{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,21]],"date-time":"2026-05-21T09:55:05Z","timestamp":1779357305776,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"CSIRO Publishing","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,29]],"date-time":"2025-08-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756425600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":4701,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1071\/journalslicense"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,10,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Many people from Burma have migrated to Dehong prefecture and married local residents during the past decades; however, little is known about HIV risk-taking behaviours and HIV prevalence among these mixed couples. We investigated factors correlated with HIV discordance and concordance within Chinese\u2013Burmese mixed couples in Dehong prefecture, Yunnan province, China. Methods: A cross-sectional study with face-to-face questionnaire interviews and HIV blood testing was conducted. Results: Of 5742 couples, 1.6% couples were HIV-infected concordant, 2.2% were HIV serodiscordant with an HIV-infected male spouse and 0.9% were HIV serodiscordant with an HIV-infected female spouse. HIV discordance with an HIV-infected male spouse was significantly associated with characteristics of the male spouse, including being aged \u226530 years, non-Han ethnic minority, a marital relationship of &amp;lt;3 years, commercial sex and injection drug use by the male spouse. HIV discordance with an HIV-infected female spouse was significantly associated with an education level of primary school (v. illiterate); a marital status of being in their second marriage, widowed or divorced; a history of sexually transmissible infection diagnosis of the female spouse; noncommercial extramarital sex by the female spouse or by both spouses; and injection drug use by the male spouse. A marital relationship of \u22653 years was the only significant independent correlate of HIV-infected seroconcordance. Conclusions: The study findings underscore the importance of premarital HIV counselling and testing for this population, and the need for targeted interventions among HIV serodiscordant mixed couples to reduce secondary transmission as early as possible when the relationship begins.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1071\/sh12065","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,10,15]],"date-time":"2012-10-15T02:20:02Z","timestamp":1350267602000},"page":"481-487","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Prevalence and correlates of HIV discordance and concordance among Chinese\u2013Burmese mixed couples in the Dehong prefecture of Yunnan province, China"],"prefix":"10.1071","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Song","family":"Duan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"ADehong Prefecture Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Mangshi 678400, Yunnan Province, China."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yingying","family":"Ding","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BDepartment of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Fudan University and The Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Ministry of Education, Shanghai 200032, China."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yuecheng","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ADehong Prefecture Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Mangshi 678400, Yunnan Province, China."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lin","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CYunnan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Kunming 650034, China."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jiangping","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"DNational Center for AIDS\/STD Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Diseases Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ning","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"DNational Center for AIDS\/STD Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Diseases Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lu","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"DNational Center for AIDS\/STD Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Diseases Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lifen","family":"Xiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ADehong Prefecture Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Mangshi 678400, Yunnan Province, China."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Manhong","family":"Jia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CYunnan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Kunming 650034, China."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zunyou","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"DNational Center for AIDS\/STD Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Diseases Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Na","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BDepartment of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Fudan University and The Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Ministry of Education, Shanghai 200032, China."},{"name":"ECorresponding author. Email: nhe@shmu.edu.cn"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"67","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,10,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025102617050525100_R1","first-page":"184","article-title":"HIV was first discovered among injection drug users in China.","volume":"11","author":"Ma","year":"1990","journal-title":"Chin J Epidemiol"},{"key":"2025102617050525100_R2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1675","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.1996.tb02270.x","article-title":"Risk factors for initiation of drug use among young males in southwest China.","volume":"91","author":"Wu","year":"1996","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"key":"2025102617050525100_R3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"609","DOI":"10.1038\/455609a","article-title":"The changing face of HIV in China.","volume":"455","author":"Lu","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"5","key":"2025102617050525100_R4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1017","DOI":"10.1007\/s10461-010-9797-6","article-title":"HIV Infection, sexual behaviors, sexual networks, and drug use among rural residents in Yunnan Province, China.","volume":"15","author":"Fu","year":"2011","journal-title":"AIDS