{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T18:22:20Z","timestamp":1791829340661,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"CSIRO Publishing","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,29]],"date-time":"2025-08-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756425600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":4323,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1071\/journalslicense"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,22]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Home-based sampling is a strategy to enhance uptake of sexually transmissible infection (STI) screening. This review aimed to compare the screening uptake levels of home-based self-sampling and clinic-based specimen collection for STIs (chlamydia (Chlamydia trachomatis), gonorrhoea (Neisseria gonorrhoeae) and trichomoniasis) in females aged 14\u201350 years. Acceptability and effect on specimen quality were determined. Methods: Sixteen electronic databases were searched from inception to September 2012. Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) comparing the uptake levels of home-based self-sampling and clinic-based sampling for chlamydia, gonorrhoea and trichomoniasis in females aged 14\u201350 years were eligible for inclusion. The risk of bias in the trials was assessed. Risk ratios (RRs) for dichotomous outcomes were meta-analysed. Results: Of 3065 papers, six studies with seven RCTs contributed to the final review. Compared with clinic-based methods, home-based screening increased uptake significantly (P = 0.001\u20130.05) in five trials and was substantiated in a meta-analysis (RR: 1.55; 95% confidence interval: 1.30\u20131.85; P = 0.00001) of two trials. In three trials, a significant preference for home-based testing (P = 0.001\u20130.05) was expressed. No significant difference was observed in specimen quality. Sampling was rated as easy by a significantly higher number of women (P = 0.01) in the clinic group in one trial. Conclusions: The review provides evidence that home-based testing results in greater uptake of STI screening in females (14\u201350 years) than clinic-based testing without compromising quality in the developed world. Home collection strategies should be added to clinic-based screening programs to enhance uptake.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1071\/sh13029","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,10,28]],"date-time":"2013-10-28T04:58:54Z","timestamp":1382936334000},"page":"559-569","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":46,"title":["Comparative effectiveness and acceptability of home-based and clinic-based sampling methods for sexually transmissible infections screening in females aged 14\u201350 years: a systematic review and meta-analysis"],"prefix":"10.1071","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Tolulope Y.","family":"Odesanmi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"ASchool of Health and Related Research, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S1 4DA, UK."},{"name":"CCorresponding author. 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Sexually transmitted infections. Geneva: WHO; 2011.Available online at: http:\/\/www.who.int\/mediacentre\/factsheets\/fs110\/en\/ [verified July 2012]."},{"key":"2025102617074405200_R2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1016\/S0749-3797(02)00636-0","article-title":"American college of preventive medicine practice policy statement: screening for Chlamydia trachomatis.","volume":"24","author":"Hollblad-Fadiman","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am J Prev Med"},{"key":"2025102617074405200_R3","unstructured":"Centre for Disease Control. Sexually transmitted disease surveillance 2010. Atlanta: US. Department of Health and Human Services; 2011. Available online at: http:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/std\/stats10\/surv2010.pdf [verified July 2012]."},{"key":"2025102617074405200_R4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1016\/S0749-3797(01)00253-7","article-title":"Screening for chlamydial infection.","volume":"20","author":"Nelson","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am J Prev Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"2025102617074405200_R5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1136\/sti.2004.009415","article-title":"Recent trends in the epidemiology of sexually transmitted infections in the European Union.","volume":"80","author":"Fenton","year":"2004","journal-title":"Sex Transm Infect"},{"key":"2025102617074405200_R6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1038\/nature05447","article-title":"Reducing the burden of sexually transmitted infections in resource-limited settings: the role of improved diagnostics.","volume":"444","author":"Aledort","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"3","key":"2025102617074405200_R7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1136\/jech.2004.021584","article-title":"Can we evaluate population screening strategies in UK general practice? A pilot randomised controlled trial comparing postal and opportunistic screening for genital chlamydial infection.","volume":"59","author":"Senok","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Epidemiol Community Health"},{"key":"2025102617074405200_R8"},{"key":"2025102617074405200_R9"},{"issue":"9551","key":"2025102617074405200_R10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2001","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(06)69482-8","article-title":"Global control of sexually transmitted infections.","volume":"368","author":"Low","year":"2006","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2025102617074405200_R11"},{"key":"2025102617074405200_R12"},{"key":"2025102617074405200_R13"},{"issue":"8","key":"2025102617074405200_R14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3853","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.42.8.3853-3856.2004","article-title":"Evaluation of Xenostrip-TV, a rapid diagnostic test for Trichomonas vaginalis infection.","volume":"42","author":"Pillay","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"2025102617074405200_R15"},{"issue":"11","key":"2025102617074405200_R16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"914","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-142-11-200506070-00010","article-title":"Systematic review: non-invasive testing for Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae.","volume":"142","author":"Cook","year":"2005","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025102617074405200_R17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.4081\/idr.2011.e4","article-title":"Trichomonas vaginalis screening and prevention in order to impact the HIV pandemic: isn\u2019t it time we take this infection seriously?","volume":"3","author":"Lazenby","year":"2011","journal-title":"Infectious Disease Reports"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025102617074405200_R18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1093\/bmb\/58.1.129","article-title":"Interventions against sexually transmitted infections to prevent HIV infection.","volume":"58","author":"Mayaud","year":"2001","journal-title":"Br Med Bull"},{"key":"2025102617074405200_R19","first-page":"197","article-title":"Gonorrhea infection in women: prevalence, effects, screening, and management.","volume":"3","author":"Walker","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int J Womens Health."},{"issue":"10","key":"2025102617074405200_R20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1097\/OLQ.0b013e3181a96d23","article-title":"Economic burden of sexually transmitted infections: incidence and direct medical cost of chlamydia, gonorrhoea, and syphilis among Illinois adolescents and young adults, 2005\u20132006.","volume":"36","author":"Pultorak","year":"2009","journal-title":"Sex Transm Dis"},{"issue":"3","key":"2025102617074405200_R21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1136\/sti.2002.004101","article-title":"Approaches to the control of sexually transmitted infections in developing countries: old problems and modern challenges.","volume":"80","author":"Mayaud","year":"2004","journal-title":"Sex Transm Infect"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025102617074405200_R22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1363\/3600604","article-title":"Sexually transmitted diseases among American youth: incidence and prevalence estimates, 2000.","volume":"36","author":"Weinstock","year":"2004","journal-title":"Perspect Sex Reprod Health"},{"key":"2025102617074405200_R23","unstructured":"Low N, Bender N, Nartey L, Redmond S, Shang A, Stephenson JM. 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