{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,26]],"date-time":"2025-10-26T22:50:22Z","timestamp":1761519022408,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"CSIRO Publishing","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,29]],"date-time":"2025-08-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756425600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":5002,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1071\/journalslicense"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,6,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Chlamydia is the most commonly notified infection in Australia. Prevention strategies should be informed by routine data on at-risk populations. Methods: We calculated chlamydia positivity and correlates of infection using multivariable logistic regression for data collected between April 2006 and June 2009. Results: Chlamydia positivity was 5.6% in 12 233 females, 7.7% in 10 316 heterosexual males and 6.2% in 7872 men who have sex with men (MSM). Correlates of chlamydia positivity among females included younger age (odds ratio (OR) 2.27, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.92\u20132.69), being born overseas (OR 1.50, 95% CI 1.25\u20131.82), multiple sex partners in the past year (OR 1.72, 95% CI 1.40\u20132.11) and inconsistent condom use with regular sex partners (OR 3.44 ,95% CI 1.65\u20137.20). Sex work was protective for females (OR 0.68, 95% CI 0.53\u20130.86). Among heterosexual males, correlates of positivity were younger age (OR 1.87, 95% CI 1.62\u20132.17), being born overseas (OR 1.35, 95% CI 1.16\u20131.58), symptoms at the time of testing (OR 1.64, 95% CI 1.40\u20131.92) and multiple sex partners in the past year (OR 1.83, 95% CI 1.46\u20132.30). Correlates of positivity among MSM were being born overseas (OR 1.23, 95% CI 1.00\u20131.51), being HIV-positive (OR 1.80, 95%CI 1.32\u20132.47), and reporting six or more anal sex partners in the past 6 months (OR 4.45, 95% CI 1.37\u201314.5). Conclusions: Our analysis identified subgroups at the highest risk of chlamydia in Victoria. These estimates will provide important baseline information to measure the impact of chlamydia control strategies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1071\/sh11019","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,12,19]],"date-time":"2011-12-19T01:32:41Z","timestamp":1324258361000},"page":"247-253","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Correlates of Chlamydia trachomatis infection in a primary care sentinel surveillance network"],"prefix":"10.1071","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Megan S. C.","family":"Lim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"ACentre for Population Health, Burnet Institute, Melbourne, Vic. 3004, Australia."},{"name":"BDepartment of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Vic. 3004, Australia."},{"name":"JCorresponding author. Email: lim@burnet.edu.au"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jane L.","family":"Goller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ACentre for Population Health, Burnet Institute, Melbourne, Vic. 3004, Australia."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rebecca","family":"Guy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ACentre for Population Health, Burnet Institute, Melbourne, Vic. 3004, Australia."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Judy","family":"Gold","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ACentre for Population Health, Burnet Institute, Melbourne, Vic. 3004, Australia."},{"name":"BDepartment of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Vic. 3004, Australia."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mark","family":"Stoove","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ACentre for Population Health, Burnet Institute, Melbourne, Vic. 3004, Australia."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jane S.","family":"Hocking","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CSchool of Population Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic. 3010, Australia."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christopher K.","family":"Fairley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CSchool of Population Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic. 3010, Australia."},{"name":"DMelbourne Sexual Health Centre, Carlton, Melbourne, Vic. 3053, Australia."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dot","family":"Henning","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ECentre for Adolescent Health, Royal Children\u2019s Hospital, Melbourne, Vic. 3052, Australia."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kathy","family":"McNamee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"FDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Clayton, Melbourne, Vic. 3168, Australia."},{"name":"GFamily Planning Victoria, Box Hill, Vic. 3128, Australia."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Louise","family":"Owen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"HThe Centre Clinic\/Gay Men\u2019s Health Centre, St Kilda, Melbourne, Vic. 3182, Australia."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Penny","family":"Sheehan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IThe Women\u2019s Hospital, Carlton, Melbourne, Vic. 3052, Australia."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Margaret E.","family":"Hellard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ACentre for Population Health, Burnet Institute, Melbourne, Vic. 3004, Australia."},{"name":"BDepartment of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Vic. 3004, Australia."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"67","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,12,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025102617004835800_R1","unstructured":"Department of Health and Ageing (DoHaA). National notifiable diseases surveillance system. Canberra: DoHaA; 2008. Available online at: http:\/\/www9.health.gov.au\/cda\/Source\/CDA-index.cfm [verified July 2010]."