{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T16:15:06Z","timestamp":1777652106253,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"CSIRO Publishing","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,29]],"date-time":"2025-08-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756425600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":4496,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1071\/journalslicense"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,6,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Chlamydia (Chlamydia trachomatis) is the most commonly notified sexually transmissible infection in Australia. Increasing the number of people aged 16\u201325 years being tested for chlamydia has become a key objective. The strategy recommends that chlamydia screening sites should be easy to access. Community pharmacies are conveniently located and easily accessible. This review aimed to determine the different types of pharmacy-based chlamydia screening interventions, describe their uptake rates, and understand issues around the acceptability of and barriers to testing. Methods: Seven electronic databases were searched for peer-reviewed articles published up to 30 October 2011 for studies that reported chlamydia screening interventions from community pharmacies, or had qualitative evidence on acceptability or barriers linked with interventions. Results: Of the 163 publications identified, 12 met the inclusion criteria. Nine reported chlamydia screening interventions in a pharmacy setting, whereas three focussed on perspectives on chlamydia screening. Pharmacists could offer a chlamydia test to consumers attending the pharmacy for a sexual health-related consultation, or consumers could request a chlamydia test as part of a population-based intervention. Participating consumers said pharmacies were accessible and convenient, and pharmacists were competent when offering a chlamydia test. Pharmacists reported selectively offering tests to women they thought would be most at risk, undermining the principles of opportunistic interventions. Conclusion: Chlamydia screening from community pharmacies is feasible, and can provide an accessible, convenient venue to get a test. Professional implementation support, alongside resources, education and training programs, and incentives may overcome the issue of pharmacists selectively offering the test.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1071\/sh12069","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,5,8]],"date-time":"2013-05-08T03:06:52Z","timestamp":1367982412000},"page":"229-239","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Chlamydia screening interventions from community pharmacies: a systematic review"],"prefix":"10.1071","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Sajni","family":"Gudka","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"ASchool of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia."},{"name":"CCorresponding author. Email: sajni.gudka@uwa.edu.au"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Folasade E.","family":"Afuwape","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ASchool of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bessie","family":"Wong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ASchool of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xuan Li","family":"Yow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ASchool of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Claire","family":"Anderson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BDivision of Social Research in Medicines and Health, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rhonda M.","family":"Clifford","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ASchool of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"67","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,5,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025102617051079600_R1","unstructured":"European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDPC). Chlamydia control in Europe. Stockholm: ECDP; 2009. Available online at: http:\/\/ecdc.europa.eu\/en\/publications\/Publications\/0906_GUI_Chlamydia_Control_in_Europe.pdf [verified March 2013]."},{"key":"2025102617051079600_R2"},{"issue":"25","key":"2025102617051079600_R3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2424","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMcp030542","article-title":"Genital chlamydial infections.","volume":"349","author":"Peipert","year":"2003","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2025102617051079600_R4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S134","DOI":"10.1086\/652395","article-title":"Risk of sequelae after Chlamydia trachomatis genital infection in women.","volume":"201","author":"Haggerty","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"issue":"2","key":"2025102617051079600_R5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1093\/humupd\/dmp035","article-title":"Epidemiology of Chlamydia trachomatis infection in women and the cost-effectiveness of screening.","volume":"16","author":"Land","year":"2010","journal-title":"Hum Reprod Update"},{"issue":"11","key":"2025102617051079600_R6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"727","DOI":"10.1258\/095646207782212351","article-title":"The