Behav"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"2025102617050525100_R5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S34","DOI":"10.1097\/QAI.0b013e3181c7d6ff","article-title":"The HIV epidemic in Yunnan province, China, 1989\u20132007.","volume":"53","author":"Jia","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr"},{"key":"2025102617050525100_R6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1475","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1120682","article-title":"Public health. HIV testing in China.","volume":"312","author":"Wu","year":"2006","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2025102617050525100_R7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"679","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(07)60315-8","article-title":"Evolution of China\u2019s response to HIV\/AIDS.","volume":"369","author":"Wu","year":"2007","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2025102617050525100_R8","first-page":"997","article-title":"Incidence and risk factors of HIV infection among sero-negative spouses of HIV patients in Dehong prefecture of Yunnan province.","volume":"31","author":"Duan","year":"2010","journal-title":"Chin J Epidemiol"},{"key":"2025102617050525100_R9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1287","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyn196","article-title":"Estimates of HIV prevalence in a highly endemic area of China: Dehong prefecture, Yunnan province.","volume":"37","author":"Jia","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int J Epidemiol"},{"key":"2025102617050525100_R10","unstructured":"Ministry of Health Myanmar. Myanmar 2010 UNGASS Country Progress Report (January 2008\u2013December 2009). Yangon: Ministry of Health Myanmar; 2010. Available online at: http:\/\/www.unaids.org\/en\/dataanalysis\/monitoringcountryprogress\/2010progressreportssubmittedbycountries\/myanmar_2010_country_progress_report_en.pdf [verified April 2012]."},{"key":"2025102617050525100_R11","unstructured":"The Evidence to Action HIV & AIDS Data Hub for Asia Pacific. Myanmar country review. Bangkok: AIDS Data Hub; 2010. Available online at: http:\/\/www.aidsdatahub.org\/en\/country-profiles\/myanmar [verified April 2012]."},{"key":"2025102617050525100_R12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1097\/00126334-200303010-00011","article-title":"Assessing the magnitude of the HIV\/AIDS epidemic in Burma.","volume":"32","author":"Beyrer","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr"},{"key":"2025102617050525100_R13"},{"key":"2025102617050525100_R14","first-page":"172","article-title":"Analysis of HIV\/AIDS prevalence in Yunnan province.","volume":"11","author":"Lu","year":"2005","journal-title":"Chin J AIDS\/STD"},{"key":"2025102617050525100_R15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-10-180","article-title":"Estimation of HIV-1 incidence among five focal populations in Dehong, Yunnan: a hard hit area along a major drug trafficking route.","volume":"10","author":"Duan","year":"2010","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"2025102617050525100_R16","first-page":"1216","article-title":"Incidence and risk factors for HIV infection among injection drug users in Dehong prefecture area of Yunnan province.","volume":"30","author":"Duan","year":"2009","journal-title":"Chin J Epidemiol"},{"key":"2025102617050525100_R17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"921","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200003303421303","article-title":"Viral load and heterosexual transmission of human immunodeficiency virus type 1. Rakai Project Study Group.","volume":"342","author":"Quinn","year":"2000","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"15","key":"2025102617050525100_R18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2371","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-200010200-00019","article-title":"Male circumcision and HIV acquisition and transmission: cohort studies in Rakai, Uganda. Rakai Project Team.","volume":"14","author":"Gray","year":"2000","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"issue":"4","key":"2025102617050525100_R19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0b013e3283437c2b","article-title":"HIV-1 transmission among HIV-1 discordant couples before and after the introduction of antiretroviral therapy.","volume":"25","author":"Reynolds","year":"2011","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"issue":"3","key":"2025102617050525100_R20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-1293.2009.00760.x","article-title":"Risk factors for HIV transmission among heterosexual discordant couples in south India.","volume":"11","author":"Kumarasamy","year":"2010","journal-title":"HIV Med"},{"issue":"18","key":"2025102617050525100_R21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2479","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0b013e328330cc08","article-title":"HIV-1 subtypes and differences in heterosexual HIV transmission among HIV-discordant couples in Rakai, Uganda.","volume":"23","author":"Kiwanuka","year":"2009","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"issue":"2","key":"2025102617050525100_R22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1258\/ijsa.2008.008418","article-title":"Couples at risk for HIV infection in Southern India: characteristics of HIV-infected patients in concordant and discordant heterosexual relationships.","volume":"21","author":"Kumarasamy","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int J STD AIDS"},{"key":"2025102617050525100_R23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"733","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-200303280-00012","article-title":"Sexual behavior of HIV discordant couples after HIV counseling and testing.","volume":"17","author":"Allen","year":"2003","journal-title":"AIDS"}],"container-title":["Sexual Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/connectsci.au\/sh\/article-pdf\/9\/5\/481\/1254311\/sh12065.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/connectsci.au\/sh\/article-pdf\/9\/5\/481\/1254311\/sh12065.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,26]],"date-time":"2025-10-26T21:05:14Z","timestamp":1761512714000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/connectsci.au\/sh\/article\/9\/5\/481\/184813\/Prevalence-and-correlates-of-HIV-discordance-and"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,10,15]]},"references-count":23,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,10,15]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1071\/sh12065","relation":{},"ISSN":["1448-5028","1449-8987"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1448-5028","type":"print"},{"value":"1449-8987","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,10,15]]}}}