},{"key":"2025102617004835800_R2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1071\/SH06033","article-title":"A chlamydia prevalence survey of young women living in Melbourne, Victoria.","volume":"3","author":"Hocking","year":"2006","journal-title":"Sex Health"},{"key":"2025102617004835800_R3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1071\/SH05018","article-title":"The prevalence of genital Chlamydia trachomatis in Australia 1997\u20132004: a systematic review.","volume":"2","author":"Vajdic","year":"2005","journal-title":"Sex Health"},{"key":"2025102617004835800_R4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"432","DOI":"10.1136\/sti.2008.035535","article-title":"Mycoplasma genitalium in men who have sex with men at male-only saunas.","volume":"85","author":"Bradshaw","year":"2009","journal-title":"Sex Transm Infect"},{"key":"2025102617004835800_R5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1071\/SH09071","article-title":"Sex and sport: sexual risk behaviour in young people in rural and regional Victoria.","volume":"7","author":"Kong","year":"2010","journal-title":"Sex Health"},{"key":"2025102617004835800_R6"},{"key":"2025102617004835800_R7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1071\/SH10082","article-title":"Impact evaluation of a youth sexually transmissible infection awareness campaign using routinely collected data sources.","volume":"8","author":"Gold","year":"2011","journal-title":"Sex Health"},{"key":"2025102617004835800_R8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.4172\/1488-5069.1000047","article-title":"Risk factors for genital chlamydia infection.","volume":"3","author":"Navarro","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Sex Reprod Med"},{"key":"2025102617004835800_R9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1136\/sti.79.1.31","article-title":"Adolescence and other risk factors for Chlamydia trachomatis genitourinary infection in women in Melbourne, Australia.","volume":"79","author":"Williams","year":"2003","journal-title":"Sex Transm Infect"},{"key":"2025102617004835800_R10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.1097\/01.olq.0000187209.02413.0c","article-title":"Associations between condom use and rectal or urethral chlamydia infection in men.","volume":"33","author":"Hocking","year":"2006","journal-title":"Sex Transm Dis"},{"key":"2025102617004835800_R11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1258\/0956462053654249","article-title":"Using chlamydia positivity to estimate prevalence: evidence from the Chlamydia Screening Pilot in England.","volume":"16","author":"LaMontagne","year":"2005","journal-title":"Int J STD AIDS"},{"key":"2025102617004835800_R12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1071\/SH09116","article-title":"Establishing a linked sentinel surveillance system for blood-borne viruses and sexually transmissible infections, methods, system attributes and early findings.","volume":"7","author":"Goller","year":"2010","journal-title":"Sex Health"},{"key":"2025102617004835800_R13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"984","DOI":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2006.05.025","article-title":"A comparison of the population diagnosed with chlamydia in primary care with that diagnosed in sexual health clinics: implications for a national screening programme.","volume":"120","author":"Cassell","year":"2006","journal-title":"Public Health"},{"key":"2025102617004835800_R14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"763","DOI":"10.1097\/OLQ.0b013e3181b12765","article-title":"Trends in chlamydia positivity over time among women in Melbourne Australia, 2003 to 2007.","volume":"36","author":"O\u2019Rourke","year":"2009","journal-title":"Sex Transm Dis"},{"key":"2025102617004835800_R15"},{"key":"2025102617004835800_R16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"410","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1479-828X.2005.00457.x","article-title":"Chlamydia trachomatis infection in Sydney women.","volume":"45","author":"Chen","year":"2005","journal-title":"Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol"},{"key":"2025102617004835800_R17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1136\/sti.2009.038737","article-title":"The behaviour and sexual health of young international travellers (backpackers) in Australia.","volume":"86","author":"McNulty","year":"2010","journal-title":"Sex Transm Infect"},{"key":"2025102617004835800_R18","unstructured":"Sexual Health Society Of Victoria (SHSV). National management guidelines for sexually transmissible infections. Melbourne: SHSV; 2008. Available online at: http:\/\/www.racp.edu.au [accessed 12 November 2010]."},{"key":"2025102617004835800_R19"},{"key":"2025102617004835800_R20"},{"key":"2025102617004835800_R21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1136\/sti.2009.040972","article-title":"Does the frequency of HIV and STI testing among MSM in primary care adhere with Australian guidelines?","volume":"86","author":"Guy","year":"2010","journal-title":"Sex Transm Infect"},{"key":"2025102617004835800_R22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1097\/QAI.0b013e318165dc0b","article-title":"High prevalence of gonococcal and chlamydial infection in men who have sex with men with newly diagnosed HIV infection: an opportunity for same-day presumptive treatment.","volume":"48","author":"Scott","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr"},{"key":"2025102617004835800_R23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1136\/sti.2007.025684","article-title":"High rates of sexually transmitted infections in HIV positive homosexual men: data from two community based cohorts.","volume":"83","author":"Jin","year":"2007","journal-title":"Sex Transm Infect"},{"key":"2025102617004835800_R24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"434","DOI":"10.1136\/sti.2004.014431","article-title":"The incidence of sexually transmitted infections among frequently screened sex workers in a decriminalised and regulated system in Melbourne.","volume":"81","author":"Lee","year":"2005","journal-title":"Sex Transm Infect"}],"container-title":["Sexual Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/connectsci.au\/sh\/article-pdf\/9\/3\/247\/1253816\/sh11019.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/connectsci.au\/sh\/article-pdf\/9\/3\/247\/1253816\/sh11019.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,26]],"date-time":"2025-10-26T21:00:52Z","timestamp":1761512452000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/connectsci.au\/sh\/article\/9\/3\/247\/184720\/Correlates-of-Chlamydia-trachomatis-infection-in-a"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011,12,19]]},"references-count":24,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,6,15]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1071\/sh11019","relation":{},"ISSN":["1448-5028","1449-8987"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"1448-5028"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1449-8987"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2011,12,19]]}}}