{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,26]],"date-time":"2025-10-26T21:12:32Z","timestamp":1761513152519,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"CSIRO Publishing","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,29]],"date-time":"2025-08-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756425600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":4382,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1071\/journalslicense"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,10,14]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Productivity losses can arise when employees miss work to seek care for sexually transmissible infections (STIs). We estimated the average productivity loss per acute case of four nonviral STIs: chlamydia, gonorrhoea, syphilis and trichomoniasis. Methods: We extracted outpatient claims from 2001\u20132005 MarketScan databases using International Classification Disease ver. 9 (ICD-9) codes. We linked claims with their absence records in the Health and Productivity Management database by matching enrolee identifiers and the service dates from the claims such that our final data included only those who were absent because they were sick and were diagnosed with an STI on the day of their visit. To ensure that the visit was for the STIs being examined, we restricted the criteria to records with the specified ICD-9 codes only, excluding claims with other codes. We estimated the average number of hours absent and multiplied it by the mean hourly wage rate including benefits ($29.72 in 2011 United States dollars) to estimate the average productivity loss per case. Results: The average productivity losses per case were: $262 for chlamydia, $197 for gonorrhoea, $419 for syphilis and $289 for trichomoniasis. There were no significant differences between males and females. Conclusions: Among those who take sick leave to seek care, productivity losses associated with treating nonviral STIs may be higher than their estimated direct medical costs. These productivity cost estimates can help to quantify the overall STI burden, and inform cost-effectiveness analyses of prevention and control efforts.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1071\/sh13021","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,8,29]],"date-time":"2013-08-29T23:52:02Z","timestamp":1377820322000},"page":"434-437","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Productivity costs of nonviral sexually transmissible infections among patients who miss work to seek medical care: evidence from claims data"],"prefix":"10.1071","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Kwame","family":"Owusu-Edusei","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"ADivision of STD Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road M\/S E-80, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA."},{"name":"BCorresponding author. Email: kowusuedusei@cdc.gov"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"TaNisha M.","family":"Roby","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ADivision of STD Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road M\/S E-80, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Harrell W.","family":"Chesson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ADivision of STD Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road M\/S E-80, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thomas L.","family":"Gift","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ADivision of STD Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road M\/S E-80, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"67","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,8,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025102617073293700_R1"},{"key":"2025102617073293700_R2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1097\/OLQ.0b013e318285c6d2","article-title":"The estimated direct medical cost of selected sexually transmitted infections in the United States, 2008.","volume":"40","author":"Owusu-Edusei","year":"2013","journal-title":"Sex Transm Dis"},{"key":"2025102617073293700_R3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1037\/a0025153","article-title":"Attendance dynamics at work: the antecedents and correlates of presenteeism, absenteeism, and productivity loss.","volume":"16","author":"Johns","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Occup Health Psychol"},{"key":"2025102617073293700_R4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1097\/JOM.0b013e31819eb902","article-title":"The relationship between modifiable health risk factors and medical expenditures, absenteeism, short-term disability, and presenteeism among employees at Novartis.","volume":"51","author":"Goetzel","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Occup Environ Med"},{"key":"2025102617073293700_R5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1363\/3601104","article-title":"The estimated direct medical cost of sexually transmitted diseases among American youth, 2000.","volume":"36","author":"Chesson","year":"2004","journal-title":"Perspect Sex Reprod Health"},{"key":"2025102617073293700_R6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1097\/OLQ.0b013e31819241ef","article-title":"The economic burden of pediculosis pubis and scabies infections treated on an outpatient basis in the United States: evidence from private insurance claims data, 2001\u20132005.","volume":"36","author":"Owusu-Edusei","year":"2009","journal-title":"Sex Transm Dis"},{"key":"2025102617073293700_R7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"316","DOI":"10.1097\/OLQ.0b013e3181c5e643","article-title":"Treatment cost of acute gonococcal infections: estimates from employer-sponsored private insurance claims data in the United States, 2003\u20132007.","volume":"37","author":"Owusu-Edusei","year":"2010","journal-title":"Sex Transm Dis"},{"key":"2025102617073293700_R8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1097\/OLQ.0b013e3181f4207f","article-title":"Estimating the direct outpatient medical cost per episode of primary and secondary syphilis in the United States: insured population perspective, 2003\u20132007.","volume":"38","author":"Owusu-Edusei","year":"2011","journal-title":"Sex Transm Dis"},{"key":"2025102617073293700_R9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1097\/OLQ.0b013e318199d5fe","article-title":"Estimates of the direct cost per case and overall burden of trichomoniasis for the employer-sponsored privately insured women population in the United States, 2001 to 2005.","volume":"36","author":"Owusu-Edusei","year":"2009","journal-title":"Sex Transm Dis"},{"key":"2025102617073293700_R10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"889","DOI":"10.1097\/OLQ.0b013e318223be77","article-title":"A brief review of the estimated economic burden of sexually transmitted diseases in the United States: inflation-adjusted