incidence of pelvic inflammatory disease in untreated women infected with Chlamydia trachomatis: a structured review.","volume":"18","author":"Risser","year":"2007","journal-title":"Int J STD AIDS"},{"issue":"7147","key":"2025102617051079600_R7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1776","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.316.7147.1776","article-title":"Screening for chlamydial infections and the risk of ectopic pregnancy in a county in Sweden: ecological analysis.","volume":"316","author":"Egger","year":"1998","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"4","key":"2025102617051079600_R8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1097\/00007435-199507000-00009","article-title":"Genital Chlamydia trachomatis infections in Uppsala County, Sweden, 1985\u20131993: declining rates for how much longer?","volume":"22","author":"Herrmann","year":"1995","journal-title":"Sex Transm Dis"},{"issue":"5","key":"2025102617051079600_R9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"384","DOI":"10.1097\/00007435-199609000-00007","article-title":"Decreasing incidences of gonorrhea- and chlamydia-associated acute pelvic inflammatory disease. A 25-year study from an urban area of central Sweden.","volume":"23","author":"Kamwendo","year":"1996","journal-title":"Sex Transm Dis"},{"issue":"5","key":"2025102617051079600_R10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1136\/sti.2004.012856","article-title":"Establishing the National Chlamydia Screening Programme in England: results from the first full year of screening.","volume":"80","author":"LaMontagne","year":"2004","journal-title":"Sex Transm Infect"},{"key":"2025102617051079600_R11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e4316","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.e4316","article-title":"Effectiveness of yearly, register based screening for chlamydia in the Netherlands: controlled trial with randomised stepped wedge implementation.","volume":"345","author":"van den Broek","year":"2012","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"2025102617051079600_R12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.317.7150.26","article-title":"Efficacy of home sampling for screening of Chlamydia trachomatis: randomised study.","volume":"317","author":"Ostergaard","year":"1998","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"21","key":"2025102617051079600_R13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1362","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199605233342103","article-title":"Prevention of pelvic inflammatory disease by screening for cervical chlamydial infection.","volume":"334","author":"Scholes","year":"1996","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2025102617051079600_R14","unstructured":"National Chlamydia Screening Steering Group. Looking back, moving forward: Annual report of the National Chlamydia Screening Programme in England 2004\/05. London: Department of Health; 2005. Available online at:http:\/\/www.chlamydiascreening.nhs.uk\/ps\/resources\/annual-reports\/NCSPa-rprt-04_05.pdf [19 April 2013]."},{"issue":"2","key":"2025102617051079600_R15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.5694\/j.1326-5377.2008.tb01533.x","article-title":"Chlamydia screening \u2013 Australia should strive to achieve what others have not.","volume":"188","author":"Hocking","year":"2008","journal-title":"Med J Aust"},{"key":"2025102617051079600_R16"},{"key":"2025102617051079600_R17"},{"key":"2025102617051079600_R18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.5694\/j.1326-5377.2011.tb02957.x","article-title":"Australian general practitioner chlamydia testing rates among young people.","volume":"194","author":"Kong","year":"2011","journal-title":"Med J Aust"},{"key":"2025102617051079600_R19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-4-21","article-title":"Barriers to asymptomatic screening and other STD services for adolescents and young adults: focus group discussions.","volume":"4","author":"Tilson","year":"2004","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"2025102617051079600_R20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-6-221","article-title":"Implementing chlamydia screening: what do women think? A systematic review of the literature.","volume":"6","author":"Pavlin","year":"2006","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"issue":"1271","key":"2025102617051079600_R21","first-page":"33","article-title":"\u201cIf everyone does it, it\u2019s not a big deal.