{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,26]],"date-time":"2025-10-26T21:13:31Z","timestamp":1761513211624,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":10,"publisher":"CSIRO Publishing","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,29]],"date-time":"2025-08-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756425600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":4159,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1071\/journalslicense"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,7,28]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Recent evidence suggests that asymptomatic nonspecific urethritis (NSU), which is not routinely tested for, is a clinically significant pathology.The aim of this pilot study was to determine if testing for urinary threads, leucocyte esterase (LE) or both in asymptomatic men is a good screening tool for NSU. Of the126 asymptomatic men, 8% met microscopic criteria for the diagnosis of NSU. The positive predictive value for NSU was 71% (95% confidence interval (CI): 29.3\u201395.5%) and the negative predictive value was 96% (95% CI: 92.8\u201399.5%). The absence of threads and negative LE makes urethritis highly unlikely, making urinary chlamydia (Chlamydia trachomatis) and gonorrhoea (Neisseria gonorrhoeae) testing sufficient. Incidental findings of further pathology occurred in 7%.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1071\/sh13190","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,10]],"date-time":"2014-04-10T02:21:19Z","timestamp":1397096479000},"page":"283-284","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Testing for \u2018threads\u2019 and leucocyte esterase in first-void urine to exclude the diagnosis of non-specific urethritis in asymptomatic men"],"prefix":"10.1071","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Sanjeeva N. S.","family":"Pallawela","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"ADepartment of GU Medicine, Clinic 1 A, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Trust, Addenbrookes Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK."},{"name":"BCorresponding author. Email: spallawela@nhs.net"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christopher","family":"Sonnex","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ADepartment of GU Medicine, Clinic 1 A, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Trust, Addenbrookes Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Julia","family":"Burdett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ADepartment of GU Medicine, Clinic 1 A, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Trust, Addenbrookes Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dawn","family":"Cooper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ADepartment of GU Medicine, Clinic 1 A, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Trust, Addenbrookes Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Katrina","family":"Nethercott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ADepartment of GU Medicine, Clinic 1 A, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Trust, Addenbrookes Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Catherina M.","family":"Thomas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ADepartment of GU Medicine, Clinic 1 A, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Trust, Addenbrookes Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Goon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ADepartment of GU Medicine, Clinic 1 A, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Trust, Addenbrookes Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hayley","family":"Webb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ADepartment of GU Medicine, Clinic 1 A, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Trust, Addenbrookes Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christopher","family":"Carne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ADepartment of GU Medicine, Clinic 1 A, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Trust, Addenbrookes Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"67","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025102617094992700_R1","unstructured":"British Association for Sexual Health and HIV (BASHH) Clinical Effectiveness Group. 2007 UK national guideline on the, management of nongonococcal urethritis Updated Dec 2008. Macclesfield, UK: BASHH; 2008. Available online at: http:\/\/www.bashh.org\/documents\/1955.pdf [verified February 2014]."},{"key":"2025102617094992700_R2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.1258\/ijsa.2011.010338","article-title":"Is asymptomatic non-chlamydial non-gonococcal urethritis associated with significant clinical consequences in men and their sexual partners: a systematic review.","volume":"22","author":"Saunders","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int J STD AIDS"},{"key":"2025102617094992700_R3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"A58","DOI":"10.1136\/sextrans-2012-050601c.145","article-title":"P145 Audit of the use of microscopy in heterosexual male patients diagnosed with non-specific urethritis and chlamydial urethritis.","volume":"88","author":"Cucinella","year":"2012","journal-title":"Sex Transm Infect"},{"key":"2025102617094992700_R4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"627","DOI":"10.1177\/0956462413477554","article-title":"Factors associated with asymptomatic non-chlamydial non-gonococcal urethritis in heterosexual men: findings from a case\u2013control study.","volume":"24","author":"Saunders","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int J STD AIDS"},{"key":"2025102617094992700_R5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"422","DOI":"10.1136\/sextrans-2011-050310","article-title":"Low sperm counts in genitourinary medicine clinic attendees: results from a case\u2013control study.","volume":"88","author":"Carne","year":"2012","journal-title":"Sex Transm Infect"},{"key":"2025102617094992700_R6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2562","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1989.03430180104038","article-title":"Urinary leucocyte esterase screening test for asymptomatic chlamydial and gonococcal infections in males.","volume":"262","author":"Shafer","year":"1989","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"2025102617094992700_R7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"322","DOI":"10.1097\/00007435-199807000-00010","article-title":"Reappraising the value of urine leukocyte esterase testing in the age of nucleic acid amplification.","volume":"25","author":"Bowden","year":"1998","journal-title":"Sex Transm Dis"},{"key":"2025102617094992700_R8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"388","DOI":"10.1136\/sti.79.5.388","article-title":"Sexually transmitted infections in male clients of female sex workers in Benin: risk factors and reassessment of the leucocyte esterase dipstick for screening of urethral infections.","volume":"79","author":"Alary","year":"2003","journal-title":"Sex Transm Infect"},{"key":"2025102617094992700_R9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"835","DOI":"10.1258\/095646207782716983","article-title":"Leucocyte esterase testing of first-void urine and urethral and cervical smears to identify Mycoplasma genitalium infected men and women.","volume":"18","author":"Hogdahl","year":"2007","journal-title":"Int J STD AIDS"},{"key":"2025102617094992700_R10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1097\/00007435-200104000-00006","article-title":"Urine-based screening for Chlamydia trachomatis in men attending sexually transmitted disease clinics.","volume":"28","author":"Marrazzo","year":"2001","journal-title":"Sex Transm Dis"}],"container-title":["Sexual Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/connectsci.au\/sh\/article-pdf\/11\/3\/283\/1254888\/sh13190.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/connectsci.au\/sh\/article-pdf\/11\/3\/283\/1254888\/sh13190.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,26]],"date-time":"2025-10-26T21:09:58Z","timestamp":1761512998000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/connectsci.au\/sh\/article\/11\/3\/283\/184917\/Testing-for-threads-and-leucocyte-esterase-in"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,10]]},"references-count":10,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,7,28]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1071\/sh13190","relation":{},"ISSN":["1448-5028","1449-8987"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"1448-5028"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1449-8987"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,10]]}}}