updates of previously published cost studies.","volume":"38","author":"Chesson","year":"2011","journal-title":"Sex Transm Dis"},{"key":"2025102617073293700_R11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.1097\/OLQ.0b013e3181d73e4c","article-title":"The direct cost of chlamydial infections: estimates for the employer-sponsored privately insured population in the United States, 2003\u20132007.","volume":"37","author":"Owusu-Edusei","year":"2010","journal-title":"Sex Transm Dis"},{"key":"2025102617073293700_R12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"478","DOI":"10.1097\/JOM.0b013e3181db811d","article-title":"Indirect costs associated with nonadherence to treatment for bipolar disorder.","volume":"52","author":"Bagalman","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Occup Environ Med"},{"key":"2025102617073293700_R13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1097\/JOM.0b013e3181ce10a8","article-title":"Productivity losses among treated depressed patients relative to healthy controls.","volume":"52","author":"Curkendall","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Occup Environ Med"},{"key":"2025102617073293700_R14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1097\/JOM.0b013e3181d65db7","article-title":"Illness-associated productivity costs among women with employer-sponsored insurance and newly diagnosed breast cancer.","volume":"52","author":"Meadows","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Occup Environ Med"},{"key":"2025102617073293700_R15"},{"key":"2025102617073293700_R16","unstructured":"DeNavas-Walt C, Proctor DB, Smith JC, United States Census Bureau. Current population reports: income, poverty, and health insurance coverage in the United States, 2011. Washington DC: U.S. Government Printing Office2012. Available from: http:\/\/www.census.gov\/prod\/2012pubs\/p60-243.pdf."},{"key":"2025102617073293700_R17","unstructured":"Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS). Occupational employment statistics: May 2011 National occupational employment and wage estimates, United States. Washington DC: Division of Occupational Employment Statistics, BLS; 2012. Available online at: http:\/\/www.bls.gov\/oes\/current\/oes_nat.htm [verified April 2012]."},{"key":"2025102617073293700_R18","unstructured":"Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS). Economic news release: employer costs for employee compensation news release text. Office of Compensation and Working Conditions, BLS; 2012. Available online at: http:\/\/www.bls.gov\/news.release\/ecec.nr0.htm [verified April 2012]."},{"key":"2025102617073293700_R19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S117","DOI":"10.1097\/01.olq.0000235148.64274.2f","article-title":"Productivity losses attributable to untreated chlamydial infection and associated pelvic inflammatory disease in reproductive-aged women.","volume":"33","author":"Blandford","year":"2006","journal-title":"Sex Transm Dis"},{"key":"2025102617073293700_R20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2070","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1987.03390150086041","article-title":"Chlamydia trachomatis infections in the United States \u2013 what are they costing us?","volume":"257","author":"Washington","year":"1987","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"2025102617073293700_R21","first-page":"1","article-title":"Sexually transmitted diseases treatment guidelines, 2010.","volume":"59","author":"Workowski","year":"2010","journal-title":"MMWR Recomm Rep"},{"key":"2025102617073293700_R22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1011","DOI":"10.1097\/01.mlr.0000228018.48783.34","article-title":"Quality of diagnosis and procedure coding in ICD-10 administrative data.","volume":"44","author":"Henderson","year":"2006","journal-title":"Med Care"},{"key":"2025102617073293700_R23"},{"key":"2025102617073293700_R24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1363\/4122509","article-title":"Relationships between perceived STD-related stigma, STD-related shame and STD screening among a household sample of adolescents.","volume":"41","author":"Cunningham","year":"2009","journal-title":"Perspect Sex Reprod Health"},{"key":"2025102617073293700_R25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"334","DOI":"10.1136\/sti.78.5.334","article-title":"Attitudes about sexual disclosure and perceptions of stigma and shame.","volume":"78","author":"Cunningham","year":"2002","journal-title":"Sex Transm Infect"},{"key":"2025102617073293700_R26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"378","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.92.3.378","article-title":"Relationships of stigma and shame to gonorrhea and HIV screening.","volume":"92","author":"Fortenberry","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am J Public Health"},{"key":"2025102617073293700_R27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1080\/13691050412331271416","article-title":"Public tolerance, private pain: stigma and sexually transmitted infections in the American Deep South.","volume":"7","author":"Lichtenstein","year":"2005","journal-title":"Cult Health Sex"},{"key":"2025102617073293700_R28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S115","DOI":"10.1086\/425280","article-title":"Social context, sexual networks, and racial disparities in rates of sexually transmitted infections.","volume":"191","author":"Adimora","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"2025102617073293700_R29"},{"key":"2025102617073293700_R30"},{"key":"2025102617073293700_R31"},{"key":"2025102617073293700_R32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"887","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jadohealth.2006.06.005","article-title":"Cervicitis: to treat or not to treat? The role of patient preferences and decision analysis.","volume":"39","author":"Sheeder","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Adolesc Health"}],"container-title":["Sexual Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/connectsci.au\/sh\/article-pdf\/10\/5\/434\/1254614\/sh13021.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/connectsci.au\/sh\/article-pdf\/10\/5\/434\/1254614\/sh13021.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,26]],"date-time":"2025-10-26T21:07:38Z","timestamp":1761512858000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/connectsci.au\/sh\/article\/10\/5\/434\/184868\/Productivity-costs-of-nonviral-sexually"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,8,30]]},"references-count":32,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,10,14]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1071\/sh13021","relation":{},"ISSN":["1448-5028","1449-8987"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"1448-5028"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1449-8987"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,8,30]]}}}