\u201d Young people talk about chlamydia testing.","volume":"121","author":"Rose","year":"2008","journal-title":"N Z Med J"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025102617051079600_R22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"272","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/dei287","article-title":"Community pharmacy supply of emergency hormonal contraception: a structured literature review of international evidence.","volume":"21","author":"Anderson","year":"2005","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"2025102617051079600_R23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1186\/1743-8462-3-8","article-title":"A comparative evaluation of pharmacy services in single and no pharmacy towns.","volume":"3","author":"Sunderland","year":"2006","journal-title":"Aust New Zealand Health Policy"},{"key":"2025102617051079600_R24"},{"key":"2025102617051079600_R25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"b2700","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.b2700","article-title":"The PRISMA statement for reporting systematic reviews and meta-analyses of studies that evaluate healthcare interventions: explanation and elaboration.","volume":"339","author":"Liberati","year":"2009","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"2025102617051079600_R26","unstructured":"Low N, Bender N, Nartey L, Redmond S, Shang A, Stephenson J. Revised rapid review of effectiveness \u2013 chlamydia screening. London: National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence; 2006. Available online at: http:\/\/www.nice.org.uk\/nicemedia\/pdf\/Chlamydia_Screening_Revised_Review_of_Effectiveness.pdf [verified August 2012]."},{"issue":"1","key":"2025102617051079600_R27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1007\/s11096-010-9460-3","article-title":"A pharmacy-based private chlamydia screening programme: results from the first 2 years of screening and treatment.","volume":"33","author":"Anderson","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int J Clin Pharm"},{"issue":"4","key":"2025102617051079600_R28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1136\/qshc.2006.020883","article-title":"Chlamydia testing in community pharmacies: evaluation of a feasibility pilot in south east London.","volume":"16","author":"Baraitser","year":"2007","journal-title":"Qual Saf Health Care"},{"issue":"5","key":"2025102617051079600_R29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"294","DOI":"10.1097\/00007435-200205000-00008","article-title":"Community-based chlamydia and gonorrhea screening through the United States mail, San Francisco.","volume":"29","author":"Bloomfield","year":"2002","journal-title":"Sex Transm Dis"},{"key":"2025102617051079600_R30"},{"key":"2025102617051079600_R31"},{"key":"2025102617051079600_R32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6874-9-7","article-title":"Delivery of chlamydia screening to young women requesting emergency hormonal contraception at pharmacies in Manchester, UK: a prospective study.","volume":"9","author":"Brabin","year":"2009","journal-title":"BMC Womens Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025102617051079600_R33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1071\/SH10068","article-title":"A trial of the distribution of chlamydia self-collection postal specimen kits from Australian community pharmacies.","volume":"8","author":"Emmerton","year":"2011","journal-title":"Sex Health"},{"key":"2025102617051079600_R34"},{"issue":"12","key":"2025102617051079600_R35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"797","DOI":"10.1258\/0956462042563765","article-title":"Effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of a pharmacy-based screening programme for Chlamydia trachomatis in a high-risk health centre population in Amsterdam using mailed home-collected urine samples.","volume":"15","author":"van Bergen","year":"2004","journal-title":"Int J STD AIDS"},{"issue":"4","key":"2025102617051079600_R36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1002\/j.2055-2335.2007.tb00767.x","article-title":"Acceptance of a chlamydia screening program in community pharmacies.","volume":"37","author":"Taylor","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Pharm Pract Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025102617051079600_R37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1136\/jfprhc.2010.0003","article-title":"Chlamydia screening by community pharmacists: a qualitative study.","volume":"37","author":"Dabrera","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Fam Plann Reprod Health Care"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025102617051079600_R38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.2009.02362.x","article-title":"A qualitative study of pharmacists\u2019 views on offering chlamydia screening to women requesting emergency hormonal contraception.","volume":"117","author":"Thomas","year":"2010","journal-title":"BJOG"},{"key":"2025102617051079600_R39"}],"container-title":["Sexual Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/connectsci.au\/sh\/article-pdf\/10\/3\/229\/1254321\/sh12069.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/connectsci.au\/sh\/article-pdf\/10\/3\/229\/1254321\/sh12069.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,26]],"date-time":"2025-10-26T21:05:19Z","timestamp":1761512719000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/connectsci.au\/sh\/article\/10\/3\/229\/184815\/Chlamydia-screening-interventions-from-community"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,5,8]]},"references-count":39,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,6,11]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1071\/sh12069","relation":{},"ISSN":["1448-5028","1449-8987"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1448-5028","type":"print"},{"value":"1449-8987","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,5,8]]}}}