. Lynne","family":"Conway","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CCSL Limited, Parkville, Vic. 3052, Australia."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alicia N.","family":"Stein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CCSL Limited, Parkville, Vic. 3052, Australia."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jane","family":"Hocking","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"DSchool of Population Health, University of Melbourne, Carlton, Vic. 2010, Australia."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"67","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,8,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025102419011075800_R1"},{"key":"2025102419011075800_R2"},{"key":"2025102419011075800_R3"},{"key":"2025102419011075800_R4"},{"key":"2025102419011075800_R5"},{"key":"2025102419011075800_R6"},{"key":"2025102419011075800_R7"},{"key":"2025102419011075800_R8"},{"key":"2025102419011075800_R9"},{"key":"2025102419011075800_R10"},{"key":"2025102419011075800_R11"},{"key":"2025102419011075800_R12"},{"key":"2025102419011075800_R13"},{"key":"2025102419011075800_R14"},{"key":"2025102419011075800_R15"},{"key":"2025102419011075800_R16"},{"key":"2025102419011075800_R17"},{"key":"2025102419011075800_R18"},{"key":"2025102419011075800_R19"},{"key":"2025102419011075800_R20"},{"key":"2025102419011075800_R21"},{"key":"2025102419011075800_R22"},{"key":"2025102419011075800_R23"},{"key":"2025102419011075800_R24"},{"key":"2025102419011075800_R25"},{"key":"2025102419011075800_R26"},{"key":"2025102419011075800_R27"},{"key":"2025102419011075800_R28"},{"key":"2025102419011075800_R29"},{"key":"2025102419011075800_R30"},{"key":"2025102419011075800_R31"},{"key":"2025102419011075800_R32"},{"key":"2025102419011075800_R33"},{"key":"2025102419011075800_R34"},{"key":"2025102419011075800_R35"},{"key":"2025102419011075800_R36"},{"key":"2025102419011075800_R37"},{"key":"2025102419011075800_R38"},{"key":"2025102419011075800_R39"},{"key":"2025102419011075800_R40"},{"key":"2025102419011075800_R41"},{"key":"2025102419011075800_R42"},{"key":"2025102419011075800_R43"},{"key":"2025102419011075800_R44"},{"key":"2025102419011075800_R45"},{"key":"2025102419011075800_R46"},{"key":"2025102419011075800_R47"},{"key":"2025102419011075800_R48"},{"key":"2025102419011075800_R49"},{"key":"2025102419011075800_R50"},{"key":"2025102419011075800_R51"},{"key":"2025102419011075800_R52"},{"key":"2025102419011075800_R53"},{"key":"2025102419011075800_R54"},{"key":"2025102419011075800_R55"},{"key":"2025102419011075800_R56"},{"key":"2025102419011075800_R57"},{"key":"2025102419011075800_R58"},{"key":"2025102419011075800_R59"},{"key":"2025102419011075800_R60"},{"key":"2025102419011075800_R61"},{"key":"2025102419011075800_R62"},{"key":"2025102419011075800_R63"},{"key":"2025102419011075800_R64"},{"key":"2025102419011075800_R65"}],"container-title":["Sexual Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/connectsci.au\/sh\/article-pdf\/7\/3\/244\/144236\/sh10020.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/connectsci.au\/sh\/article-pdf\/7\/3\/244\/144236\/sh10020.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,24]],"date-time":"2025-10-24T23:01:16Z","timestamp":1761346876000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/connectsci.au\/sh\/article\/7\/3\/244\/20974\/Cancers-attributable-to-human-papillomavirus"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2010,8,19]]},"references-count":65,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,8,19]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1071\/sh10020","relation":{},"ISSN":["1448-5028","1449-8987"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1448-5028","type":"print"},{"value":"1449-8987","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2010,8,19]]}}}